Radiographic Image Analysis Ch.1 - Guidelines, Exams of Radiography

Radiographic Image Analysis Ch.1 - Guidelines

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/23/2024

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Radiographic Image Analysis Ch.1 - Guidelines
What are the 7 characteristics of an "optimal image" -
1. Demographic information
2. Correct markers in the appropriate position without superimposing volume of interest
3. Desired anatomic structures in accurate alignment with each other
4. Maximum geometric integrity
5. Appropriate radiation protection
6. Best possible contrast resolution with minimal noise
7. No preventable artifacts
T or F:
Display torso, vertebral, cranial shoulder shoulder and hip projections and hip projections as if the
patient were standing in an upright position. -
TRUE
T or F:
AP, PA, and AP-PA Oblique projections of the torso vertebrae and cranium are displayed are displayed
as if the viewer in the patient are facing one another. The right side of the patients image is on the
viewers left, and the left side of the patients image is on the viewers right. is on the viewers right. -
TRUE
T or F:
Accurately display lateral projections are displayed in the same manner as the technologist view the
patient when obtaining the projection. For a right lateral the patient faces the viewers left side in for a
left lateral the patient face of the viewers right side. -
TRUE
T or F: when a left lateral chest projection is displayed often reviewers prefer the left lateral projection
to be displayed as if taken in the right lateral projection. -
true
T or F: AP or PA lateral decubitus chest and abdomen projections are turned to be displayed so that the
side of the patient that was positioned upward with the projection was taken is upward on the displayed
projection. -
true
infero-superior axial shoulder and axiolateral hip projections are displayed so the patient's anterior
surfaces is _____, and the posterior surface is _______. -
up
down
T or F: extremity projections are displayed as if the viewers eyes were going through the projection in
the same manner the CR went through the extremity when the projection was taken. -
TRUE
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Radiographic Image Analysis Ch.1 - Guidelines

What are the 7 characteristics of an "optimal image" -

  1. Demographic information
  2. Correct markers in the appropriate position without superimposing volume of interest
  3. Desired anatomic structures in accurate alignment with each other
  4. Maximum geometric integrity
  5. Appropriate radiation protection
  6. Best possible contrast resolution with minimal noise
  7. No preventable artifacts T or F: Display torso, vertebral, cranial shoulder shoulder and hip projections and hip projections as if the patient were standing in an upright position. - TRUE T or F: AP, PA, and AP-PA Oblique projections of the torso vertebrae and cranium are displayed are displayed as if the viewer in the patient are facing one another. The right side of the patients image is on the viewers left, and the left side of the patients image is on the viewers right. is on the viewers right. - TRUE T or F: Accurately display lateral projections are displayed in the same manner as the technologist view the patient when obtaining the projection. For a right lateral the patient faces the viewers left side in for a left lateral the patient face of the viewers right side. - TRUE T or F: when a left lateral chest projection is displayed often reviewers prefer the left lateral projection to be displayed as if taken in the right lateral projection. - true T or F: AP or PA lateral decubitus chest and abdomen projections are turned to be displayed so that the side of the patient that was positioned upward with the projection was taken is upward on the displayed projection. - true infero-superior axial shoulder and axiolateral hip projections are displayed so the patient's anterior surfaces is _____, and the posterior surface is _______. - up down T or F: extremity projections are displayed as if the viewers eyes were going through the projection in the same manner the CR went through the extremity when the projection was taken. - TRUE

T or F: Display finger, wrist, and forearm projections as if the patient were hanging from the fingertips.

  • true T or F: Display elbow and humoral projections as if they were hanging from the patient's shoulder. - true T or F: Display toe and AP and AP oblique foot projections as if the patient or hanging from the toes. - true T or F: Display lateral foot, ankle, lower leg, knee, and femur projections as if they were hanging from the patient's hip. - true TIP: align the long axis of extremities with the longitudinal or transverse axis of the IR. - What is a Contrast Mask? - A post processing manipulation that can be added to digital projections as a means of helping the viewer to better evaluate contrast resolution in the selective area. How does a contrast mask work? - Adds a black background over the areas outside the VOI to eliminate them and provide a perceived enhancement of image contrast. T or F: when using contrast masking the technologist should only mask to the exposed area matching the collimation borders, even though it is possible to mask into the exposed areas. - TRUE What are the 5 demographic requirements? -
    1. Correct patient's name
  1. Age or birthdate
  2. Identification number
  3. Facilities name
  4. Examination time and date Are markers radiopaque or radiolucent? - radiopaque T or F: whenever possible, place the marker directly on the IR or tabletop in face-up position - true T or F: you can place the marker directly on the patient's skin - false T or F: For lateral projections of the torso, vertebrae, and cranium you may place the marker anteriorly or posteriorly. - true

T or F: If a part is not in direct contact with the IR, use the shadow of the object projected onto the IR to prevent clipping. - true

  • AT a 40 inch SID, the divergence of x-rays is _____ degrees for every inch off centred in any direction from the CR. - 2 degrees
  • AT 72 inch SID, beam divergence is off centred about _____ degree for every inch. - 1 degree T or F: to obtain optimal projections for bilateral parts, take separate exposures with the CR centred to each structure. - TRUE T or F: the larger the SID, the less magnification there will be - TRUE to keep magnification at a minimum, use the __________ possible OID, and the ___________ possible SID - shortest longest What is elongation? - Occurs when one of the structures axes appears disproportionately longer on the projection than the opposite axis. What are 3 things that cause elongation of a part? -
  1. the greater the off-centering
  2. the greater the CR angulation
  3. the greater the angle of the IR When does the least amount of elongation occur? - CR perpendicular to part and IR IR and part parallel to each other What is foreshortening? - When one of the structures axes appears disproportionately shorter on the projection than the opposite axis. When does foreshortening occur? - When the CR and IR are perpendicular, but the part is angled/inclined
  • greater the incline, greater the foreshortening 4 things that increase detailed sharpness of an image -
  1. Use a small focal spot
  2. shortest OID
  3. controlling motion
  1. longest SID low blur = ________ sharpness high blur = ____________ sharpness - high detailed sharpness low detailed sharpness increase in focal size = ___________ in sharpness - increase What is focal spot? - the area of the target from which x-rays are emitted the _________ the SID, the sharper the details - longer
  • the beams recording the detail edges are nearer to the CR and recorded with straighter x-rays. the ___________ the OID, the sharper the details - shorter
  • the remnant beam will continue to spread, widening the blurred area as a diverges to the IR. Voluntary motion vs. Involuntary Motion. How are they both controlled? - Voluntary : breathing or moving on purpose
  • explaining procedure to patient
  • using short exposure times
  • using positioning devices Involuntary: movement that patient cannot control
  • use shortest possible exposure time What is a double-exposure? - May occur with computed radiography when two projections are exposed on the same IR cassette without processing having being done between the exposures. What is spacial resolution? - The ability of an imaging system to distinguish small adjacent details from each other in a projection. What is spatial frequency? - Refers to the number of details that can clearly be visualized in a set amount of space. spatial frequency is directly related to _______ size - pixel T or F: each pixel can only visualize one shade of grey - true

When doses to patients begin to creep up due to R.T.s taking for granted that the computer will correct for overexposure, or the fear that they will produce projections with quantum noise.