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EMT NREMT PRACTICE EXAM
Q: Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS System a. Quality Improvement b. System effectiveness management c. Process Improvement Plan (PIP) d. Total Quality System - Answers -a In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies with the development of emergency medical service standards? A) U.S. Department of Transportation B) U.S. Department of the Interior C) U.S. Department of Health Services D) U.S. Department of Homeland Security - Answers -a Centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and care most refers to which of the following? A) Emergency preparedness plan B) Trauma system C) Resource management D) Central deployment - Answers -c Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of the modern emergency medical services (EMS) system? A) To have trained personnel respond quickly and provide emergency care on the scene, during transport, and at the hospital B) To have trained personnel capable of assessing and caring for injured and ill patients on the scene C) To have trained personnel understand the limitations of their training and "do no harm," while providing prompt transport to the hospital D) To have trained personnel knowledgeable in all aspects of prehospital care - Answers -a Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS System a. Quality Improvement b. System effectiveness management c. Process Improvement Plan (PIP) d. Total Quality System - Answers -a Which of the following agencies is responsible for establish EMS system assessment programs? a. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) b. United States Health Services Agency (HSA)
c. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) d. National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) - Answers -d Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EMT? a. Protect and stabilize the patient b. Maintain personal health and safety c. Communicate with other responders on the scene d. Provide emergency care - Answers -b What BEST defines the evaluation of the patient's condition in order to provide emergency care? a. Patient Advocacy b. Medical Intervention c. Patient Access d. Patient Assessment - Answers -d When covering a patient's mouth and nose with a mask of any kind, which of the following is the primary risk? a. Upsetting the patient because of the social stigma b. Interfering with patient communication c. Obstructing the ability to visualize and protect the airway d. Causing or exasperating respiratory illnesses - Answers -c Which three "Rs" are essential for the EMT to practice when reacting to danger? a. Ricochet, Recover, Re-entry b. Realize, React, Reassess c. Retreat, Radio, Reevaluate d. Remember, Respect, Respond - Answers -c Urgent moves are required when a. Rapid transport is necessary b. There are no life threats and conditions are stable c. Performed for treatment of life threats along with precautions for spinal injuries d. An emergency move is not possible - Answers -c Which of the following factors housed be considered before lifting any patient a. Communications b. The weight of the patient c. Your physical limitations d. All of the above - Answers -d Concept that's used in tort law meaning "the thing speaks for itself" in Latin a. Res ipso loquitur b. Tort c. Negligence d. In loco parentis - Answers -a
d. Jaundice - Answers -a Lack of oxygen in blood cells and tissues resulting from inadequate breathing or heart function causes ones skin to be _____ a. Pale b. Cyanotic c. Pink d. Flushed - Answers -b Exposure to heat, and emotional excitement causes the skin to look a. Jaundice b. Cyanotic c. Mottled d. Flushed - Answers -d A patients skin may be ____ if they have abnormalities of their liver a. Jaundice b. Cyanotic c. Mottled d. Flushed - Answers -a Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EMT? A) Protect and stabilize the patient B) Communicate with other responders on the scene C) Maintain personal health and safety D) Provide emergency care - Answers -c Which of the following is a personality trait required of EMTs? A) Ability to lift and carry 125 pounds B) Awareness of problems with color vision C) Ability to dominate the patient D) Control of personal habits - Answers -d The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) was founded to establish which of the following? A) An education curriculum for EMT courses B) Quality oversight of emergency medical services practices C) National standards for emergency medical services personnel D) Quality improvement and quality assurance programs for emergency medical services - Answers -c Why is it important for EMTs to participate in quality improvement programs? A) To ensure that individuals making false calls for EMS are prosecuted
B) To identify problem employees and create a corrective action plan C) To identify problems and develop a plan to prevent their recurrence D) To ensure adequate personnel are available for emergencies - Answers -c Who assumes the ultimate responsibility for patient care rendered by the EMT? A) EMS supervisor B) EMT C) Director of quality assurance D) Medical Director - Answers -d You and your EMT partner are assigned to spend a day at the senior center where you are to inspect the rooms and common areas for fall hazards. Your partner is upset that he is not in the ambulance where the "action is." He complains that "looking for loose rugs" is a waste of his time. What would be the best response to his complaints? A) It is good practice for the next emergency call. B) It makes the taxpayers happy. C) Injury prevention in the community is an important component of EMS. D) It minimizes the number of 911 calls late at night. - Answers -c What is a common term used to describe the items needed for Standard Precautions or body substance isolation precautions? A) Harm-reduction strategy B) Exposure-control plan C) Personal protective equipment D) Infection-control plan - Answers -c An EMT should consider wearing protective eyewear when caring for which of these patients? A) A patient with a difficult-to-visualize scalp laceration B) A trauma patient who is covered in dirt, rocks, and other foreign debris C) A patient who is actively coughing D) A patient who was sprayed with mace by police during arrest - Answers -c Due to the high risk of an unstable work environment, EMTs responding to a motor vehicle crash may consider using ________ in addition to standard PPE. A) N-95 masks B) heavy-duty gloves C) face shields D) Level B hazmat suits - Answers -b An uncommon skin coloration that sometimes occurs in patients, mainly children and the elderly in shock is ____ a. Jaundice b. Cyanotic c. Mottled
d. Hold C-Spine - Answers -a How would you describe where a laceration on an inner thigh would be a. Midline b. Medial c. Lateral d. Unilateral - Answers -b The supply of oxygen and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries. a. Tension b. Perfusion c. Perineum d. Permeation - Answers -b Accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles. Signs of swelling, puffiness, and difficulty moving a part of the body a. Pedal Edema b. Pitting Edema c. Pulmonary Edema d. Cerebral Edema - Answers -a It often affects the lower body, such as the legs, feet, and ankles, but it can occur anywhere. If you press on a swollen area and an indentation or pit remains a. Pedal Edema b. Pitting Edema c. Pulmonary Edema d. Cerebral Edema - Answers -b Excess fluid that collects in the lungs, making breathing difficult. You often hear crackling in the lower lungs. a. Pedal Edema b. Pitting Edema c. Pulmonary Edema d. Cerebral Edema - Answers -c When a child throws there arms out, spreads their fingers and grabs there fingers and arms a. Rooting Reflex b. Moro Reflex c. Palmar Reflex d. Sucking Reflex - Answers -b When you place our finger in a childs palm and they grasp it a. Rooting Reflex b. Moro Reflex
c. Palmar Reflex d. Sucking Reflex - Answers -c When you touch a Childs cheek and they turn their head toward the side touched a. Rooting Reflex b. Moro Reflex c. Palmar Reflex d. Sucking Reflex - Answers -a When you stroke a Childs lips and they start sucking a. Rooting Reflex b. Moro Reflex c. Palmar Reflex d. Sucking Reflex - Answers -d Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are _____ and _____ a. Hypertension; diabetes b. Blood clots; COPD c. Heart failure; stroke d. High cholesterol; cerebral aneurysms - Answers -a You are treating an unresponsive homeless patient found in an alley. During your assessment you notice bruising behind both ears, which is known as which of the following a. Warrior's signs b. Fatigue signs c. Battles signs d. Soldiers signs - Answers -c What is the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs. a. Malleolus b. Medulla Oblongata c. Dead Space d. Carina Space - Answers -b What is the air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange. a. Danger Zone b. Carina Space c. Dead Space d. Pleural Space - Answers -c What is it called when you there's potential space between the lung and chest wall a. Danger Zone
What is NOT a cause of crackling sounds in the lungs? a. COPD b. Pulmonary Edema c. Cystic Fibrosis d. Pulmonary Embolism - Answers -d What usually originates in the organs within the abdomen and is described as dull, achy or intermittent a. Visceral pain b. Localized pain c. Parietal Pain d. Referred Pain - Answers -a What's a sharp pain that can be localized by pointing to a specific spot? a. Visceral pain b. Localized pain c. Parietal Pain d. Referred Pain - Answers -c What is it when the brain mistakenly identifies pain as coming from one region to another region a. Visceral pain b. Localized pain c. Parietal Pain d. Referred Pain - Answers -d What would you think your patient has if they complain of a deep, constant pain in their abdomen or on the side, back pain, and a pulse near their bellybutton. They usually have an enlarged area in the lower part of the major vessels that supply blood to the body a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm b. Myocardial infarction c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed d. Ectopic pregnancy - Answers -a What would you think your patient has if they have pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing sensation in their chest that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back? a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm b. Myocardial infarction c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed d. Ectopic pregnancy - Answers -b What would you think is wrong with your patient if they are vomiting coffee ground emesis, chest pain, and abdominal pain a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. Myocardial infarction c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed d. Ectopic pregnancy - Answers -c What would you think is wrong with your patient if they have sharp abdominal pain, dizziness and vomiting? a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm b. Myocardial infarction c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed d. Ectopic pregnancy - Answers -d You have a patient that can't understand you when you speak to them, but are AOX a. Receptive Aphasia b. Disorientation to time c. Expressive Aphasia d. Hypoglycemic - Answers -a You have a patient that can't express words but can understand what you're saying. They seem to be speaking gibberish, what's wrong? a. Receptive Aphasia b. Disorientation to time c. Expressive Aphasia d. Hypoglycemic - Answers -c The use of a made-up experience to replace lost memories with imaginary ones a. Confusion b. Hallucination c. Hysteria d. Confabulation - Answers -d When the body is in water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still air? a. 2 b. 100 c. 10 d. 25 - Answers -d Which of the following is the most significant way in which the body cools itself? a. Respiration b. Perspiration c. Radiation d. Vasoconstriction - Answers -b Which of the following does NOT make infants and children more prone to hypothermia? a. Inefficient metabolism
Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? Select one: A. A system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients B. A vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting C. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured D. A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients - Answers -c Which of the following statements regarding the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? Select one: A. The ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented physical disability. B. According to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam. C. The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled. D. The minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled. - Answers -c The EMT's first priority is __________. Select one: A. empathy for all patients B. treatment and transport C. rapid response D. personal safety - Answers -d In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? Select one: A. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change. B. The EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends. C. A bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing. D. The EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty. - Answers -a Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? Select one: A. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation B. Breach of duty, injury/damages, abandonment, and causation C. Duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation D. Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation - Answers -a
You arrive to find a 48 year old male complaining that his chest feels heavy. The patient is awake and talking to you. During your assessment, you note that his skin is pale, cool, and clammy. Your first step is to: A. apply your AED B. administer supplemental oxygen C. obtain a past medical history D. assist the patient in taking his neighbor's nitroglycerin - Answers -b Which of the following is the correct flow of blood through the heart and lungs? A. inferior/superior vena cavae, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, left venntricle, aorta B. inferior/superior vena cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, aorta C. inferior/superior vena cavae, lings, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle D. inferior/superior vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left ventricle, aorta - Answers -d You are treating a patient that has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You can lift a flap of skin on the patient's head. This type of injury would e referred to as a(n): A. avulsion B. laceration C. evisceration D. puncture - Answers -a Ligaments connect: A. muscle to bone B. bones to tendon C. bone to bone D. muscle to tendons - Answers -c Which of the following is NOT an imminent sign that birthing is going to occur? A. crowning has occurred B. contractions are 5 minutes apart C. the patient feels the infant's head moving down her birth canal D. the patient's abdomen is very hard - Answers -b You arrive on the scene of an incident where a 16 year old male fell approximately 12 feet. That would be considered: A. a trauma alert B. a significant mechanism of injury C. not a significant mechanism of injury D. a case with a load 'n' go patient - Answers -c You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. You should open the patient's airway by using: A. head-tilt/chin-lift
Which of the following would findings would be most significant during an assessment of a patient with a severe headache? A. pain in both legs B. chest discomfort C. unilateral weakness D. abdominal tenderness - Answers -c Snoring respirations are most rapidly managed by A. suctioning the oropharynx B. initiating assisted ventilations C. correctly positioning the head D. inserting an oropharyngeal airway - Answers -c Who is the oversight of the patient-care aspects of the EMS System a. Medical Director b. Medical Direction c. Designated Agent d. On-line Medical Direction - Answers -b What is the "pre"-antibiotic that an EMS will take before bacteria sets in? a. Preeclampsia b. Prophylaxis c. Penicillin d. Sulfa - Answers -b An adult male patient is suspected of having an acute myocardial infarction. If true, which of the following may be seen on the physical exam? a. Pinpoint Pupils b. Hemiparesis c. Diaphoresis d. Hot, red skin that has poor turgor - Answers -c If a peanut is aspirated, where is it most likely to become lodged? a. Left lung alveoli b. Carina c. Right mainstream bronchus d. Left bronchioles - Answers -c Which of the following happens during the inhalation phase of ventilation? a. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity b. The diaphragm contracts, moving upward, forcing the lungs to expand outward c. The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the chest cavity d. The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax, enlarging the chest cavity
- Answers -a Which of the following occurs during the peripheral capillary cellular exchange?
a. Body cells obtain energy from stored glycogen b. Carbon dioxide from cells enters the alveoli and oxygen leaves the alveoli and enters the cell c. Carbon dioxide from cells enters the capillaries and oxygen leaves the capillaries and enters the cells d. Oxygen form capillaries enters the alveoli and carbon dioxide leaves the alveoli and enters the capillaries - Answers -c How many lobes are there in a normal left lung? a. Four b. One c. Three d. Two - Answers -d An adult patient has sustained a likely closed femur fracture. Swelling, deformity and diminished pulses are noted. The patient is beginning to show early signs of hypovolemic shock but has no obvious external blood loss. How much blood can be lost due to internal bleeding secondary to a closed femoral shaft fracture? a. 1,000 to 1,500 mL b. 500 to 1,000 mL c. More than 2,000 mL d. 1,500 to 2,000 mL - Answers -b If a patient has a stroke volume of 75mL per beat and a heart rate of 75bpm, what is his or her cardiac output? a. 150 mL/min b. 75 mL/min c. 5.6 L/min d. 1 mL/min - Answers -c Which of the following is a likely sign/symptom of decompensated shock that may not be seen in compensated shock? a. Failing blood pressure b. Pale, diaphoretic skin c. Feeling of impending doom d. Weak pulse - Answers -a What is the primary action of nitro? a. Relaxation of the muscles of blood vessel walls b. Relaxation of the heart muscles c. Contraction of the heart muscles d. Contraction of the muscle of blood vessel walls - Answers -a Which of the following terms describes the pressure in the heart as blood volume increases prior to contraction a. After-load
b. Start CPR and attach an AED c. Contact medical control for orders d. Do CPR only but do not connect an AED - Answers -b 3-year-old girl swallowed a piece of hard candy and it lodged in her throat. She is having difficultly breathing. You hear abnormal sounds when listening with your stethoscope. What sound might you expect to hear? a. Rales b. Stridor c. Snoring d. Wheezes - Answers -b Your patient used a metered-dose inhaler prior to your arrival. It provided relief from his asthma symptoms. This is because the medication inhaled came in contact with the a. Oral mucosa b. Trachea and main bronchi c. Bronchioles d. Alveoli - Answers -c You are treating an unresponsive but breathing 54-year-old female whose chief complaint was respiratory distress prior to becoming unresponsive. You have placed the patient on oxygen and attempted to place an oral airway but were unable because of an intact gag reflex. In what poison should the patient be placed? a. Prone b. Supine c. Semi-fowler's position d. Laterally recumbent position - Answers -d You are called for an unresponsive patient in the hallway of an office complex. You find the 36-year-old female patient moaning slightly. Her breathing is adequate and she appears to have lost bladder control. As you place oxygen on the patient and gather a quick history from bystanders you observe the patient's mental status improving. This patient's current presentation was most likely caused by a. Stroke b. Seizure c. Hypoglycemia d. Myocardial Infraction - Answers -b You are treating a patient who complains of respiratory distress. He is breathing rapidly but shallowly and can speak only one- to two-word sentences. His skin color is poor and he appears tired. His family states he has "bad" chronic bronchitis and congestive heart failure. You should a. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula b. Administer oxygen via venturi mask c. Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask d. Administer ventilations via bag-valve mask - Answers -d
Your patient is experiencing right-sided heart failure. You would expect to see an accumulation of fluid in the... a. Alveoli b. Periphery c. Pulmonary Vein d. Coronary Arteries - Answers -b Which of the following would be the most likely indicator your patient was suffering from emphysema? a. Use of home oxygen b. Multiple metered-dose inhalers c. Increased anterior-posterior chest diameter d. Productive cough with a change in sputum color - Answers -c Your multiple trauma patient does not have radial pulses but does have a carotid pulse. This means the patient most likely has: a. Hypoperfusion b. An injury to the aortic arch c. Bilateral extremity fractures d. Pre-existing vascular problems in his extremities - Answers -a A trauma patient cannot feel anything in his body from the nipple level down. The level of spinal cord injury is likely at a. T b. C c. T d. T10 - Answers -c You are called to a pregnant patient who is full term. You observe the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. The most significant problem that accompanies this condition is: a. Fetal hypoxia b. Fetal hemorrhage c. Maternal hypoxia d. Maternal hemorrhage - Answers -a Which of the following conditions is most likely to be found during routine examination of the mother during pregnancy? a. Placental abruption b. Placenta previa c. Prolapsed cord d. Pre-term labor - Answers -b Your patient has just injected a drug that his friends believe was heroin. Which of the following vital signs most suggests the drug was actually heroin?
