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Information Processing - Human Development - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Development

Himgiri Zee UniversityHuman Development

Information Processing, Processing Theories, Cognitive Rules, Development is Continuous, Problem Solvers, Mechanisms of Change, Evidence of Infant Memory, Mobile Task, Metamemory, Suggestibility of Child Memory. Above mentioned are either slide title of slide or any other important term described in this lecture of Human Development course.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/22/2012

dharm-mitra
dharm-mitra 🇮🇳

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Information Processing
1
Information Processing Theories
•Brain = Hardware
•Cognitive rules and strategies = software
1
Information Processing Theories
•Brain = Hardware
•Cognitive rules and
strategies = software
•Thinking = information
processing
2
Characteristics of Information Processing
Theories
•Development is Continuous
•Children are problem-solvers
•Child as computational system (a computer), a
processor of information
•Thinking is a process that occurs over time
3
Information Processing Theories
•Mechanisms of Change
–Encoding
–Automatic Processing
–Processing Speed
–Strategy Construction
–Content Knowledge
–Self Modification
4
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Information Processing Theories

  • Brain = Hardware
  • Cognitive rules and strategies = software 1

Information Processing Theories

  • Brain = Hardware
  • Cognitive rules and strategies = software
  • Thinking = information processing 2

Characteristics of Information Processing

Theories

  • Development is Continuous
  • Children are problem-solvers
  • Child as computational system (a computer), a processor of information
  • Thinking is a process that occurs over time 3

Information Processing Theories

  • Mechanisms of Change
    • Encoding
    • Automatic Processing
    • Processing Speed
    • Strategy Construction
    • Content Knowledge
    • Self Modification 4

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Summary of Information Processing

Theories

  • Child as Problem solver
  • Thinking as a Process that occurs over time
  • Computer as Metaphor
  • Emphasis on Mechanisms of Change 5

Memory in Childhood

  • Evidence of Infant Memory
  • Metamemory
  • Autobiographical Memory
  • Child Eyewitness Testimony

Evidence of Infant Memory

  • Pacifier Study of Infant Preferences (“Cat-in- the-Hat” study)
  • Rovee-Collier’s Mobile Task with 2- & 3- month-olds
  • Brain Development

Mobile Task

  • Contingency Learning & Memory
    • Carolyn Rovee-Collier Baseline Kicking Rate Learning Phase (Measure Kicking) Memory Assessment (Measure Kicking)

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Autobiographical Memory

  • Contributing Factors
    • Basic memory skills
    • Language
    • Parent-Child Conversation
      • Cultural Differences
    • Sense of Self

Infantile Amnesia

  • Why do we have it?
    • Do children < 3 lack the ability to form memories?
    • Did those events happen too long ago (sheer passage of time)?
    • Are early memories simply stored differently than later memories?
  • Possible reasons:
    • Earlier memories stored iconically, later memories stored in language
    • Autobiographical memory not yet in place – no timeline or context in which to place it

Memory Development (Recap)

• Infants:

  • Need visual cues (Rovee-Collier’s mobile tasks)
  • Have non-verbal memories (because they’re nonverbal)
  • Young children
  • Can report memories (because they are verbal)
  • Can remember things that happened a long time ago (6 months ago, 1 yr, 2 yrs, etc.)
  • But their memories are very, very suggestible.

Suggestibility of Child Memory

  • Kelly Michaels “We Care” Case
    • Lots of “memories” were reported
    • Problems with the interview process
    • If you are interested in a summary of this case see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wee_Care_Nursery_Sc hool

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Suggestibility of Child Memory

  • What kinds of experiments do psychologists use

to establish how reliable or suggestible children

really are?

Research on Child Suggestibility

  • “The big yellow giraffe”
    • Effects of repeated questioning
    • Better by age 7/

Research on Child Suggestibility

  • “The big yellow giraffe”
  • “The eye patch”
    • Effects of the memorability of the event
    • Don’t use this as a guide to memory until age 9 or

Research on Child Suggestibility

  • “The big yellow giraffe”
  • “The eye patch”
  • “That clumsy Sam Stone!”
    • Effects of stereotyping

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Once upon a time

  • Autobiographical memory
    • Pollyanna principle
    • Recall of material that "fits" current self-view
    • Particular periods of life are remembered more easily than others

Remembrances of Things Past

Information-Processing Deficits

  • Inability to inhibit irrelevant information and thoughts declines
  • Speed of processing declines
  • Attention declines
  • Less efficient retrieval methods

Biological Factors

  • Brain and body deterioration
    • Especially frontal lobes
    • Some studies also show deterioration of hippocampus

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