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Radiographic image analysis chapter 1 and 2, Exams of Radiography

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Radiography

Radiographic image analysis chapter 1 and 2

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/23/2024

CarlyBlair
CarlyBlair ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

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Radiographic image analysis chapter 1 and 2
The patient demographic requirements for radiographic images include all of the following except: -
Technologist identification
Which of the following is true about image markers
1. They are radiopaque
2. They should be reversed before being placed on the IR.
3. They should be positioned as close to the median plane as possible.
4. They will be magnified is positioned on the imaging table or patient -
1 and 4 only
What is the marker placement for the projection of lateral vertebrae -
Anteriorly identifying the side position closer to the IR
What is the market place mat for the PA projection cranium -
Laterally on the side being identified
What is the marker placement for the projection of PA oblique vertebrae -
Laterally identifying the side situated closer to the IR
What is the marker placement of the projection of lateral hand -
Anywhere within the exposure field
Which guideline should be used to position the identification plate -
Position the ID plate toward the direction in which the central ray was angled
Good collimation practices will do all the following except -
Reduce the visibility of recorded details
Elongation occurs in all of the following situations except when -
Central ray and I are are perpendicular and the part is angled
For an open joint base to be obtain the central ray must be aligned โ€”โ€”โ€” to the joint -
Parallel
When is essential right angle, the structure situated โ€”โ€” is projected the most -
Farther away from the IR
Three images were obtained on the same structure with the computed radiography system. Image one
was obtain using a 48 inch source image receptor distance (SID) and a 5 inch object image receptor
distance (OID) image to was a chain using a 48 inch SID in a 3 inch OD and immature he was obtained
with a 48 inch SID the 3 inch OID and a larger IR. Which image would demonstrate the sharpest
recorded detail? -
Image 2
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Radiographic image analysis chapter 1 and 2

The patient demographic requirements for radiographic images include all of the following except: - Technologist identification Which of the following is true about image markers

  1. They are radiopaque
  2. They should be reversed before being placed on the IR.
  3. They should be positioned as close to the median plane as possible.
  4. They will be magnified is positioned on the imaging table or patient - 1 and 4 only What is the marker placement for the projection of lateral vertebrae - Anteriorly identifying the side position closer to the IR What is the market place mat for the PA projection cranium - Laterally on the side being identified What is the marker placement for the projection of PA oblique vertebrae - Laterally identifying the side situated closer to the IR What is the marker placement of the projection of lateral hand - Anywhere within the exposure field Which guideline should be used to position the identification plate - Position the ID plate toward the direction in which the central ray was angled Good collimation practices will do all the following except - Reduce the visibility of recorded details Elongation occurs in all of the following situations except when - Central ray and I are are perpendicular and the part is angled For an open joint base to be obtain the central ray must be aligned โ€”โ€”โ€” to the joint - Parallel When is essential right angle, the structure situated โ€”โ€” is projected the most - Farther away from the IR Three images were obtained on the same structure with the computed radiography system. Image one was obtain using a 48 inch source image receptor distance (SID) and a 5 inch object image receptor distance (OID) image to was a chain using a 48 inch SID in a 3 inch OD and immature he was obtained with a 48 inch SID the 3 inch OID and a larger IR. Which image would demonstrate the sharpest recorded detail? - Image 2

Three images were obtained on the same structure with the computer the radiography system. Image one was obtained using a 48 inch source image receptor distance (SID) and a 5 inch object image receptor distance (OID). Image to was obtain using a 48 inch(SID) and a 3 inch (OID) and image three was obtained with a 40 inch SID and a 3 inch 0ID and a larger IR. Which image would demonstrate the greatest size distortion? - Image 1 A small focal spot should be used for each of the following situations except when - The Mili amperage setting is above 300 And image demonstrating motion in adequate density was obtained using 100 mA at 0.5 seconds. If the time is changed to 0.25 seconds what mA should be used to maintain density? - 200 mA Anatomical relationships are affected by:

  1. Varying degrees of patient of liquidy and flexion
  2. Off centering
  3. Geometrical factors of magnification elongation, and foreshortening 4.Similar structures of shape and size - None of the above Good collimating practices result in which of the following?
  4. Reduces histogram analysis errors
  5. Clearly delineates the VOI
  6. Improve the visibility of recorded details by reducing the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the IR
  7. Decreases the radiation dosage by limiting the amount of scatter from the patient - 1,2, and 3 only Minimizing size distortion is accomplished by which of the following:
  8. Using the longest feasible SID
  9. Using the shortest possible OID
  10. Decreasing the angle of the CR
  11. Placing the part as close to the IR as possible - 1, 2 and 4 only Collimation guidelines include all of the following except for :
  12. Chest and abdomen projections collimate within 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the patient's skin line
  13. Extremity projections Colome within 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) of the skin line of the thickest VOI
  14. Chest and abdomen projections call me within 0.50 inches (1.25 cm) of the IR edge.
  15. Collimating structures within the torso bring the collimated borders to within 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the VOI. - 1 and 3 The medial and lateral for moral condyle's are not superimposed on the lateral knee projection. The larger lateral condyle is 1 inch (2.5 cm) anterior to the medial condyle. The best way to correct this error is to : - Increase the CR angle to accommodate for the larger condyle
  1. If the digital system matrix is a smaller than the display stations matrix as the value of surrounding pixel will be average to display the whole image.
  2. To display images at full resolution display monitor must be able to display the same number of pixels as Those at which the digital system acquired the image
  3. Display station resolution refers to the maximum number of pixels that the screen can demonstrate
  4. The technologist workstation display monitors typically demonstrate resolution as high as that of the radiologist display monitor - 1, 2, and 3 only To properly display extremity projections, display:
  5. Finger wrist and forearm projections as if the patient were hanging from the fingertips
  6. Elbow in humeral projections as if they were hanging from the patient shoulder
  7. Toe and AP and PA oblique foot projections as if the patient were hanging from the toes
  8. Lateral foot, ankle , lower leg and femur projections as if the were hanging from the patients hip - 1, 2, 3, and 4 Placing a marker directly on the table top
  9. Avoid marker distortion and magnification
  10. Prevent scatter radiation from under cutting the marker
  11. Ensures the marker will not be projected off the IR
  12. Attenuates most but not all of incident x-rays - 1, 2, and 3 only A post processing manipulation that can be added to digital projection as a means of helping the viewer to better evaluate contrast resolution in the selected area is - Contrast mask All of the following statements with regard to an English CR or divergent beams used to record an object are true except - Angling the CR will not affect how the anatomical structures will appear on a projection The most common shape distortion is - Elongation The quality of spatial resolution of a digital imaging system is mainly defined by :
  13. The size of a matrix
  14. The size of the pixel within the matrix
  15. The spatial frequency
  16. Lance pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) - 1 and 2 only Two structures are 4.5 inches apart and out of super imposition 2.5 inches. To bring them into super imposition, the CR should be and angled โ€”- degrees - 20 To shield the female gonads properly :
  17. Use a flat contacts shield made of at least 0.5 mm of lead
  18. Use a flat contact short cut to the shape of the inlet pelvis
  1. The dimensions of the shield use are determined by the OID and SID and by the size of the patients pelvis.
  2. The entire inlet pelvis should be shielded - 2, 3 , and 4 only Gonadal shielding is recommended in which of the following situations?
  3. When the girl nerds are within 2 inches( 5 cm) of the primary x-ray beam
  4. If the patient is of reproductive age
  5. When they go natural she'll does not cover the VOI
  6. When any radiosensitive cells are in the primary beam - 1, 2 , and 3 only Effective radiation protection practices include all of the following except :
    1. Effective communication and immobilization devices
  7. Maintaining minimum source of skin distances (SSD)
  8. Oscillating grids in contact shields
  9. Collimation and minimizing technical factors - 1, 2 and 4 only The following statements with regard to the spatial resolution in a DR system are true except :
  10. DR systems have spatial regulations capabilities of approximately 3.7 LP/MM
  11. Spatial resolution is affected by the size of the DEL's and the spacing between them
  12. Changing the size of the exposure field (collimation) does not affect spatial resolution
  13. As the DEL's Become larger the spatial resolution capability increases - 1, 2 and 3 only Diagnostic imaging professionals have a responsibility to adhere to effective radiation protection practices for which of the following reasons?
  14. The risk of cancer from radiological examination accumulates over a lifetime
  15. To limit the risk of non-Stochastic effects to a reasonable level compared to the non-radiation risk and in relation to societies needs benefits gained and economic factors
  16. Good patient care Standards dictate the use of effective radiation protection practice
  17. Continually evaluating one's radiation protection guidelines for diagnostic radiology assume every linear or non-threshold, dose- risk relationship - 1, 2 and 4 only A rotating collimator head:
  18. Can be rotated without rotating the entire tube column on DR systems.
  19. Does not affect the alignment of the beam with the grid
  20. Allows the technologist to increase collimating on projections when the longitudinal or transverse axis of the IR
  21. Should be avoided when using computed radiography because it may affect the exposure field recognition process. - 1, 2, 3 and 4 Two structure are 2.5 inches apart and out of super imposition of 1.5 inches. To bring them into super imposition, the CR should be angled โ€”- degrees - 15

Percentage of KVP adjustment devils the density on an image? - 15% To the following technical factors is primarily Used to regulate contrast - kVp Which technical factor Listed below is primarily used to regulate density? - mAs The patient's knee is unable to extend Fully for an AP lower leg projection, causing the lower like to be at a 20ยฐ angle with the IR. The projection should be obtained with a โ€”- degrees central ray angle and โ€”- Degree lower leg to IR table - 10, 10 Which of the following patient condition demonstrates low subject contrast - Obesity Which of the following patients conditions demonstrates Low subject contrast - Fluid retention caused by disease Which of the following patient conditions demonstrate high subject contrast - Dense tumors Which of the following patient conditions demonstrate low subject contrast - High fat content Which of the following patient condition demonstrates high subject contrast - Dense bones Which of the following patient condition demonstrates low subject contrast - High fat content In what order should the following task be performed during a trauma examination?

  1. Obtain required projections
  2. Return the patient
  3. Disinfect the equipment, IRs and positioning devices
  4. Determine the projections that will be needed
  5. Gather and organize equipment, IOR and positioning devices and other supplies
  6. Process in evaluate the projections
  7. Determine Patient mobility alertness and ability to follow request - 4,5,7,1,6,2, Technologist can assist the exposure field recognition process with making multiple exposures on the IR by
  8. Masking the unused portion of the IR with lead sheets
  9. Ensuring the body part is centered within each exposure field
  10. Increasing the distance between exposure fieldS
  11. Maintaining Equidistance and keeping collimation parallel with the edge of the IR - 1,2,3 and 4

Total saturation is seen when โ€”โ€”- The ideal I are exposure is reached - 8 to 10 times Quantum noise can affect edge discrimination and contrast resolution. The only way to decrease quantum noise is to increase the eye our exposure by:

  1. Increasing kV
  2. Increasing mAs
  3. Decreasing kV
  4. Decreasing mAs - 1 and 2 only Additive disease processes that would require at least a 35% increase in MA include all of the following except - Paget's disease Underexposed projections that require repeating are identified by all of the following except:
  5. Quantum noise is present
  6. The VOI demonstrates a loss of a contrast resolution
  7. The EI number indicates less than optimal exposure and no histogram error has occurred
  8. The overall image is gray - 1,2 and 3 Best practice guidelines for the use of automatic exposure control include all of the following except:
  9. Set the optimum kV for the body part
  10. Set the backup timer to 150% to 200% of the expected manual exposure
  11. Set the highest MA station for the focal spot size needed
  12. Wide collimation will insure IR coverage - 2 and 3 only The amount of light produce in each pixel in the matrixโ€”โ€” to the amount of energy that was โ€”โ€”- in that area of the IP during the acquisition process - Equivalent and stored Technical considerations for abdominal imaging of obese patients include all of the following except
  13. Increasing the kV will increase the potential ability of the photons
  14. Increasing KV will increase the amount of scatter radiation directed toward the IR
  15. mAs should be double for every 2 cm of added tissue
  16. kV he should be increased by two for every 2 cm of added tissue - 1 and 2 only The anode Hill effect
  17. Should be considered when the structure of interest is more than 43 inches long
  18. Is a variation in photon intensity across the exposure field
  19. Occurs because the heel of the anode absorbs more photons than the toe
  20. Is best used with the thinner body toward the cathode - 2 and 3 only Exposure indicators
  1. Heart monitoring lines - 1 and 4 only If the image histogram is wider than the LUT's histogram, all of the following are true except the algorithm would - Narrow the histogram Saturation indicates - Overexposed of the IR An exposure recognition field algorithm is applied to the image data to:
  2. Distinguish the gray shade values inside the exposure field for those on the outside
  3. Ensure the histogram has the correct shape
  4. Identify the volume of interest before rescaling
  5. Identify the volume of interest after rescaling
  6. Reshape the histogram - 1, 2, and 3 only All of the following are true about windowing excerpt - Window level adjustments change the contrast of the image All of the following are true about histogram analysis errors except - Fog values outside exposure field, but include the VOR, do not cause widening of the histogram All the following are true about quantum noise except - Quantum noise is visualize when the exposure indicator number is higher than the ideal exposure values Which of the following is not part of the electronic components located in the DEL - Matrix How many shades of gray can each pixel in a digital matrix display - One Which of the following CR cassette sizes will provide the great recorded detail - 8x10 inch All of the following are true about the space station resolution except - The technologies display monitor has superior resolution compared with that used by the radiologist When is the examination or body parts selected when using the DR system - Before the radiation exposure At what level is the exposure indicator reading taken on the VOI - Halfway between S1 and S The exposure indicator number represent all the following except -

Measure of dose to the patient All of the following are guidelines for producing multiple image histograms except - Use the smallest possible IR and cover at least 50% of it All of the following may result in histogram analysis errors except - Motion What is the location on a histogram graph of soft tissue - Center What is the location on a histogram graph of a fat - Right What is the location on a histogram graph of contrast/metal - Left What is the location on a histogram graph of bone - Left What is the location on a histogram graph of background brightness - Far right What is the location on a histogram graph of air/gas - Right The light collected and converted to an electrical signal by the photomultiplier tube (PMT) during CR image sampling isn't sent to the โ€”โ€”- to be digitized - ADC ( analog-to-converter)