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When transforming statements, it is necessary to change: o Pronouns: depending on who says what. Example: She says, “ My dad likes roast chicken.” She says that HER dad likes roast chicken. o Tenses:
Present Simple He said: "I am happy" Past Simple He said that he was happy. Present Continuous He said: " I'm looking for my keys" Past Continuous He said that he was looking for his keys. Past Simple He said: "I visited New York last year" Past Perfect He said that he had visited New York the previous year. Present Perfect He said: " I've lived here for a long time " Past Perfect He said that he had lived there for a long time.
May “I may travel” Might She said she might travel. o Place, demonstratives and time expressions. They change if the context of the reported statement is different from that of the direct speech. Direct speech Indirect speech Time expressions today that day now then yesterday the day before … days ago … days before last week the week before next year the following year tomorrow the next day / the following day Place here there Demonstratives this that these those
In reported questions the subject comes before the verb, as in affirmative statements. We do not use auxiliary verbs or question marks. Changes to verb tenses and pronouns are the same as for statements. yes/no questions Subject + reporting verb + whether/if + subject + verb ‘Has she got a car?’ he asked me if she had got a car. wh- questions Subject + reporting verb + wh- word + subject + verb ‘Where do you live?’ she asked me where I lived. SAY is followed by that: She said that ... She said to me that … TELL is followed by an indirect object: She told me that…
