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Typology: Lecture notes
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(^) Spoken communication is communication which happens: (^) • face-to-face between two or more people (^) • speaking to another person on the phone (^) • on/via media such as television or radio (^) • A video or Skype business meeting
(^) • Record yourself and listen how it sounds (^) • Use the correct tone of voice; pitch will give different impressions of your voice (^) • Use your mouth correctly and round off your words in the right way (^) • Pronounce words correctly (^) • Project your voice correctly and comfortably (^) • Emphasize certain words to create interest on certain subjects (^) • Be assertive when you speak (^) • Use the right tone as this will indicate what your emotions are (^) • Remember to be relaxed.
Planning and preparation: spoken communication: (^) It is important to plan before speaking. Speaking is such a part of our being that we often forget to put some planning in to better this valuable skill. Here are a number of things we can do in preparation for speech: (^) Analyze your audience. What are their backgrounds, values and interests? (^) Select a topic of interest to your audience. (^) Decide on the purpose of your speech. (^) Define the objective: one statement - what should audience learn from your presentation
(^) • Select a topic of interest to your audience. (^) • Decide on the purpose of your speech. (^) • Define the objective: one statement - what should audience learn from your (^) presentation. (^) • Practice the introduction. (^) • Practice delivering your presentation in front of the mirror. (^) • Don’t try to cover too much ground, stick to three or four points; don’t get side-tracked.
(^) Keep the conclusion short. (^) • The conclusion should give an overview of what you said and must be linked back to (^) the opening. (^) • Know the venue; plan lighting, acoustics and number of people – take into account (^) possible distractions
(^) Examples of spoken communication in a learning environment (^) • One-on-one speaking (^) • Small group or team based oral work (^) • Full class discussions (^) • In-class debates and deliberations (^) • Speeches and presentations (^) • Oral examinations
(^) This type of communication happens regularly in the workplace. It can happen while having coffee in the staff kitchen or even in the office with people sitting in an open office. (^) Giving instructions and directions (^) This is a one-way communication with an individual or a group. This type of communication is about giving information to benefit the receiver. (^) Explaining or solving problems (^) The goal of this type of communication is finding a solution. This communications should be clear to ensure that everybody understands the message.
(^) Barriers during an interview: (^) • Physical – These are external barriers that can disturb the interview process such as a ringing cell phone, noises, lighting etc. (^) • Psychological – Nervousness can lead to stuttering, giggling etc. It is important to ensure that you are prepared before the interview. (^) • Verbal or semantic – Poor use of words and language proficiency can hinder the interview by not communicating clearly. Barriers can be caused by the fact that English might not be the person’s first language.
(^) • Non-verbal – Body language such as facial expressions, gestures and postures can be a problem as it will communicate more than what you say. It is important to be conscious about these barriers and prepare not to fall into it. (^) • Physiological – Feeling sick might be a problem during an interview. Also be open about it if possible. (^) • Perceptual – People will unfortunately have preconceived ideas they will form about each other based on the other person’s cultural and social background. (Rheeder L, et al 74:2016)
(^) Leading – The interviewer leads the interviewee to answer the question as indicated in the question. Example: We believe that the customer is always right. How do you feel about it? (^) • Reflective – Using the interviewee’s statement to formulate a question. Example: You said that you have good leadership skills. Example: Explain to me how you handled any past situations of conflict as a leader? (^) • Hypothetical – The interviewer gives a scenario and asks how the interviewer will respond in the situation. Example: How will you handle a difficult staff member?
(^) Training has become an important part of any business. This will ensure that the staff is ready to take on any situation in the business. (^) Coaching (^) Coaching is done by the staff’s supervisor or manager. This is done by the superior giving tasks to the subordinate and showing how they need to be handled. They also discuss situations they might face in the work place and working together to tackle tasks.
(^) • Public meetings – These meetings are open to the public. It involves groups of people that come together in halls to discuss issues or to announce something important. It could be planned but in most situations get out of hand. (^) Private meetings – These meetings usually happen in boardrooms, offices, staff rooms etc. It is internal and private. People are notified view emails or internal memos and agendas are usually handed out. The meetings also involves minute takers that will send out minutes after the meeting. (^) • General meetings – Meetings comprised of members of an association or staff. They are brought together more frequently and routinely (Rheeder, et al 126-127:2016).
(^) Brainstorming – Creating new ideas. (^) Problem-solving – Coming to a solution to a problem. (^) Briefing – Handing out tasks (usually written). (^) Consulting – Meetings outside the business with other companies, suppliers etc. (^) Technology-driven – Video conferencing to cross borders. (Maritz, et al 47-48:2016)
