LENGUA INGLESA I Prof. Ángela Alameda Hernández
UNIT 4 WORDS
CLOSED WORD-CLASSES
DETERMINATIVES
SYNTAX (function)
Determiner in NP
(they introduce NPs)
TYPES - Article: a, the
- Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
- Indefinite: some, several, many, few, little
- Possessive: his, their…
- Enumerator: one, thirty-one, second, third…
PRONOUNS
SYNTAX (function)
H in NP
At clause level, they can function as S and O.
(remember that for some grammarians, pronouns are considered a sub-class
of nouns)
TYPES - Personal: I, me…
- Possessive: mine, yours…
- Reflexive: himself, herself…
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Indefinite: everyone, none, someone, some, nothing…
- Demonstrative: this, that…
- Interrogative: who, whom, what, which…
- Relative: who, that, which…
PREPOSITIONS
SYNTAX (function)
They introduce PP
(remember that PP= prep + NP)
MEANING They usually express relations of possession, time, place, etc.
e.g of, after, in, behind, above, about, since, with, down, up,
past, for, around, among, as, at…
Notice that some of these forms can also function as adverbs.
CONJUNCTIONS
SYNTAX (function)
They are introductory linking words that link phrases or
clauses.
e.g: - Pass me a pencil or a pen.
- She likes France but she has never been there.
- I will be happy, if Tom succeeds.
TYPES - Coordinating: and, or, but, nor, neither,
+ Correlative coordinating conjunctions: both…and,
either…or, neither…nor.
- Subordinating: after, although, as, before, that, than,
when, while, before, if, in order that, except that, as
far as, as soon as, rather than, as if…
+ Correlative subordinating conjunctions: if…then,
although…yet.
