Helping Students Achieve, Study notes of Psychology

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Helping Students Achieve: Promising Strategies from Cognitive and Education Sciences John Dunlosky Kent State University

Evidence-based Education Reform

Does the strategy boost performance? Does it help in the lab and in the classroom? Lots of evidence available on how well strategies improve student achievement Does it have the potential to help all students?

Which Study Skills Help Students? From Table 4. Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, & Willingham (2013). Improving Students’ Learning with Effective Learning Techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 14 , 4-58.

Rereading notes or text book Doing practice problems Flashcards Retrieval practice Strategy Percent reporting adapted from Karpicke et al. (2009), Table 1

Similar results from Kornell & Bjork (2007) and Hartwig & Dunlosky (2012)

Which Study Skills Can Help Students? From Table 4. Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, & Willingham (2013). Improving Students’ Learning with Effective Learning Techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 14 , 4-58.

Which Study Skills Can Help Students? From Table 4. Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, & Willingham (2013). Improving Students’ Learning with Effective Learning Techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 14 , 4-58.

Talk Overview

For Each Strategy: Lab research Classroom implementation

Talk Overview

1. Which Study Strategies Help Students?
   2. Retrieval Practice
2. Distributed Practice
   5. Conclusions
3. Successive Relearning

Retrieval Practice

Practice tests: Multiple-choice tests Fill-in-the-blank tests Essay-style recall tests

Initial study ~1000 word texts One week later – final test with NEW inference questions Then, test-restudy or restudy only for key facts and concepts Butler (2010) JEP:LMC

Retrieval Practice

th grade students Some material was targeted for in-class quizzes (multiple choice) Content: Foundational concepts from genetics, evolution, and anatomy McDaniel et al. (2011)

Retrieval Practice for Science

McDaniel et al. (2011)

Retrieval Practice for Science

Class unit exam (50% of overall grade) End of semester exams End of the year exams

Retrieval Practice

Followed by feedback

Effective when:

Responses are (eventually) correct

Has multiple benefits!

Daily “reviews”

Note taking (e.g., Cornell notes)

Flash cards

Implementing

Peer Instruction