Interconnection Structures-Assembly Language, Microprocessors and Computer Architecture-Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Architecture and Organization

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Interconnection Structures z

All the units must be connected z Different type of connection for differenttype of unit: z Memory z Input/Output z CPU

Computer Modules

Input/Output Connection z

Similar to memory from computer’sviewpoint z Output z Receive data from computer z Send data to peripheral z Input z Receive data from peripheral z Send data to computer

Input/Output Connection z

Receive control signals from computer z Send control signals to peripherals z e.g. spin disk z Receive addresses from computer z e.g. port number to identify peripheral z Send interrupt signals (control)

Buses z

There are a number of possibleinterconnection systems z Single and multiple BUS structures aremost common z e.g. Control/Address/Data bus (PC) z e.g. Unibus (DEC-PDP)

What is a Bus? z

A communication pathway connecting twoor more devices z Usually broadcast z Often grouped z A number of channels in one bus z e.g. 32 bit data bus is 32 separate single bit channels z Power lines may not be shown

Address bus z

Identify the source or destination of data z e.g. CPU needs to read an instruction(data) from a given location in memory z Bus width determines maximum memorycapacity of system z e.g. 8080 has 16 bit address bus giving 64k addressspace

Control Bus z

Control and timing information z Memory read/write signal z Interrupt request z Clock signals

Big and Yellow? z

What do buses look like? z Parallel lines on circuit boards z Ribbon cables z Strip connectors on mother boards z e.g. PCI z Sets of wires

Physical Realization of Bus Architecture

Traditional (ISA) (with cache)

High Performance Bus