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OUTCOMES Advanced Answer Key
01 CITIES
pp. 8- 9 Vocabulary: A: 1 vibrant 2 dangerous 3 well-run
4 polluted 5 affluent 6 spotless
7 congested 8 sprawling 9 run-down
C:
1 filthy spotless 2 deprived affluent
3 dull vibrant 4 chaotic well-run 5 compact sprawling 6 safe dangerous
Listening: C: 1 a took me by surprise b like there’s no tomorrow c a bit of a downside d Sounds pretty grim e have its drawbacks 2 a that sort of place b more of a music scene c wouldn’t consider going back d get me wrong e were to settle down
pp. 10 - 11 Vocabulary: A: 1 undergone 2 emerged 3 overcome 4 demolished
5 regenerated 6 tripled 7 declined 8 flourishing
Grammar: A : 1 have been – perfect infinitive after may – used with for + a period of time; something which started in the past and is still true now. May always be would refer to the future – not possible here. 2 have fallen – present perfect simple with a period of time which started in the past and continues now; have dipped – future perfect with by + point in time showing a time limit or deadline for the action or state. Fall would refer to present – not possible with over the last 20 years. Dip would be future simple. This is possible but future perfect more likely with by. 3 Both possible but past perfect emphasises change in 1976. 4 having been – because the process of rebuilding is complete. Being not possible with since. 5 have contributed – perfect infinitive – refers to an action or state which began in the past and has continued up to the present. Contribute not possible with over the last twenty years. 6 was – because it is a permanent state; he’d been would suggest he was no longer from Dortmund.
B:
1 continuing state 2 finished action 3 finished state
4 finished action 5 continuing action 6 continuing state
Listening: A: The main point is that different people define recovery in different ways. It is important that people’s way of life survives after a disaster as well as rebuilding a city physically.
B:
1 the hurricane = it was devastating 2 rubble and shelter = they are clearing rubble and providing shelter 3 an opportunity = some politicians say this is an opportunity to rebuild the city 4 fishing villages and the tsunami = they were largely replaced by hotels and tourism after the tsunami 5 Chicago = after the fire in the 19th century the city was rebuilt and a lot of people died in the reconstruction
pp. 12 - 13 Reading: B: 1 Folklore is defined as stories which are often repeated many times and often gradually change or become more exaggerated with each re-telling. 2 Urban myths can be analysed structurally or from a literary point of view, culturally or psychologically. 3 Urban myths are usually about crime, accidents or death. 4 We create these stories to help us deal with our fear and anxieties about the world. 5 Popular myths spread quickly because of boredom, or because people want to express their anxieties, get attention, harm others or make small talk / entertain.
C:
1 offer = give, provide 2 undergo = experience 3 voice = express 4 explores = analyses 5 spread = disseminate 6 remains = is still 7 decode = interpret 8 emerge = come out of
Collocations: 1 remains meaningful 2 undergo variations 3 decode the meanings 4 explores historical, social and economic contexts 5 spread stories 6 emerge from deep rooted fears 7 offer lessons 8 voice personal worries
Vocabulary: A: give or take here and there
sick and tired peace and quiet
B:
1 on and off 2 by and large 3 now and then 4 peace and quiet
5 long and hard 6 here and there 7 sick and tired 8 give or take
02 CULTURE AND IDENTITY
pp. 14 - 15 Vocabulary: B: 1 family / community life 2 religion 3 bureaucracy 4 crime 5 climate 6 crime
7 religion 8 bureaucracy 9 climate 10 cultural life 11 family / community life 12 cultural life
C:
1 positive and negative 2 positive and negative 3 positive 4 positive 5 positive 6 negative
7 positive 8 negative 9 negative 10 positive 11 negative 12 negative
Listening: B: Conversation 1 1 F – also accept not given (NG) – she thinks it would be challenging 2 F – it’s very close-knit 3 T – that wasn’t my experience of the place (that it was a male-dominated society) 4 T – they’re not the best drivers in the world 5 F – it wasn’t that that bothered me
Conversation 2 6 F – they go absolutely crazy 7 T – the arts scene is thriving 8 F – I’d expected a lot more state control … some of the topics are very politically sensitive 9 T – a film … dealing with corruption and … people always having to pay bribes 10 F – the economy is doing so well
pp. 18 - 19 Speaking: Suggested Answers How things are connected to British culture: God Save the Queen – national anthem fish and chips – typical ‘British’ food curry – most popular food in Britain kilts – Scottish people wear them the Costa del Sol in Spain – very popular holiday destination for Britons ballet – classical dance form that is still highly regarded in UK hip-hop – popular contemporary dance / music /culture / fashion, from the 1980s in UK football – very popular sport in UK bowler hats – old fashioned hats men used to wear in UK Shakespeare – very famous British writer, born in Stratford-on-Avon Islam – fastest growing religion in the UK punk – music / fashion / culture rebelling against authority, which emerged in UK in 1970s cricket – ‘traditional’ British sport Harrods – world-famous luxury department store in London car boot sales – popular, informal, form of market where people come together to sell their old things, mainly household / garden items and clothes St George’s Day – day to celebrate England’s national saint – not a public holiday Easter – one of the major Christian festivals of the year Jamaica – Jamaican population celebrates once a year at the Notting Hill Carnival in London
Listening: A: 1 Vaughan: God save the Queen, St George’s Day – he is Welsh and not English and prefers to be thought of as a republican i.e. is not keen on God Save The Queen or St George’s Day. 2 Amir: fish and chips, Islam (Muslim), cricket, Costa del Sol – he is Muslim but runs a fish and chip shop. He sees himself as British but still supports Pakistan in the cricket (just as Brits on the Costa del Sol would support England in a football match against Spain).
3 Emily: bowler hats, Harrods, Shakespeare, curry, hip-hop – some people believe all English people wear bowlerhats, shop at Harrods and recite Shakespeare, but in fact they might be into curry or hip-hop – everyone has their own idea of what British culture means.
B:
1 Vaughan 2 Emily
3 Amir 4 Emily
5 Amir 6 Vaughan
Vocabulary: B: 1 It’s no big thing also it’s no big deal it’s not very important 2 It’s not the done thing it’s not appropriate behaviour 3 chance would be a fine thing I would have to be very lucky to be able to do that 4 It’s the furthest thing from my mind at the moment I’m not even thinking about it 5 first thing in the morning early, when I first wake up 6 It’s the sort of thing it’s something 7 what with one thing and another taking in to account a number of factors 8 just one thing led to another (often without just) - events naturally followed each other, were not planned
Reading: B: 3, 4, 7, 8
03 REALTIONSHIPS
pp. 20 - 21 Vocabulary: A: incompetent = negative direct = could be either depending on context / how it’s said a snob (not an adjective; adjective = snobbish) = negative absent-minded = negative quite hard work = negative bitchy = negative laid-back = positive (usually) principled = positive strong-willed = negative (usually) thick-skinned = positive (usually)
B: a 4 b 9 c 7 d 5 e 8 f 3 g 10 h 1 i 2 j 6
Listening: A: Conversation 1 A colleague – incompetent, defensive, arrogant, full of himself, blames other people Conversation 2 A famous musician – principled, decent, hardworking or fake, exploitative (depending on point of view) Conversation 3 New neighbours – in a student house – guy next door – quiet (keeps himself to himself); girl – nice, bright, chatty but selfish; guy – pleasant but lazy (a slacker) and laid-back
B:
1 a dragging b gets, puts up c go over 2 a comes across b got c raise 3 a hit (it) off b hogs c strikes
Grammar: A: 1 They’ll probably buy a new one. 2 It should arrive some time next week. 3 I think it was your own fault, to be honest. 4 I couldn’t agree more with you on that. 5 Surely most people can see through the marketing. 6 It can’t have been that hard to organise.
B:
1, 4 requests (though 4 is a very sarcastic one) 2, 8 to talk about past habits
3, 5 conditionals (second and third) 6, 7 future in the past
pp. 22 - 23 Vocabulary: A: pre-nuptial agreement = a legal contract signed before a wedding, usually about money file for divorce = instruct a lawyer that you wish to divorce custody battle = fight about who the children will live with acrimonious divorce = unfriendly, bitter amicable divorce = friendly, civilised go through (in this context) = become legal pay maintenance = money for childcare grounds for divorce = legal reasons for divorce
Reading: A: 1 Sweden, Finland and Belarus = slightly more than one in two marriages there end in divorce 2 celebrity divorces and custody battles = these are often in the news nowadays 3 Mesopotamia, The Greek Empire and Cairo = these were examples of where divorces took place a long time ago 4 Emperor Charles V = he was the uncle of Catherine of Aragon, who was divorced by Henry the eighth 5 The Church of England = this was founded because of Henry and Catherine’s divorce (which was not accepted by the Church of Rome) 6 1857 = the first time ordinary people in Britain were allowed to file for divorce 7 TV, junk food, and Facebook have all been cited (given) as grounds for divorce 8 a heated argument at a wedding reception = this argument about cutting the cake ended in an annulment (similar to divorce) at a Polish wedding
D:
share this dubious distinction against a backdrop of chronically high divorce rates a male heir to the throne divorces sanctioned by the Pope comply with someone’s wishes cover a multitude of sins follow such trends
E:
high-profile celebrity divorces divorce was commonplace to grant him his divorce to file for divorce .... divorces are instigated by women divorce has now become too easy divorces failed for ridiculous reasons divorce cases
Grammar: A: 1 wouldn’t listen 2 wouldn’t stop 3 wouldn’t come 4 wouldn’t let
5 wouldn’t even put 6 wouldn’t start 7 wouldn’t hear 8 wouldn’t leave
Grammar: A: 1 d zero conditional, both verbs in present simple, to talk about what is always the case 2 c first conditional to talk about a future possibility; could less definite here than will 3 b a variation on first conditional with going to 4 e second conditional to talk about a hypothetical situation; past simple in the if clause and would + base form in the main clause 5 a second conditional for a hypothetical question
B:
a if they’re earning that much b generally true c likely 2 a if we had a maximum wage b unlikely c unlikely 3 a if they were given a boat b unlikely c unlikely 4 a if there were a maximum wage b unlikely c likely 5 a if it were 10 times the lowest wage b unlikely c likely 6 a if it were 10 times the lowest wage b likely c likely 7 a if they get the games b likely c likely 8 a if they make the bid b likely c likely 9 a if they won the bid b unlikely c unlikely
Vocabulary: A: 1 discourage 2 compound 3 benefit 4 trigger 5 devastate 6 lead 7 boost 8 undermine 9 curb 10 bankrupt
C: a It might encourage people to work. b It’ll strengthen relations between the two countries. c It’ll damage the economy and lead to a cut in jobs. d It’s a good idea. If anything, it’ll help to sort out the existing social problems. e It’ll delay an election and make it later than they wanted.
pp. 28 - 29 Reading: A: 1 F it means that being called names has no effect 2 T they constantly ridicule all politicians 3 T ...increases already widespread criticism, ... play into the public perception of politics 4 T it s just a silly game and futile 5 T an act of defiance against oppression 6 F it was black humour 7 T a release for people living in grim circumstances 8 F telling of jokes was severely restricted
Listening: A: 1 Russell Peterson’s 2 Russell Peterson‘s 2 Ben Lewis’s
C:
a strolling b sneaks c tip toe down d glances around, whispers 2 a peer b slips c flicks through d grabs, sniffs e skips 3 a muttering b leap, drag c curls up
pp. 30 - 31 Reading: C: 1 devolves = passes power or responsibility down to a smaller or less powerful group counterparts = people in equivalent positions in another country or organisation petition = official request for change by a number of people referendum = when everyone in the country can vote on a particular issue polling station = place where people vote irrespective = regardless ballot papers = where people mark their vote the party line = the view generally held by the party lobby = try to persuade turnout = total number of people who vote
elect = electorate normal = the norm devolve = devolution represent = representatives
Vocabuary: A:
1 figure 2 election 3 poll 4 consensus
5 scandal 6 MP 7 vote 8 victory (strike and party are not used)
Listening: A: 1 a local or general election; a referendum 2 the electorate everyone in the area or in the country though they may exercise their right not to vote 3 students’ own answers 4 you might vote in a school or college election or as part of a committee or in a debate or meeting or for a talent show or similar 5 students’ own answers
B:
1 a talent show vote 2 a strike ballot 3 a referendum 4 an opinion poll 5 election for student council
C:
a 3 the New Party promised a referendum b 1 the show had already decided the result c 5 voter apathy d not mentioned e 4 I’m in a small minority f 2 we understand the public’s frustration
Grammar: A: 1 helped the programme’s ratings (past simple in both parts to indicate something that was true) 2 the calls were free (second conditional = the calls aren’t free) 3 we would not be taking this action now (wouldn’t + continuous infinitive = we are taking the action now mixed conditional) 4 they hadn’t won a landslide victory (past perfect = they did win a landslide victory mixed conditional) 5 wouldn’t have taken part (wouldn’t + perfect infinitive hypothetical use (if I’d been busier) 6 would’ve abolished uniforms as for 5 = we did abolish uniforms
05 NIGHT IN, NIGHT OUT
pp. 36 - 77 Vocabulary: A: 1 in stitches = very amused, couldn’t stop laughing 2 yawning = opening mouth when tired or sleepy 3 in bits = very upset 4 stuffed = very full 5 tossing and turning = restless, unable to sleep 6 off his head = mad, drunk, incoherent 7 live up to the hype = fulfil (high) expectations 8 overwhelmed = unable to deal with strong emotions 9 rough = unwell, hung-over 10 mortified = very embarrassed
Listening: A: Conversation 1 1 went to a surprise party 2 dancing 3 bit rough; overwhelmed; in stitches; mortified Conversation 2 1 went out for dinner 2 a meeting / stress 3 tossing and turning; stuffed; off his head
B: Conversation 1 = bit rough – the second speaker: because she went to bed at three; overwhelmed – her friend: because it was a surprise party and she had been through a lot recently; in stitches – everybody watching the guy dance: because he was funny; mortified – she would have felt like this if she had danced so badly Conversation 2 = tossing and turning – the second speaker: because he was worried about the meeting; the man; stuffed – the same man: because he ate so much; off his head – a strange man in the restaurant: because he was ranting about something very trivial
C:
1 into 2 through 3 over
4 of 5 of 6 to
7 in 8 off 9 about
10 on 11 by 12 out
Developing Conversations: A: 1 That must’ve been pretty dull. 2 You must be glad you didn’t go now. 3 He must’ve been a bit disappointed. 4 You must be feeling a bit rough now. 5 You must’ve been mortified. 6 She must’ve been quite upset
pp. 38 - 39 Reading: D: 1 Can-Can course, Rain Man 2 Rain Man, Blues Brothers 3 Douglas Bader 4 Blues Brothers, Odyssey UK, Richmond and Twickenham Jazz Club 5 Can-Can course, weight loss through Ayurveda 6 Cupcake decorating, Ayurveda 7 London treasure hunt 8 Ice Worlds 9 Art Bin 10 Douglas Bader
Vocabulary: A: the secret of success, the universe; the format of the lessons, the lecture, the course; a wealth of ideas, products; the centenary of her death, his first novel; the loss of his arms, his eyesight, his one true love; the onset of the recession, the disease; the Battle of the Somme, Waterloo, the sexes; the existence of this chemical, God; a set of ideas, priorities; the disposal of waste, sewage
B:
1 a bundle of fun / measures / wood / clothes 2 a fraction of the cost / an inch / a second 3 a risk of accidents / cancer / failure 4 a flood of enquires / complaints / people 5 a sign of life / weakness / things to come 6 the supply of water / drugs / blood to the brain 7 the abolition of slavery / the death penalty / VAT 8 the tip of my tongue / the island / the iceberg
Grammar: A: 1 a barber surgeon: noun phrase; Rory McCreadie; nine 2 on Blues Brothers’ classics: prepositional phrase; a twist ; six 3 dance: noun; class; four 4 a wealth: noun phrase; hints and tips; six 5 marking the centenary of his birth: participle clause; display ; nine 6 ice plays throughout the Solar System: relative clause; role ; six 7 London: noun ; most vibrant areas; six 8 six-week: adjective; exhibition; three 9 receiving four and five-star reviews across the board: participle phrase; sell-out show ; thirteen 10 that follows the journey of Charlie Babbitt and his autistic brother Raymond across America: relative clause; film ; 17 11 between the reflected and the real : prepositional phrase; the boundary ; eight 12 and hosted by saxophonist Kelvin Christiane and vocalist Lesley Christiane : participle phrase; jazz club ; 23 13 suitable: adjective; yoga and breathing exercises ; eight
pp. 40 - 41 Listening: A: 1 the reading habits of the nation / the publishing industry 2 different approaches to reading, celebrities discussing books, space for users 3 40,000 book clubs 4 Vegan Book Club, Socialist Feminist group 5 provide recommendations / act as filter 6 create a community 7 are really gossiping or dating clubs 8 sentimental autobiographical writing 9 the transformative effect of reading 10 to pass books on to others 11 community reading project designed to give everyone in an area the opportunity to read and then talk about one book 12 bookstore events, related arts / school events
C:
1f endorse a book = Oprah Winfrey endorses books on her show 2c boast over two million members = her book club boasts over two million members 3h share their thoughts = users of Oprah’s website can share their thoughts about books 4a be down to a number of factors = the surge in popularity of book clubs is down to a number of factors 5e see the trend in a positive light = not everyone sees the trend in a positive light 6b halt the spread = negative opinions have not halted the spread of communal reading 7d track the movement of items = BookCrossing tracks the movement of items (books passed on from one reader to another) 8g fund free copies = the city of Liverpool funded free copies of one book as part of its year as European capital of culture (2009)
Vocabulary: A: 1 1 centres 2 plot 3 protagonists 4 dialogue 2 1 based 2 bring 3 set 4 tale 3 1 traces 2 explores 3 Revolving 4 tackles 4 1 first 2 narrator 3 turns 4 insight 5 1 memoir 2 struggle 3 deals 4 recommend
B:
Suggested answers slim novel; loosely connected chapters; minimal dialogue; vivid portrayal; uplifting tale; gripping nonfiction work; domestic violence; civil rights movement; comic novel; hysterical effect; moving memoir; troubled relationship; abusive mother; heart-wrenching detail; a real page-turner
C:
a F accused of spying b F held a high level post for Jazz Drinks c T 2 a T b F he defended himself against allegations that he’d harassed the woman c T 3 a T b F a number of civil liberties groups backed her c F they plan to get it overturned 4 a T b F reprisals against the vandals followed c F the local council stepped in
D:
1 e 2 a 3 h 4 f 5 b 6 g 7 d 8 c
pp. 46 - 47 Vocabulary: A: 1 segregation 2 boycott 3 massacre 4 condemnation 5 oppression
6 sanctions 7 march 8 dissent 9 unrest 10 support
Reading: C: 1 because it represented a huge change / achievement in 20 years 2 because he was leader of the banned African Congress and planned acts of sabotage 3 Apartheid began in the 1940s to help the white minority keep control of the country’s riches. 4 It collapsed because it was costly and complicated to maintain and because of international and internal pressure. 5 Aim: to establish the truth about human rights violations, on both sides but it focused mainly on the victims as a way of providing closure. Working methods: both sides could tell the truth about their actions, and request amnesty from prosecution.
E:
1 F it aimed to establish the truth 2 T it had no powers to prosecute 3 T it could give amnesty from prosecution 4 F they had to show their actions had been politically motivated and proportionate 5 T compensation was offered in some cases
Listening: A: Speaker 1 = he thinks it was very important but flawed because it stirred up more bad feelings Speaker 2 = she thinks it didn’t solve any problems as it couldn’t bring her son back, and she rejected the money she was offered Speaker 3 = he thinks it has been a success as it has helped people to put the past behind them without seeking revenge
B:
1 Speaker 3 2 Speaker 2 3 Speaker 1
4 Speaker 3 5 Speaker 2 6 Speaker 2
7 Speaker 2 8 Speaker 1 9 Speaker 3
07 SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
pp. 48 - 49 Vocabulary: A: 1 breakthrough = step forward 2 root = underlying 3 diminished = impaired 4 stuck = inserted 5 thin end of the wedge = slippery slope 6 carried out = undertook 7 pave the way for = lead to 8 reproduce = duplicate 9 down to = due to 10 negative = adverse 11 condition = disorder 12 created = devised
Listening: B: Conversation 1 = j Conversation 2 = d
C:
1 F to frogs’ eggs 2 T to prevent malaria 3 F they are going to look for smells which attract mosquitoes 4 F one is, one isn’t 5 T to prevent global warming
6 F they want to build a sun shield in space 7 T but hypothetically 8 F he has funding to look into it further 9 T all about vested interest and people out to make a buck
Developing Conversations: B: Suggested answers 1 What on earth is that? 2 How on earth? / Why on earth? 3 Where on earth is that? 4 How on earth? / Why on earth? 5 Why on earth?
6 Who / Why / How?
pp. 50 - 51 Vocabulary: A: 1 a link, but where one figure is in opposition or in reverse of the other 2 distorted the figures (results / numbers) for their own benefit 3 it will be to their own advantage 4 are not really precise or accurate or they do not represent what they appear to 5 in contrast to what most people think 6 there are large problems with the research 7 to make a connection 8 an exception in the statistics 9 different bits of evidence which disagree with each other
Reading: B: 1 because it will vary in how accurate it is 2 because it will affect its validity 3 because it will affect its validity 4 because numbers can be manipulated 5 because sometimes the data and the conclusions are not really connected 6 because there may be self-interest involved
Grammar A: Conversation 1 1 which will be sold 2 scientists 3 which they will sell 4 because we are more interested in the frogs Conversation 2 1 getting killed 2 scientists, teachers 3 rather than killing them for dissection 4 because we are more interested in not killing the frogs Conversation 3 1 have cancerous cells inserted in their bodies 2 scientists 3 scientists insert cancerous cells into the bodies of the fish 4 because it is better stylistically and we are more interested in the fish Conversation 4 1 is thought to be 2 people in general 3 people think the so-called Love hormone is responsible 4 because it is better stylistically and the doer is general / unknown Conversation 5 1 a census undertaken (which was undertaken) 2 the department of Clinical Veterinary Science 3 which the CVS undertook 4 because the census is more important than the department and it is better stylistically Conversation 6 1 they were given 2 researchers 3 researchers gave them 4 because we are more interested in the penguins Conversation 7 1 is seen 2 people in general 3 people see the research 4 because the doer is unknown / general Conversation 8 1 has been extracted 2 scientists 3 scientists have extracted 4 because we are more interested in the DNA
pp. 56 - 57 Listening: A: 1 retreating into their cave 2 communicate with others / reach out 3 these myths / the myth of difference 4 a negative effect on our culture 5 based on scientific research 6 both sexes talk equally 7 16, 000 words 8 power / positions of power 9 stereotypes we already have 10 occasions which back up the evidence 11 gender roles 12 swear / express their anger by swearing
C:
1g common knowledge = it is common knowledge that men and women do things differently 2e a negative effect = books like this have a negative effect on our culture 3b valid scientific research = these books are not based on this 4a a cursory inspection = a cursory inspection of the literature on the subject shows men and women communicate in similar ways 5c sweeping generalisations = these books are full of sweeping generalisations about men and women 6h the continuing appeal = the continuing appeal of these theories lies in people s fear of change 7d unsettling changes = changes in gender roles can be found unsettling 8f traditional gender roles = people take comfort in clinging to traditional gender roles
Grammar: A: 1 a isn’t 2 a are 3 a do 4 a Does 5 a do
b aren’t b doing b does b Did b have
B: 1 question tags 2 substitution to avoid repeating a whole phrase 3 emphasis 4 as a response 5 with so or neither / nor – another type of substitution
Vocabulary: A: 1 gossip + rumours 2 mince + blunt 3 shuts up + word 4 twisting + words
5 manners + butting into 6 listener + shoulder 7 articulate + struggle 8 bush + point
pp. 58 - 59 Reading: B: 1 he marvels at the ingenuity of the human race 2 he is interested in other forms of life and it makes him feel humbled 3 he enjoys the details of animals’ lives it is like watching six films rolled into one 4 it reminds him that we are part of nature too
D:
1 predators 2 prey 3 mate 4 foraging
5 food chain 6 flock 7 herd 8 rear
Vocabulary: A: 1 legs, fur, feelers, nostrils, a claw 2 a tail, legs, fur, nostrils 3 legs, a claw, a beak, a wing, a breast, a tail, a toe 4 a tail, a beak, a breast 5 legs, nostrils, a hump 6 scales, teeth 7 a beak 8 a hoof, legs, a horn
B: 1 mole: claws for digging, tail for storing fat; feelers for ‘seeing’; star-shaped nose to smell its prey 2 sparrow hawk: wings and tail to fly fast; markings to camouflage it; long legs to kill mid-flight; long slender middle toe to grip and hold prey; beak for plucking and tearing flesh
C:
1 e 2 g 3 a 4 f 5 i 6 j 7 d 8 h 9 c 10 b
02 REVIEW
pp. 60 - 63 Quiz: 1 You might feel rough because you are tired, ill or hungover. 2 If you were mortified you would feel very embarrassed. 3 Authors, musicians and artists are all paid royalties. 4 If someone holds a grudge , they feel bitter about something done against them in the past, and possibly seek revenge. 5 A murder or violent crime might be described as cold-blooded. 6 If fighting escalates , it increases and gets more violent. 7 A politician might seize power by staging a coup. 8 If something is prevalent , there is a lot of it. 9 You could devise a plan, a scheme, a set of rules etc. 10 A political party or country with financial interests in the country at war might have a vested interest in a war continuing. 11 Examples: there is a negative correlation between income and birth rate: the richer the country, the lower the birth rate. A positive correlation might be: there is a positive correlation between people graduating from university and getting good jobs. 12 You could manipulate figures, statistics or a person to prove a point or get what you want. 13 A mountainous and rocky landscape is rugged. 14 Someone might butt in (interrupt) when you are having a conversation with someone else and you might feel annoyed. 15 Rodents (e.g. mice, rats, hamsters) gnaw.
Idioms: 1 He was mad, drunk or under the influence of drugs. 2 I couldn’t sleep. 3 We couldn’t stop laughing. 4 He was very upset. 5 We need to forgive and forget. 6 You can see signs of something – usually bad
- about to happen 7 We are at risk of things deteriorating in the future. 8 The research is flawed. 9 You’re being inaccurate about what I said. 10 I didn’t get a chance to speak.
11 Don’t drop hints speak directly. 12 Can you say what your main point is? 13 I got used to it. 14 He was teasing someone. 15 It was incredible.
Listening: 1 Predators and Prey 2 overwhelming 3 photo journalism 4 make new connections and get insights 5 taking photos of construction projects
6 was threatening wetland 7 vested interests 8 of relaxing 9 lion 10 people‘s protests
Grammar: A: 1 I did go to several shops, but they weren’t on sale anywhere. 2 It’s an adventure story, based on his travel experiences. 3 I occasionally wish I did something else, but generally I like my job. 4 The disease is believed to have a genetic component. 5 We won’t be gone that long, will we? 6 They’re building a thirty-five- storey office block which is due to open next year. 7 I wish I’d said something, but I didn’t. 8 The device can withstand high temperatures after being treated with the special paint. B: 1 ended up being thrown out 2 If only I hadn’t sold 3 so am I
4 I didn’t live 5 have two teeth taken out 6 prize-winning economist
Language Patterns: 1 usual 2 hardly 3 all 4 As 5 that 6 had
Prepositions: 1 into 2 around 3 out 4 from 5 of 6 on 7 for 8 to
Opposites: 1 fertile 2 sparse 3 fierce 4 flawed 5 stuffed 6 arid 7 adverse 8 elaborate
Missing Words: 1 called 2 issue 3 plot 4 murmurs 5 track
Verbs: 1 establish 2 express 3 draw 4 gain 5 claim 6 carry out 7 diminish 8 grasp
Forming Words: 1 fatalities 2 frantically 3 exploratory 4 settlement 5 resolutions 6 underlying 7 harassment
Vocabulary: 1 C boasted 2 A traces 3 B insight 4 A endorse 5 A freely 6 A down 7 C memoir 8 B appeal
D:
1 my vitality drained away 2 acquire new skills 3 sponsor me 4 spark my interest 5 get the most out of its investment 6 his mind was drifting off 7 set the wheels in motion 8 pass this on to someone else 9 which begs the question 10 make me redundant
Listening: A: 1 No, not according to the speaker. 2 The company for not using his skills and keeping quiet about the situation. 3 Large companies should be broken up into smaller companies, where this is less likely to happen. Workers should speak up if they feel underemployed.
B:
1 one in three of all mid-week visitors to a theme park were ‘off sick’ 2 nine million workers made dubious requests for a sick note in one year 3 two-thirds of young professionals have called in sick because of a hangover 4 8.3 hours per week are spent by each employee on average each week accessing non-work related websites 5 14.6% of working Americans surf the net constantly 6 18.7 % of working Americans send up to twenty personal emails a day 7 24% of working Americans said they had fallen asleep at their desk, in the toilet or in a meeting 2 because they are better at controlling what employees do and employees feel more responsible
pp. 68 - 69 Vocabulary: A: 1 quit + notice 2 subsidised + perk 3 compassionate leave + grateful 4 crèche + childcare 5 early retirement + pension 6 absenteeism + crackdown
7 tribunal + dismissal 8 raise + opposition 9 cuts + voluntary redundancy 10 union + collective bargaining
B:
1 give a week’s notice 2 take early retirement 3 launch a crackdown 4 be awarded compensation 5 face a lot of opposition 6 be granted compassionate leave 7 live on the state pension 8 take someone to a tribunal 9 raise the legal minimum wage 10 take voluntary redundancy
Listening: A: 1 e 2 a 3 f 4 d 5 b c is not used
10 HEALTH AND ILLNESS
pp. 70 - 71 Speaking: A: reconstructive surgery = rebuilding parts of the body after an accident or fire. Might involve taking a skin graft from another part of the body and attaching it to the part to be repaired. cosmetic surgery = changing the shape of parts of the body for aesthetic reasons. Might involve removing fat or adding some kind of filler e.g. silicone. experimental surgery = surgery done usually on animals for the purposes of scientific research. exploratory surgery = when surgery is used to find out about something rather than to treat or cure. keyhole surgery = surgery which uses only small incisions (cuts) rather than large, invasive ones. laser surgery = using a laser rather than cutting to ‘zap’ a part of the body – can be used to correct eyesight or treat cancer.
Listening: A: Conversation 1 1 laser surgery 2 numbing the eyes and slicing a flap in front of each eye 3 return visits for after-care Conversation 2 1 dental surgery 2 having a hole drilled at the back and a temporary filling 3 having the temporary filling replaced by a permanent one
B:
Conversation 1 1 T 2 F – they gave him eye drops 3 T 4 F – they’re a bit sore 5 T Conversation 2 6 T 7 F – it might have been her daughter 8 T 9 F – I was conscious of what he was doing 10 F – I won’t have much change from £ 500
C:
1 numb 2 slice
3 administer 4 recover
5 take 6 thrash
7 change 8 drill
Vocabulary: A: 1 suffered third degree burns was rushed to hospital was put on a drip had a skin graft had to wait for the scarring to heal 2 had to fast for twelve hours was given an anaesthetic had my wisdom teeth removed
gums bled a lot and cheeks swelled had stitches removed 3 was diagnosed with kidney disease was put on a waiting list finally found a donor
had a transplant took part in a rehabilitation programme 4 severed three fingers lost a lot of blood
had the fingers sewn back on underwent extensive physiotherapy regained feeling in the fingers 5 broke his leg in three places had an operation to insert metal pins got an infection had part of the leg amputated got a prosthetic limb
6 found a lump had it diagnosed as malignant had an operation to have it removed had chemotherapy the cancer went into remission had a relapse
Developing Conversations: A: (slight variations are possible) 1 I asked for a second opinion, but they just kind of ignored me. 2 He used some kind of bleach solution on my teeth. 3 It should cost about a hundred euros or so. 4 They told me that some kind of build-up was damaging blood vessels in my brain. 5 He somehow managed to slice the end off one of his fingers! 6 They use a kind of tiny little knife to make the incision. 7 It was quite a traumatic birth, but they somehow managed to deliver her after about an hour. 8 They just glued the skin back together again using some kind of clear plastic tape.
pp. 72 - 73 Reading: A: 1 Mindfulness and meditation – mindfulness = meditation therapy; gaining in popularity; used to treat depression and anxiety and maybe strengthen immune system; involves noticing negative patterns of thought and fully experiencing the moment; comes from Eastern Buddhist philosophy 2 Depression – negative moods often go with negative thoughts; usually disappears when depression passes or with medication; small things can bring depression back again 3 Life expectancy and well-being – life expectancy doubled in developed countries in the 20th century; we are living longer in sickness rather than health 4 The worried well – people who are actually healthy but are anxious about low-level complaints – hypochondriacs 5 Traditional Chinese Medicine – more focused on maintaining good health; more successful at treating certain common conditions; believes in harmony between mind, body and the environment
