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NURS-5366 MODULE 1 QUIZ- - 407 - PRINC-OF-
RESEARCH-IN-NURSING 2023 University of Texas,
Arlington
- Question 1
What is the relationship between a conceptual definition and anoperational
definition?
Answer s:
a.
The conceptual definition is concrete, and the operational
definition is abstract.
b.
The operational definition allows the researcher to create ameasurable
variable from a concept.
c.
They are the same, in most instances.
Response Feedback:
Operationalizing a variable or a concept involves developing conceptual and
operational definitions. A conceptual definition provides the theoretical
meaning of a concept or variable. The conceptualdefinition provides a
basis for formulating an operational definition. An operational
definition is derived from a set of procedures and progressive acts
that a researcher performs either to manipulate an independent
variable or to measure the existence or degree of existence of the
dependent variable.
p.
- Question 2
Sources of research topics often come from research priorities developed by professional organizations and funding agencies. Which of the following is anexample of a research priority in healthcare?
Answer s:
a. Effective and appropriate use of technology to achieve optimal patientassessment, management and/or outcomes b. Promotion of literacy in preschoolers c. Vaccination of all children regardless of parents’ religious beliefs Response (^) p. Feedback: (^24)
- Question 3
Why is operational reasoning necessary for research?
Answer
s:
a. S t a n d a r d i n t e r v e n t i o n s a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m o p e r a t i o n a l r e a
soning. b. It facilitates the researcher’s rapport with families
purpose often indicates the type of study to be conducted (descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental) andusually includes the variables, population, and setting for the study. p. 48
- Question 5
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between researchand practice?
Answer s:
a. Practice limits nursing research to issues that are patient-centered. b. Practice does not affect research, but research affects practice. c. Research knowledge, combined with experiential wisdom, constitutes thebase for practice. Response Feedback:
p. 1 1
- Question 6
A researcher who desires to determine the cause-and-effect relationship
between the use of a new car seat restraint and the subsequent rate of
children’s spinal cord injury will utilize which formof nursing research?
Answer s:
a.
Quantitative
research
b.
Descriptive
research
c.
Qualitative
research
Response Feedback:
Quantitative research , the most frequently used method, is aformal,
objective, systematic methodology to describe variables, test
relationships, and examine cause-and-effect interactions.
Quantitative research includes experimental research, which is the
method for testing cause-and-effect relationships between and
among specific variables.
Qualitative research methods are used for explaining meanings and
describing experiences in context. Descriptiveresearch involves
identifying and understanding the nature of phenomena and,
sometimes, the relationships among them. Outcomes research
examines the end result of care in huge populations, most often
retrospectively, using a
database. page
- Question 7
Control occurs when the researcher imposes “rules” to decrease the possibility of error and thus increases the probability that the study’s findings are an accurate reflection of reality. Which type of research design has the highest level of control ina study? Answer s:
a. Descriptive research b. Correlational research c. Experimental research d. Quasi-experimental research Response Feedback:
Control occurs when the researcher imposes “rules” to decrease the possibility of error and thus increases the probability that the study’s findings are an accurate reflection of reality. Descriptive and correlational studies are usually conducted with minimal control of the study design, because subjects are examined as they exist. In experimental research, the independent and dependent variables are highly controlled, the researcher exerts high control over the planning and implementation of the study, and often these studies are conductedin a laboratory setting on animals or objects. If a research study randomly assigns subjects to two different groups, applies an intervention to one of the groups, and then measures both groups and compares them, it is experimental design.
p.
- Question 8
A research study contains the following in its Introduction section: “This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day,in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia ......... Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. The claim that massage increases total hours of sleep has beeninadequately researched ..................................................... Does massage increase the total number of hours of daily sleep? ......... It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. The study’s causational explanation was based on the physiologic matrix of McCarthy, which includes effects of endorphins onsleep, learning ability, pain, digestive function, and cardiac output ............................................... It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleep-deprived, and that endorphins mediatedthe changes observed.” What is the research problem?
Answer a.
- Question 10
A nurse researcher works on a subacute orthopedic hospital floor. She notes
that elders with knee replacements sleep as many as 16 hours aday, waking
only for physical therapy and meal. She also notices that those with many
visitors sleep fewer hours and seem to experience more pain. She wonders
whether sleep in elders after knee replacement prevents pain, or whether
elders select the coping strategy of sleeping more, in response to pain. She
wants to identify the possible relationship between sleep and pain so she
conducts a literature search which reveals only three descriptive studies on
this topic (one quantitative and two qualitative). What is “the relationship
between elders’ hours of sleep following knee replacement and its relationship
with report of pain”?
Answer s:
a.
The research purpose
b.
The researchquestion
c.
The researchproblem
Response Feedback:
Research topics are concepts, phenomena of interest, or broad
problem areas that researchers can focus on to enhance evidence-
based nursing. A research problem is an area of concern where
there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice.
Research topics contain numerous potential research problems,
and each problem provides the basis for developing many research
purposes. p
- Question 11
What is the first step in the critical appraisal of a study? Answer s:
a. Determine the strengths and weaknesses b. Identifying the research design c. Discussing the implications for nursingpractice d. Identification of the steps of the researchprocess Response Feedback:
p.
- Question 12
A researcher studies the effect upon dental caries formation of a year-long regimenof daily rinsing with a particularly noxious-flavored oral solution, only to discover than 285 of the 300 subjects in the study have withdrawn from it by the end of the first month. Which step in the research process was not properly undertaken?
Answer s:
a. Performing a pilot study b. Selecting study variables c. Conducting the literature review d. Defining the purpose Response Feedback:
A pilot study is commonly defined as a smaller version of a proposed study conducted to refine the methodology. It is developed much like theproposed study, using similar subjects, the same setting, the same treatment, and the same data collection and analysis techniques. Some of the reasons for conducting pilot studies are to determine feasibility, to develop a treatment or intervention, to develop an implementation protocol, to identify problems with the design, to evaluate the sampling method, to examine instrument reliability or validity, to refine instruments, to refine plans for data collection and analysis, to provide research experience, and to evaluate data analysis techniques. p. 54
- Question 13
A researcher conducts a study to determine the effectiveness of a special program ofsensitivity training for nurse managers upon several outcomes, all related to the staff’s ability to identify and intervene appropriately when medication errors occur. This is an example of what type of quantitative research?
Answer s:
a. Qualitative research b. Applied research c. Basic research d. Descriptive research Response Feedback:
Applied, or practical, research is a scientific investigation conducted to generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice. The purpose of applied research is to solve problems, to make decisions, or to predict or control outcomes. Basic, or pure, research is a
Response Feedback:
The right to self-determination holds that because humans are capable of self- determination, or controlling their own destiny, they should be treated as autonomous agents who have the freedom to conduct their lives as they choose without external controls. Privacy is an individual’sright to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances under which personal information will be shared with or withheld from others. Justice holds that each person should be treated fairly and shouldreceive what he or she is due or owed. The right to protection from discomfort and harm is based on the ethical principle of beneficence, which holds that one should do good and,above all, do noharm. p. 162
- Question 16
Hospital nurses are observed in order to determine exactly how long nurses swab IVports with alcohol. Because they are being observed, they “scrub the hub” longer than they ordinarily would have. This is an example of what threat to validity of the the study design relevant to quantitative research?
Answer s:
a. Bias b. Hawthorne effect c. Inaccurate operationalization of variables d. Control Response Feedback:
Subjects’ knowledge of a study could influence their behavior and possibly alter the research outcomes. This threatens the validity or accuracy of the study design. An example of this type of threat to designvalidity is the Hawthorne effect, which was identified during the classic experiment at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company during the 1920s and 1930s. The employees at this plant exhibited a particular psychological response when they became research participants: they changed their behavior simply because they were subjects in a study, not because of the research treatment.
- Question 17
A researcher conducting a study to examine linkages among age, gender, driver’slicense suspension, and zip code poverty, educational level, and income, sourced from the records of the State Department of Motor Vehicles, is using which of the following types of research?
Answer s:
a. Correlational research
b. Descriptive research
c. Triangulation d. Problem solving Response Feedback :
Through descriptive research, concepts are described and relationships are identified but not examined. A researcher conducting a study to examine linear relationships between two or more variables is using thequantitative research process for correlational research. In descriptive and correlational studies, no treatment is administered, so the study design centers on describing variables, examining relationships, and improving the precision of measurement. In descriptive research concepts are explored and phenomena are described in real-life situations. This approach is used to generate new knowledge about concepts or topics about which limited or no research has been conducted. In correlational research linear relationships between two or more variables are explored and the strength between variables is quantified. p. 39, 208
- Question 18
Researchers who select a quantitative design for their study want to
Answer s:
a. determine the strength of the relationship between the independent anddependent variable. b. generate a new theory. c. provide a framework for studying cultures. Response p Feedback: 37
- Question 19
What does a quantitative research instrument measure?
Answer s:
a.
Itself, for validity
b.
A study variable
c.
A statistical test
d.
The level of
measurement
Response Feedback:
When conducting a quantitative study, the researcher attempts to usethe most precise instruments available to measure the study variables. p. 105
