PR2
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
● The scope specifies the coverage of your study
such as variables, population or participant, and
timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study
that are not included or excluded or those you will
not deal with in your study.
Components of Scope and Delimitation
The following are the components of the scope
and delimitation of the study but not limited to:
❑ Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be
included and excluded?
❑ Objectives or Problems to be
Addressed. Why are you doing this study?
❑ Time Frame. When are you going to conduct this
study?
❑ Locale of the Study. Where are you going to
gather your data?
❑ Characteristics of the Respondents.
Who will be your respondents?
❑ Method and Research Instruments. How
are going to collect the data?
Difference between Delimitation and Limitation of the
Study
● The limitation of the study describes the various
restrictions that are out of your control.
● On the other hand, the delimitations are
constraints in the study that are within your
control. An example of this are the variables
included and excluded in your study. The
delimitation defines the scope of your research
study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
● Terms should be defined in a research paper in
order for the researcher and the reader to be
thinking in terms of the same thing.
● Terms that are defined must be arranged
alphabetically. Moreover, before defining the
enumerated or listed terms there must be an
opening sentence or an introductory paragraph.
TWO KINDS OF DEFINITIONS:
1. Conceptual Definition.
● This is also known as constitutive definition, and
it is that which is given in dictionaries, and other
general information books.
● Example:
Drugs. These may refer to a substance or mixture
of substances used in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
of diseases or for the modification of physiological
function or prevention of pregnancy and which is
incorporate in an official list (Chaudhurri, 2003)
Study habits. The ways or activities an individual
learns.
2. Operational/ Functional Definition.
● This definition is the researcher’s own description
of the term/concept according to how the concept
is used in the study.
● Example:
Leadership styles. These refer to the style of
management practiced by the deans, which may be
autocratic or participative and measured by a Likert scale.
Study habits. As used in this research, these
pertain to the routinary study methods utilized by students
like memorization, use of the Internet, going to the library,
and peer review.
3. Terms that are defined conceptually and
operationally:
● Example:
Eating disorders. A group of behaviors fueled by
unresolved emotional conflicts, resulting in altered food
consumption (Grodner, 2005). As used in this study, it
pertains to the kind of food, frequency of eating, and
amount of intake consumption.
Personality. It refers to the sum total of the
qualities and characteristics of a person as shown in
his/her manners such as walking, talking, dressing, acting,
attitudes, interest, and ways of reacting to other people,
which are manifestations of his/her behavior thoughts, and
emotions.
DESCRIBING SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING
PROCEDURES
● A sample is a subset of the entire population or a
group of individuals that represents the population
and serves as the respondents of the study. It is
represented by a small letter n.
●Population refers to the entire group or set of
individuals or items which are the focus of an
investigation. It is represented by a big letter N.
●Target population refers to the group or set of
individuals or items from which or about which
representative information is originally desired.
SLOVIN’S FORMULA IN DETERMINING THE
SAMPLE SIZE
INFORMATION NEEDED IN USING THE
SLOVIN’S FORMULA.
●POPULATION (N) consists of members of a
group that a researcher is interested in studying
the members of a group that usually have common
or similar characteristics.
●Margin of error is the allowable error margin in
research. A confidence interval of 95% gives a
margin of error of 5%; a 98% gives a margin of
error of 2%; a 99% confidence interval gives a 1%
margin of error.
● The formula: n= N/1 +Ne2
● Where:
n = sample size
N = total population
e = margin of error
● Example:
A researcher wants to conduct a survey. If the
population of a big university is 35,000, find the sample
size if the margin of error is 5%.
Suppose you plan to conduct a study among 1,500
Grade 11 students enrolled in the STEM Track. How
many respondents are needed using a margin Of error of
2%
