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CHAPTER 1
I. INTRODUCTION
The dynamics of modern-day education have significantly evolved, with an increasing number of students engaging in part time work while pursuing their academic goals. Being a working student can have both positive and negative impacts on an individual's life. Working can provide students with valuable work experience that allows students to apply the knowledge they learn in the classroom to real-world scenarios. This hands-on experience can help in developing important skills such as time management, communication and problem solving. Furthermore, being a working student can also provide financial independence. Many students struggle with the financial burden of tuition fees, books, and other expenses related to their academic. By working part-time or full-time, students can earn money to support themself while pursuing their academic. However, being a working student also comes with its challenges and negative impacts. Balancing work responsibilities with studying can be overwhelming and lead to burnout. Working students may struggle to focus on their studies, attend classes regularly, and complete assignments on time. This can result in lower grades and hinder their academic progress. It can also negatively impact their academic performance and well-being. This qualitative study aims to explore the priorities and intentions of working students to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of work on their academic performance and well-being. The study will utilize interviews to gather data from a diverse group of working students. The findings of this study will contribute to the existing literature on the topic and provide insights for educators and students themselves to make informed decisions about balancing work and study. II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Striking a mass number of students these days spend less time in studying. A recent study conducted by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). According to CHED, around 216,000 students in the Philippines are working while studying. That is almost 10% of the total college population. Different factors are to be considered regarding the decrease in the amount of time in studying of students. Some factors include Particularly focusing on working students, could include factors such as the increasing number of students procrastination, non-academic after-school activities, and not appalling habits that might affect the academic performance of the students. Additionally, it might highlight gaps in existing research and the importance of qualitative methods for gaining deeper insights into the experiences of working students. Our
main argument in conducting this study is that knowledge and understanding of the students' lives at school and in their nearest environment is assumed to provide the school with important information. This will enable the school to adapt its educational activities according to the needs of this specific group of students and hence improve the quality of school life for working students. One way of achieving this is through listening to the voice of the students themselves. Further the situation of Filipino students with focus on working students as well as the development of the educational system will be described followed by a portrayal of the school and its environment seen through the eyes of the researcher. III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aimed to determine the problems met by working students in coping with their academic tasks. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions. MAJOR PROBLEM What is the impact that hinders students' decision SUB PROBLEM 1.) Have doubts about your academic abilities ever influenced your career decisions? 2.) What factors contribute to a lack of motivation among working students in balancing academic and work responsibilities 3.) How do external pressures, such as financial difficulties, impact the motivation levels of working students 4.) In what ways does the constant juggling of multiple responsibilities affect the intrinsic motivation of students working part-time 5.) Do you feel that your academic abilities have evolved or changed over time? 6.) What role does the nature of the job play in influencing a working student's ability to focus on studies? 7.) In what ways does the flexibility or rigidity of a work schedule affect a student's academic success? 8.) How does the level of job-related stress impact a working student's cognitive abilities and overall academic performance? 9.) How can time management techniques be applied to balance work and study responsibilities?
1). What method should I use to maximize my productivity during the limited time for studying? 2). How do I ensure that I have enough time for relaxation and self-care despite my busy schedule? 3.) How can I prioritize my time between work, studying, and personal activities? 4.) Is it possible to pursue my personal interest and habits due to my time concentrates 5.) How do working students navigate any conflicts between work schedule and exam periods? 6.) What method should i use to maximize my productivity during the limited time for studying? 7.) How do i ensure that i have enough time for relaxation and self-care despite my busy schedule? 8.) How can i prioritize my time between work, studying, and personal activities? 9.) Is it possible to pursue my personal interest and habits due to my time concentrates 10.) What mentors should i employ to maximize my limited time for studying MAJOR PROBLEM How does the study intend to provide insights that can inform the development of interventions aimed at supporting students those intentions of prioritizing work? SUB PROBLEM 1.) Do workshops or seminars can teach students to have effective time management techniques and strategies for prioritizing tasks and why? 2.) What are the opportunities for students to set clear, achievable goals for their academic and personal lives? 3.) What programs to implement that raise awareness about procrastination and provide students with tools? 4.) How do establishing peer support networks where students can share tips, etc. can fostering a sense of community and accountability’s help? 5.) What counseling services and support groups for students struggling with prioritization issues, providing them with a safe space to discuss their challenges and receive guidance? 6.) How do Developing apps or online tools help students to manage their schedules, and efficient prioritization and time management on them?
7.) How does the lack of clear goals or direction in either academic studies or work contribute to decreased motivation among students? 8.) Are there effective strategies or interventions that have been identified to address and enhance motivation levels in the context of working students? 9.) What influence do support systems, such as family or employer understanding, have on a working student's academic achievements? 10.) What strategies can be used to prevent stress in students and to improve focus and concentration during study sessions? MAJOR PROBLEM Why does working while studying have such a big impact on students learning? SUB PROBLEM 1.) How does the number of working hours impact a student's academic performance?? 2.) Why Balancing work and academic commitments can result in limited time for studying? 3.) How do working long hours can lead to physical and mental fatigue, making it difficult for students to concentrate in class? 4.) What work may be less engaged in their studies due to competing demands on their time and energy? 5.) How Working late shifts or irregular hours can disrupt students' sleep patterns, and affecting their cognitive function ability to focus during classes and study sessions? 6.) Do Working students may have limited access to resources? 7.) How to balance work and studies, are those can lead to emotional stress and burnout? 8.) Do Working students may prioritize their job responsibilities over their academic goals? 9.) How does the number of working hours impact a student's academic performance?? 10.) In what ways does the flexibility or rigidity of a work schedule affect a student's academic success?
- Future researchers. They may use this study as a source of research when they conduct their own studies related to the topic of the present study.it will serve them as a guide to gather important details and information to future investigation. V. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Role Strain Theory: Job strain theory is a concept that explains how when the job of a working student and his or her academic duties conflict, he or she gets stressed, anxious, and may eventually perform poorly. Resource drain theory: For instance, some students’ grades are low due to limited attention and time for their study because they must work at the same time. Self-Determination Theory: Some students who feel compelled to work may as a result lose interest in studying which might have negative effects on their school performance. VI. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework of this study explored the priorities and intentions of working students who manage the challenging roles of being a student and a worker. Students faced time constraints with school tasks, leading to poor grades and Academic performance and well-being. This variable represents the outcomes or results that are influenced by the intentions and priorities of students in managing their time. directly impact their academic performance and well-being Educators serve as mediating influencing the strength and nature of this relationship by providing guide, support, and resources.
VII. ASSUMPTION AND HYPOTHESIS
The assumption in this study, there is a correlation between a student's academic performance and well-being, particularly among working students who may have competing priorities. And there is a relationship between the priorities and intentions of working students and their academic performance and well-being. The study may assume that the choices and decisions made by working students regarding their priorities and intentions have an impact on their academic success and overall well-being. The hypothesis could be that working students who prioritize their academic goals and well- being will experience better academic performance and overall well-being compared to those who do not prioritize these aspects. May be that there is a relationship between working students' employment status and their academic performance and well-being. The study may aim to explore how balancing work and academics affects students' priorities and intentions, and how this in turn impacts their overall well-being and academic success. The study may seek to understand the factors that influence the priorities and intentions of working students and how VIII. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS A working student's responsibilities usually include juggling work and school obligations. This can involve learning real-world experience in a chosen field, making money to pay for school, and honing multitasking and time management abilities. Working students may also be able to apply what they learn in the classroom to real-world scenarios and network with professionals in their field. The limitations of working students usually revolve around time constraints, balancing work and academic responsibilities, potential impact on academic performance, and limited availability for extracurricular activities or social engagements. Setting
The terms of exploration sought to explore the academic challenges of working students in terms of financials and problems. The terms of average- is a grade point was associated with sleep, work hours, or work schedules that connected to working students The term of average is a grade point was associated with sleep, work hours, or work schedules that connected to working students The s chematic diagram was created to present the experiences of working students in juggling academics and work. The terms of satisfactorily it refers to working while practicing moderate time management and having moderate self-efficacy in the subject. The terms of heterogeneous. Heterogeneous refers to subgroups, with a particular focus on differences between full-time and part-time students. The terms of nevertheles s it refers that we can find very limited literature addressing time management despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) The terms of Endogenou s it is potentially referring to the relationship between working and academic performance that vary over time.
CHAPTER 2
Review literature is to undertake literature review for research study as a part of curriculum to know the research process for future importance. The demand is required to learn the skill such as selection of topics, learning types, literature sources, retrieval techniques, writing report in the specific field. II. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE I. FOREIGN Balancing Act: The Struggles of Working Students in Maintaining Academic Performance and Well-being Smith, J. & Johnson, A. (2021). Students working often contend with financial pressures, as the need to earn income to support themselves or contribute to their family's finances adds an additional layer of complexity to their academic journey. Balancing the demands of work with the pursuit of education requires careful financial planning and resource management, adding yet another dimension to the challenges they face. Despite these formidable obstacles, working students demonstrate remarkable resilience, determination, and resourcefulness in navigating the complexities of their dual roles. Their ability to adapt, prioritize, and persevere in the face of adversity is a testament to their unwavering commitment to both their academic and professional aspirations. Understanding the Priorities and Intentions of Working Students: A Qualitative Study on Academic Performance and Well-being. Brown and Lee Date:(2020)
management mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and students' academic achievement at community college. Separate modeling for part-time and full-time students showed that this mediation was moderated by enrollment status. The impact of part time employment on students' health and academic performance: a Scottish perspective Claire Carney, Sharon McNEISH, John McCOLL(2020) The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between part time work, mental and physical health and academic performance. Fifty per cent of the undergraduate full-time respondents had part time jobs. The mean pay per hour was £4.25 and mean number of hours worked. When the current state of students' health was compared to the sex‐ and age‐related norms for the general population, it showed that seven of the eight areas of health measured were significantly poorer than those of the general population. Results also showed that being in debt and part time working both have a very slight (though significant) detrimental effect on both the mental and physical health of students. Accordingly, working more hours increased the probability that a student perceived a negative effect on academic performance. In conclusion, it is recommended that several measures be implemented to help students, to organize study and part time work to best effect Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on the academic performance of full-time and part-time students Rajeev Darolia(2020) A growing number of students are working while in college and to a greater extent. Using nationally representative data from the nineteenth ninety-seven National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I analyze the effect of working on grades and credit completion for undergraduate students in the United States. Strategies to identify the causal relationship between working and academic performance include student-level fixed effects to control for permanent, unobserved characteristics that may affect both work and study intensity, and system GMM models to account for potentially endogenous relationships between working and academic performance
that vary over time. I examine the consequences of working for heterogeneous subgroups, with a particular focus on differences between full-time and part-time students. I find no evidence that students’ grades are harmed by marginal work hours, but that full-time students complete fewer credits per term when increasing work. Cultivating a sense of belonging in part-time students Kenneth Lee (2019) This study investigated the sense of belonging of part-time students through interviews with fifty-three novice or experienced students enrolled in part-time programmers in Hong Kong. It was found that students were more easily able to affiliate with their class groups or teaching staff than with their department or university. Seven methods are suggested for promoting a sense of belonging. Class cohesiveness can be developed through learning activities and maintaining classes as a cohort. Relationships with teaching staff can be developed through encouraging interaction, providing good quality teaching and making a positive initial impression. There was also evidence that a sense of belonging was more likely to develop if enrolment was through departments and part-time students had access to resources and facilities. The data showed that promoting a sense of belonging contributed to better quality learning outcomes and increased the chances of students completing programmes. I. LOCAL LIVED EXPERIENCES OF WORKING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: CHALLENGES AND COPING MECHANISM Mico May M. Regis Date: 2019 This research lived the experiences, challenges, of senior high school students. The respondents were enrolled for the school year 2019-2020 in Taguig Stand Alone Senior High School, Taguig city, Philippines. The researcher utilized a descriptive-phenomenological study approach and used a semi-structured interview questionnaire. The in-depth interviews were recorded, transcribed, processed, and interpreted through thematic analysis. There are different kinds of work set-up for working students and ways they were able to land at the job. There are also diverse lived experiences when it comes to their workloads and wages. The key actors
The influence of interpersonal skills on working students in the context of client service satisfaction within a higher educational institution is multifaceted. Firstly, possessing strong interpersonal skills allows working students to effectively engage with clients, understand their needs, and communicate solutions clearly. This enhances their ability to provide excellent service, fostering positive relationships with clients. honing interpersonal skills equips working students with valuable tools for navigating various interpersonal dynamics and resolving conflicts diplomatically. As a result, they can handle challenging situations with clients with confidence and professionalism, ultimately leading to increased client satisfaction developing interpersonal skills empowers working students to collaborate effectively with colleagues and other staff members, facilitating teamwork and synergy in delivering services to clients. This collaborative environment enhances productivity and the overall quality of service provide WORKING WHILE STUDYING: THE ACADEMIC CHALLENGES OF WORKING SCHOLARS Castor V. Balacuit (2022) In tertiary education, success is not purely about intelligence; self-discipline, diligence, initiative, and determination are pillars that one keeps there. This study delves into the academic challenges of working scholars at Northeastern Mindanao State University (NEMSU), a state university in Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines. This exploration sought to explore the academic challenges of working scholars in terms of financial, social, psychological, teachers' factors, and classroom environment. The study utilized a mixed methods approach where a researcher-made checklist survey questionnaire was employed to come up with the quantitative result. Further, the researchers also conducted a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the working scholars in which the responses were thematically extracted to derive an elaborated result from the quantitative data, leading this study a mixed method design-an explanatory approach. It has been found out that university students are working while studying to support their underprivileged families; sustain their scholastic expenses for their dreams of having a better life; lack of financial support from their families due to unemployment, death, and health concerns; and to prove to others that poverty is not a predicament in education if one is determined to succeed. The primary academic challenge of working scholars in their daily lives is financial problems, which are attributed to school-related expenses (requirements), needs, and wants. In addition, working scholars are also psychologically challenged because of external discouragement and a lack of moral support from their families. Investigation of Time Management Interventions for Working Students in the Philippines to Balance Academics and Work John Erwin Prado Pedroso (2020)
Being a working student needs considerable effort to balance both work and studies. Balancing these responsibilities can be extremely challenging as it demands attention both in school and at work. The challenges faced by working students, such as time constraints and maintaining commitment to their studies, were highlighted by the informants in the study. This research is crucial as many students are in similar situations of balancing work and education. The study offers implications and recommendations for working students to overcome these challenges, including the importance of effective time management, commitment, discipline, and responsibility. By implementing these strategies, working students can better navigate the demands of their dual roles and achieve success in both work and academics. Juggling Academics and Work: The Experiences of Marist Working Students Lianne Ashley (2019) This study explores the experiences of Marist working students juggling academics and work. The research used a qualitative descriptive design and thematic analysis to analyze the reasons for working outside the campus, their performance in school and work, challenges they faced while studying, coping strategies they used, and Marist core values they applied. Six Notre Dame of Marbel University students were interviewed, and data was gathered through an interview guide and in-depth interviews. The study found that juggling academics and work was both challenging and fulfilling for Marist students. The study also highlighted the importance of considering the effects of the job on academic work and schoolwork, and whether the student has the capability to handle the ups and downs associated with balancing work and academics. Marist students applied mixed core values, with the most prominent being the love of work, family spirit, and quality education. A schematic diagram was created to present the experiences of Marist working students in juggling academics and work Understanding the effects of time management and self-efficacy on performance among high school students working part-time in Cebu, Philippines Emerson D Peteros (2021) Although the government provides free education, poverty is one of Filipino students' most common challenges in their pursuit of basic education. To overcome financial constraints and to be self-sufficient while studying, high school students choose to find errands. In Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines, thirty-one public high school students working part-time were studied to find answers if there was a link between time management, self-efficacy, and academic performance, specifically, assessing the respondents' math performance, using the adopted survey questionnaire. The results revealed that they performed satisfactorily in math while practicing
self-development and internal motivation to integrate theory and practice are among the driving forces of working while studying Moreover, it shows that the effective ways of overcoming the problems they encounter is through good time management and self-reflection. Economics of Education Author: Angela Boatman (2020) A growing number of students are working while in college and to a greater extent. Using nationally representative data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, analyze the effect of working on grades and credit completion for undergraduate students in the United States. Strategies to identify the causal relationship between working and academic performance include student-level fixed effects to control for permanent, unobserved characteristics that may affect both work and study intensity, and system GMM models to account for potentially endogenous relationships between working and academic performance that vary over time. I examine the consequences of working for heterogeneous subgroups, with a particular focus on differences between full-time and part-time students. I find no evidence that students’ grades are harmed by marginal work hours, but that full-time students complete fewer credits per term when increasing work. Balancing school and work amidst a pandemic: Working students’ time management J Antipolo Date (2021) A lot of research on time management was done to uncover a person’s efficacy and influence on their job; nevertheless, we can find very limited literature addressing time management. Every working student should investigate their time management to improve their performance both at work and in academics. Time management is key if you’re a working student. It can feel overwhelming, but there are some practical steps you can take to balance your school and work responsibilities. It involves understanding that time is a valuable resource and giving it the respect it demands. It comes with planning, organizing and dreaming in script, it’s about setting and respecting priorities, assigning time per task and maximizing produce per task The Effects of Working while Studying to Senior High School Students at Bestlink College of the Philippines Academic Year 2018- Author: Maricel Acaso Date:(2018-2019)
Examining the effects of working while studying on senior high school students at best link College of the Philippines during the academic year 2018-2019 illuminates the intricate relationship between student employment and various facets of their educational journey. By delving into the experiences of these working students, researchers can uncover how balancing work responsibilities alongside academic pursuits influences academic performance, well-being, and overall educational experiences. Understanding the challenges, motivations, and coping strategies of these students provides valuable insights for educational institutions in designing support systems tailored to their unique needs. Additionally, this research can inform policymakers and stakeholders about the potential implications of student employment on academic outcomes, thus guiding the development of targeted interventions to optimize the educational experience for working students CHAPTER 3 I. RESEARCH DESIGN This study used qualitative research design using the phenomenological approach. Qualitative research defies easy classification. It is an efficient way to learn about the subject because the research is topic-specific and offers useful insights into students' schedules and time management abilities. It is a loose assortment of complex and interconnected concepts, terms and assumptions the crosscut disciplines, fields and subjects' matter and which assume different meanings in different historical. (Denizen and Lincoln ,1994). Research provides narrative descriptions and explanations of phenomena investigated, with lesser emphasis given to numerical qualifications methods used to collect qualitative data include ethnographic practices such as observing and interviewing. The phenomenological approach that is concerned with exploring experiences in its own, in the book of phenomenological approach are interested in what happens when the everyday flow lived experiences of working students II. PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY The participants of the study were the grade 11 students of Stand Alone Senior High School (SASH), chosen for their shared status as working students. They were preferred participants due to their alignment with the research focus on the challenges faced by working students in
