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Introductory Biology II - Solved Exam 1 | BIO 311D, Exams of Biology

The University of Texas at AustinBiology
Prof. Jennifer Moon

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Moon; Class: INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY II; Subject: Biology; University: University of Texas - Austin;

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BIO 311D - Exam I Introductory Biology II Spring 2011
Name: ________________________________________ EID:_________________
Using a pencil, select the best answer for the following questions and fill in the corresponding
bubble on the answer sheet. Use PEN for the short answer and essay (if you wish to be
considered for regrade-ing). You have 50 minutes. Take a deep breath – and Good Luck!!
Multiple Choice (2.5pts each)
1. ‘Alternation of generations’ describes a life-cycle in which:
A. asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents
B. an organism spends part of its life-cycle in a multi-cellular haploid state
C. gametes result from mitotic divisions
D. one generation is diploid, while the next generation is haploid
E. Both B and C
2. How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other?
A. their length
B. the precise sequence of the DNA within each of the chromosomes
C. the relative position of the genes present on each of the chromosomes
D. the identity of the genes present on each chromosome
3. If a dominant allele of one gene, A, is necessary for hearing in humans, and the dominant
allele of another gene, B, results in deafness regardless of the presence of other genes, what
fraction of offspring in a marriage of AaBb and Aabb individuals will be deaf?
A. 1/2
B. 3/4
C. 1/8
D. 1/16
4. What is the term that is defined by the interaction of the genes described in #3?
A. co-dominance
B. epistasis
C. incomplete dominance
D. hybrid vigor
5. During meiosis, two genes carried on non-homologous chromosomes are randomly separated
into gametes. Mendel recognized this as:
A. The Law of Segregation
B. The Law of Independent Assortment
C. Crossing over events
D. Random mating
6. The similarity in body morphology between sharks and dolphins is due to:
A. the fact that sharks and dolphins have a common ancestor
B. convergent evolution
C. the effects of natural selection in a aqueous environment
D. all of the above
E. both B and C
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Download Introductory Biology II - Solved Exam 1 | BIO 311D and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Name: ________________________________________ EID:_________________ Using a pencil, select the best answer for the following questions and fill in the corresponding bubble on the answer sheet. Use PEN for the short answer and essay (if you wish to be considered for regrade-ing). You have 50 minutes. Take a deep breath – and Good Luck!! Multiple Choice (2.5pts each)

  1. ‘Alternation of generations’ describes a life-cycle in which: A. asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents B. an organism spends part of its life-cycle in a multi-cellular haploid state C. gametes result from mitotic divisions D. one generation is diploid, while the next generation is haploid E. Both B and C
  2. How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other? A. their length B. the precise sequence of the DNA within each of the chromosomes C. the relative position of the genes present on each of the chromosomes D. the identity of the genes present on each chromosome
  3. If a dominant allele of one gene, A, is necessary for hearing in humans, and the dominant allele of another gene, B, results in deafness regardless of the presence of other genes, what fraction of offspring in a marriage of AaBb and Aabb individuals will be deaf? A. 1/ B. 3/ C. 1/ D. 1/
  4. What is the term that is defined by the interaction of the genes described in #3? A. co-dominance B. epistasis C. incomplete dominance D. hybrid vigor
  5. During meiosis, two genes carried on non-homologous chromosomes are randomly separated into gametes. Mendel recognized this as: A. The Law of Segregation B. The Law of Independent Assortment C. Crossing over events D. Random mating
  6. The similarity in body morphology between sharks and dolphins is due to: A. the fact that sharks and dolphins have a common ancestor B. convergent evolution C. the effects of natural selection in a aqueous environment D. all of the above E. both B and C
  1. After careful analysis of a patient’s genome and symptoms, you diagnose the patient as having Kleinfelter’s Syndrome. Which of the following information would lead you to that conclusion? A. The presence of two Barr bodies in each body cell B. The presence of only one X chromosome in each body cell C. The presence of two Y chromosomes in each body cell D. The presence of one Barr body in each body cell
  2. A patient suffering from sickle cell anemia has multiple symptoms, from shortness of breath to problems with blood clotting. What term describes this relationship between genotype and phenotype? A. Epistasis B. Pleiotropy C. Polygenic inheritance D. Multiple alleles at a single locus
  3. As we talked about in class, there are many ways of defining a species. The biological concept of species is defined by A. reproductive isolation of two populations B. morphological differences between two populations C. the presence of a geographic barrier between populations D. two populations that occupy difference niches in the same environment
  4. Which of the following mechanisms randomly alters allele frequency in a population? A. random mating B. genetic drift C. natural selection D. meiosis
  5. What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? A. There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas. B. Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending." C. Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F 1 than do dominant ones. D. Genes are composed of DNA.
  6. The ______________ within a population allow(s) the population to adapt to a changing environment. A. genetic variability B. rate of mutation C. random mating D. fixed alleles

20. In a comparison of lizards and mammals, having four legs is A. a shared primitive character B. a shared derived character C. an example of analogy rather than homology D. a character useful for distinguishing lizards from mammals

  1. Which statement about natural selection is most correct? A. Well-adapted individuals have a higher relative fitness than poorly adapted individuals B. Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should be beneficial in all other habitats as well. C. Two species that occupy the same habitat will adapt to that habitat by undergoing the same genetic changes D. Natural selection is the sole means by which populations can evolve E. Both A and D
  2. Which of the following is not sufficient on its own to cause speciation? A. sterile offspring B. ecological isolation C. geographic isolation D. gametic incompatibility
  3. Which pattern of mutation rate would be most helpful if one desires to use a molecular clock to determine evolutionary relatedness of two dog species? A. fast evolving, mtDNA genes B. slowly evolving rRNA genes C. any gene with a constant mutation rate D. any gene with an erratic mutation rate
  4. To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree A. choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable B. use only on the fossil record to construct a phylogeny, as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution C. choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either in DNA sequences or morphology, modeling the simplest explanation of events D. choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible Matching section (2pt each) Write your answer on your exam (not scantron). For each description of reproductive isolation, select the option that best describes it. A. gametic B. temporal C. behavioral D. habitat E. mechanical
  5. two species of firefly that breed in different seasons - B
  6. two species of meadowlarks with different mating songs – C

Choose the term that best matches the description below. Answers may be used only once. A. Pleiotropy B. Non-disjunction C. Epistasis D. Co-dominance E. Sympatric F. Allopatric G. Frequency Dependent Selection

  1. Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) results from this - B
  2. Term used to describe the condition when the heterozygote displays features of both the homozygous phenotypes - D
  3. Speciation that occurs when two populations are separated by a geographic barrier – F
  4. A mechanism that maintains genetic variability - G SHORT ANSWER (20pts):
  5. (3pts) A graceful (G -) female schmoo is mated to graceful (G -) male schmoo. Over several years, the schmoos produced 31 graceful and 11 gruesome (g) baby schmoos. What are the genotypes of both the parents and progeny. The offspring ratio is close to 3:1, which is what you would expect if both the parents were heterozygous. The parent schmoos are each Gg, the offspring are 31 graceful (GG and Gg), and 11 gruesome, which have to be gg.
  6. (4pts) The pedigree at right shows the inheritance pattern of a rare mutant phenotype in humans, congenital cataracts (filled in symbols). 32a. (2pts) What is the inheritance pattern of congenital cataracts (e.g., dominant, recessive, sex-linked)? ( Hint: When solving these problems, it’s helpful to choose one inheritance pattern and see if it works out by writing in example genotypes. ) Dominant 32b. (2pts) Imagine that person #5 in the second generation marries a man who does not have cataracts. Two of their four children, a boy and a girl, develop cataracts. What is the probability that their next child will be a girl with cataracts? ( show your math using rules of probability ) The probability their next child will be a girl and have cataracts is: ½ prob next child is a girl x ½ prob that the child of the parents (‘Aa x aa’) will have cataracts = 1/ (Explanation: We can assign ‘Aa’ to person #5. She marries a wt man “aa” and has four kids (these genotypes don’t really figure into the answer as we’ve already established inheritance pattern)1/2 of any progeny of an Aa x aa mating will have cataracts.
  1. (5pts) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on the following data, indicating where on the tree the derived characters evolved: E. Coli Bacterium Cauliflowe r Tun a Geck o Do g Hair 0 0 0 0 1 Four legs 0 0 0 1 1 Backbone 0 0 1 1 1 Eukaryotic cells 0 1 1 1 1
  2. ESSAY (8pts): Penguins have wings, but do not fly. Male peacocks have brightly colored tails, even though it may make it difficult to hide from predators. After millions of years of evolution, why aren’t organisms perfectly suited to their environment? (As part of your answer, please address the limits of selection.) One, natural selection favors only the fittest phenotype among those available, not the most perfect phenotype possible. New phenotypes don’t arise on demand. Two, evolution operates on traits already present. Three, adaptations are often compromises. Organisms have to do many things within the same environment, and sometimes selection for a given trait comes with problematic consequences. An example of this is sexual selection in peacocks for brightly colored tails in males, which may also attract predators. Four, mutations arise by chance and some evolutionary forces are a result of random change (genetic drift, gene flow). (OPTIONAL): The REPLACEMENT Question : (2pt) Please write a short answer question that you expected to see on this exam, but didn’t appear, then answer it. Please note: The question and answer must be significantly different from questions asked above and definitions of words, True/False, multiple choice questions are not acceptable. Question:

Answer: