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2nd BACH VERBAL TENSES
Present tenses FORMATION USES KEY WORDS
Present continuous (+) S+am/is/are+v-ing (-)S+am/is/are not+v-ing (?) am/is/are+S+v-ing?
- Actions taking place at the moment of speaking (now) He’s playing football - Arrangements for a near future. I’m going to the theatre tonight - Actions taking place only for a limited period of time Jim is helping in his brother’s firm this week - Actions taking place around now (but not at the moment of speaking) I’m studying for my exams - Development, changing situations The population of China is growing very fast
at the moment, at this moment, today, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Present simple (+) S + v (-)S+do/does not+v (?) Do / does+S+v?
- Facts (something is generally known to be true) The sun sets in the west. - Action in the present taking place once, never or several times Colin always plays soccer on Tuesdays. - Actions in the present taking place one after another She takes her bag and leaves. - Action set by a time table or schedule The train leaves at 9 pm. - Verbs expressing states, possession, senses, emotions and mental activity I love her
Always, every ..., often, normally, usually, never, sometimes, seldom......
Present perfect (+) S + have/has+past participle (-)S+ have/has not+past participle (?)Have/has+S+past participle?
- Puts emphasis on the result She has written five letters - Action that is still going on School has not started yet - Action that stopped recently She has cooked dinner - Finished action that has influence on the present I have lost my key - Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking I have never been to Australia
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present perfect
continuous
(+) S + have/has+been+v-ing (-)S+ have/has not+been+v-ing (?)Have/has+S+been+v-ing?
- Puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result) She has been writing for two hours. - Action that recently stopped or is still going on I have been living here since 2001. - Finished action that influenced the present I have been working all afternoon****.
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
2nd BACH VERBAL TENSES
Past tenses FORMATION USES KEY WORDS
Past continuous (+) S+was/were +v-ing (-)S+was/ were not+v-ing (?) Was / were+S+v-ing?
_- Puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
- Two actions happening at the same time (in the past)_^ He was playing football While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes. - Action going on at a certain time in the past When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
When While As long as
Past simple (+) S + v in the past form (-)S+did not+v(infinitive) (?) did+S+v (infinitive)?
- Action in the past taking place once, never or several times He visited his parents every weekend. - Actions in the past taking place one after the other He came in, took off his coat and sat down. - Action in the past taking place in the middle of another action When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang. - “if sentences” type II (If I talked, …) If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.
yesterday ... minutes ago in 1990 the other day last Friday If sentences”Type II (If I talked, …)
Past perfect (+) S +had + past participle (-)S + had not + past participle (?) had + S + past participle?
- Action taking place before a certain time in the past (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration), Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack. - Conditional sentences type III (condition that was not given in the past) If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.
Just Already Not yet Once Until that day
Past perfect
continuous
(+) S +had + been + v-ing (-)S + had not + been + v-ing (?) had + S + been + v-ing?
_- Action taking place before a certain time in the past
- Sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
- Puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action_
For Since the whole day all day
Present Simple / Present Continuous – Answers
A 1. appears 4. are having
- close 5. is seeing
- is trying 6. don’t think
B 1. takes 5. doesn’t forget
- is studying 6. don’t eat
- does … cost 7. Are … coming
- is raining 8. weighs
C 1. rarely see our friends in the country
- are having supper
- don’t think she’s beautiful
- doesn’t go to work on Saturdays
- aren’t doing anything special this weekend
- belongs to my neighbour
- are you crying
D 1. love 7. aren’t surfing / don’t surf
- want 8. are studying
- surf 9. know
- looks 10. includes
- are taking 11. believe
- own
Photocopiable © B Burlington Books
A Choose the correct answer.
- I’m really hungry. I (haven’t eaten / didn’t eat) yet.
- They (arrived / have arrived) a week ago.
- We (have worked / worked) here for three years.
- They (didn’t recognise / haven’t recognised) me at yesterday’s meeting.
- Our neighbour (was / has been) in hospital since Friday.
- (Have you travelled / Did you travel) abroad many times?
B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect
Simple.
- John ........................... (not call) me recently.
- They ........................... (buy) a new car last month.
- The teacher ........................... (not return) the tests yet.
- How long ........................... she ........................... (know) about this problem?
- ........................... you ever ........................... (hear) such an unbelievable story?
- When I was a child, I ........................... (live) in England for two years.
- He ........................... (buy) me a beautiful gift for my birthday.
- I am so excited to have a dog. I ......................................... (always / want) one.
C Correct the error in each of the sentences.
- Have you ever eat Chinese food? 5. Mr Brown already left the office.
............................................................................ ............................................................................
- She has moved to another city last year. 6. We haven’t been abroad since a year.
............................................................................ ............................................................................
- They have sent out the invitations yet. 7. The lesson has started ten minutes ago.
............................................................................ ............................................................................
- Jack hasn’t seen Jill since she has graduated. 8. Did she just leave?
............................................................................ ............................................................................
D Complete the passage with suitable words.
I 1.^ ............................. always been very fit and healthy, and I have 2.^ ............................. had a serious illness. However, a couple of weeks 3.^ ............................. , I caught the flu. I must admit that until then, I
- (^) ............................. not realised just how unpleasant the flu could be. I had a high temperature for nearly a week, and my whole body hurt. I don’t think I have 5.^ ............................. felt so miserable. It’s taking me ages to get my strength back. It really bothers me that I haven’t had enough energy to play football 6.^ ............................. I got ill. In fact, I have 7.^ ............................. been to the doctor to ask if it’s normal to feel weak for so long. He says I’ll soon feel better. Apparently I’m lucky. For some people, especially the old and the weak, the flu can be very serious. Doctors have tried 8.^ ............................. years to find a cure for the flu, but they haven’t found one
- (^) ............................... Fortunately, researchers have developed a vaccine which gives effective protection against the disease. According to my doctor, most of his elderly patients have 10.^ ............................. received their flu shots.
Photocopiable © B Burlington Books
Past Simple / Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect or Past Simple
Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct tense, present perfect or simple past. Look out for ‘signal words’.
Sean: I _____________________________________________________________________ (never - be) to Paris.
Jane: Oh, I _____________________________________________________________________ (go) there last summer. I
_____________________________________________________________________ (do) a language course there. I
_____________________________________________________________________ (make) a lot of new friends
too.
Sean: And your French is fantastic. _____________________________________________________________________
(you – ever - think) about studying there?
Jane: No, thanks. I’m quite happy with our British university
system. I _____________________________________________________________________ (apply) to London,
Reading, Bristol and a couple more.
Sean: _____________________________________________________________________ (you hear) anything yet?
Jane: No, it’s too early. I only _____________________________________________________________________ (send
off) the application forms last week.
Jill: Rob and I _____________________________________________________________________ (go) to that new
Indian restaurant last night.
Pete: You mean the one in Hadley Road?
Jill: That’s right. _____________________________________________________________________ (have – you -
ever) there?
Pete: Not yet. But Trish _____________________________________________________________________ (already -
be) there twice – and it _____________________________________________________________________ (only -
be) open a week. She _____________________________________________________________________ (love) the
meal, especially the sauces. She says she
_____________________________________________________________________ (never - eat) such great Indian
food. What _____________________________________________________________________ (you - order)?
Jill: Well, I _____________________________________________________________________ (have) tandoori chicken
and Rob _____________________________________________________________________ (order) lamb curry.
Ann: _____________________________________________________________________ (you - see) Pat recently? She
(not - call) for over a week. I _____________________________________________________________________
(not - see) her since her birthday.
Liz: Well, actually I _____________________________________________________________________ (just - speak) to
her. She _____________________________________________________________________ (be) very busy this
week. You know that she _____________________________________________________________________
(start) her holiday job last Monday. Well, she
_____________________________________________________________________ (never - work) in an office
before, so she _____________________________________________________________________ (have to) learn a
lot of new things this week.
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The best free resources to learn and teach English
Past Simple vs. Present Perfect
1. Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets in past simple or present perfect.
1. She loves Paris. She ..................... (be) there many times.
2. Bill ....................... (work) in that company for 3 years. (He still works there).
3. They ....................... (go) to London on holiday last summer.
4. I ....................... (read) that book. It´s good.
5. His parents ....................... (be) here yesterday.
6. They ....................... (go) to Germany when he ....................... (be) only 4.
7. ........... you ......... (watch) any film last night?
8. I ....................... (have) a couple of toasts for breakfast this morning.
9. He ....................... (live) in Rome since he was a teenager.
10. The house looks different. .......... you .............. (paint) it?
11. I ....................... (not see) you in class last Friday.
12. Shakespeare ....................... (write) over one hundred sonnets.
2. Say if the following sentences are right or wrong. Correct them if necessary.
1. Have you ever been to Thailand? ......................................................................................
2. I´ve had sausages for lunch at half past one. ....................................................................
3. She´s enjoyed herself at the party last night. .....................................................................
4. I´ve read that book but I didn´t like it much. .......................................................................
5. Tom has left school one year ago. .....................................................................................
6. My cousins have lived in Dublin since they´ve been children. ...........................................
7. We have worked here for a year and a half. ......................................................................
8. My parents lived in Britain for a couple of years. ...............................................................
9. James has made a cake yesterday. ..................................................................................
10. I´ve washed the car. It looks great now. ............................................................................
3. Complete the sentences with a verb from the box in present perfect or past simple.
be finish stop watch
not smoke enjoy win live
1. She ............... smoking two months ago.
2. She ............... for two months.
3. ......... you ever .......... to Florence?
4. ......... you ........... that TV show last night?
5. They still live in that town. They ............... there for ages.
6. A friend of mine ............... the lottery three years ago.
7. When ........... you ........... your homework?
8. They ............... themselves at the party last summer.
4. Write the past participle of these verbs.
1. write
2. wash
3. forget
4. break
5. make
Oxford Practice Grammar Intermediate PHOTOCOPIABLE © Oxford University Press
VERBS • PAGE 33
Practice
A I have done or I did? ( 1 ) Put in the correct verb form. � (^)....................... (I / do) all the housework. The flat is really clean now. � (^) A young couple.................... (buy) the house next door. But they didn’t live there long. 1 Our visitors.......................................... (arrive). They’re sitting in the garden. 2 There’s still a problem with the television. Someone.......................................... (repair) it, but then it broke down again. 3.......................................... (I / lose) my bank card. I can’t find it anywhere. 4 The match.......................................... (start). United are playing well. 5 My sister.......................................... (run) away from home. But she came back two days later. 6 Daniel.......................................... (earn) some money last week. But I’m afraid he’s already spent it all. 7.......................................... (we / plant) an apple tree in the garden. Unfortunately it died. 8 Prices.......................................... (go) up. Everything is more expensive this year. 9 Someone.......................................... (turn) on the hi-fi. What’s that song called? 10.......................................... (I / phone) the office at eleven to speak to the manager, but he isn’t there today. 11.......................................... (I / make) a cake. Would you like a piece? 12 The runner Amos Temila.......................................... (break) the world record for the 1500 metres in Frankfurt. Then two days later in Helsinki, Lee Williams ran it in an even faster time.
B I’ve done it. I did it yesterday. ( 2 ) Things that have happened today are on the radio and TV news. Give the news using the Present Perfect and Past Simple. � (^) the Prime Minister / visit Luton University / speak to students there / earlier today
................................................................................................................................................ 1 the train drivers / go on strike / stop work / at twelve o’clock ................................................................................................................................................ 2 the Queen / arrive in Toronto / fly there / in an RAF aircraft ................................................................................................................................................ 3 two men / escape from Parkhurst Prison / get away / during the night ................................................................................................................................................ 4 the actor Howard Bates / die in a car accident / his car / crash into a wall ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Linda Jones / win the women’s marathon / run it / in 2 hours 27 minutes ................................................................................................................................................
C Structures with for, since and last ( 3 ) Complete the conversations. � (^) Mike: This car is filthy. I haven’t been to the car wash for about a year. Tom: What! You mean it’s twelve months.......................................... to the car wash? 1 Laura: I haven’t used my camera recently. June was the last time I took a photo. Trevor: Really? I’m surprised you...................................................................................... June. 2 Rachel: I haven’t seen Andrew for weeks. Daniel: Nor me. It’s............................................................................................................. him. 3 Tom: What about a game of cards? We haven’t played since your birthday. David: Really? You mean my birthday............................................................................. cards? 4 Emma: I feel terrible. It’s three days since I ate anything. Vicky: What did you say? You................................................................................ three days?
I’ve done bought
The Prime Minister has visited Luton University. He spoke to students there earlier today.
since you last went
OPG 011-020+TestsC+D FP 03/11/05 17:27 Page 33
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Graded grammar worksheets PROGRESS 4 Unit 1
© Oxford University Press 3
Name: _____________________ Class: _____________________ Date: _____________________
Decide which of the choices below would best complete the article if inserted in the blanks. Circle the appropriate letters. (_____ /15 marks)
Too Much Fast Food?
According to a recent survey, Hong Kong consumers are (1) more money on convenience
foods since the economic downturn. Because companies are trying to make do with fewer staff,
employees are (2) harder than ever before. More women (3) joining the workforce as well.
They (4) less time to prepare nutritious home-cooked meals for their families. Instead,
families (5) out or (6) convenience foods, such as frozen pizzas and instant noodles. These
foods (7) more fat, salt and sugar than home-cooked meals. Experts say that eating too much
of them (8) the risk of serious health problems, including diabetes and heart disease.
However, the trend towards convenience foods (9) benefitting some business sectors.
Supermarkets are (10) to the higher demand for quick, easy-to-serve meals by increasing their
selection of convenience and pre-packaged foods. These products often (11) for higher
prices than fresh food. Restaurants also (12) from the trend: most Hong Kong people now
(13) out at least once a day.
Is convenience food just a fad or is home-cooked food (14) a thing of the past?
How (15) this trend affecting our health?
1 A spending B spends C spent
2 A work B works C working
3 A is B are C be
4 A has B have C had
5 A eating B eats C eat
6 A bought B buys C buy 7 A containing B contains C contain 8 A increase B increasing C increases 9 A is B are C be 10 A respond B responded C responding
11 A sells B sell C selling 12 A profit B profiting C profits 13 A eat B ate C were eating 14 A become B became C becoming 15 A does B is C have
1 Revision Name
Grammar
PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1 Choose the correct answer.
- Mike … the newspaper now. a. is reading b. read c. reads
- The company manager … late every evening. a. is working b. work c. works
- What … at the moment? a. do you do b. you are doing c. are you doing
- My friends … early in the holidays. a. aren’t getting up b. don’t get up c. doesn’t get up
- This cheese … fresh. a. doesn’t smell b. isn’t smelling c. don’t smell
- Shh! I … to the news. a. listen b. am listening c. listens
- I never … boots in the spring. a. wear b. am wearing c. don’t wear
- I … what you are talking about. a. am not understanding b. don’t understand c. doesn’t undestand
2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- ……………… you ……………… (think) it will rain today?
- It’s a beautiful day so we ……………………… (walk) to work.
- Jake is very honest. He never ……………………… (tell) lies.
- My best friend ……………………… (not live) in my neighbourhood.
- I can’t help you now. I ……………………… (study) for a test.
- Jane ……………………… (not believe) Joe really loves her.
1 Reinforcement Name
1 Complete the table with the time expressions and adverbs of frequency below.
today • now • often • on Sundays • every year • tomorrow night • this morning • at this moment • twice a week • usually
Present Simple Present Continuous
2 Choose the correct answer.
- They go to church …. a. at this moment b. now c. on Sundays
- I …. listen to classical music. a. every year b. often c. today
- My dad is making pancakes for breakfast …. a. this morning b. usually c. twice a week
- We are flying to Germany …. a. on Sundays b. tomorrow night c. often
- My friends go shopping …. a. at this moment b. now c. twice a week
3 Choose the correct answer.
- What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
- What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
- Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
- How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
- In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
- Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
- You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.
- He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
- Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
- Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any more.
1 Reinforcement Name
4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- My mother ……………………… (wash) her car every weekend.
- I ……………………… (do) an English grammar exercise at this moment.
- The British sometimes ……………………… (eat) fish and chips for dinner.
- My friends and I ……………………… (go) shopping tomorrow.
- On Saturdays, I ……………………… (not get up) till 12.00.
- Our teacher is ill. She ……………………… (not work) today.
5 Write the questions for the answers below. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Yes , he loves chocolates.
- ................................................................................................................................ They live in Paris.
- ................................................................................................................................ The children are playing tennis.
- ................................................................................................................................ I’m wearing a coat because it is cold outside.
- ................................................................................................................................ She finishes school at 3..
- ................................................................................................................................ Yes , she is leaving tonight.
6 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- She ……………………… (not go) swimming with her friends today because she ……………………… (not know) how to swim. She ……………………… (want) to learn and she ……………………… (wait) for the swimming course to start next month.
- Teacher: Graham, ……………………… you ……………………… (listen) to me? Student: Yes, Mrs Black, but I still ……………………… (not understand) the story.
- The world ……………………… (get) warmer and most world leaders ……………………… (believe) that this is a big problem. Next month, many of these leaders ……………………… (meet) to talk about the problem.
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Present Perfect or Past Simple 2
Choose the present perfect or past simple:
1. I _________________ (see) three police cars this morning (it’s still morning).
2. After he _________________ (arrive) home, he _________________
(unpack) and _________________ (go) to bed early.
3. A: What’s wrong?
B: I _________________ (break) a glass!
4. My grandparents only _________________ (know) each other for a few
months before they _________________ (get) married.
5. I _________________ (be) in London for three years. I love it here.
6. We _________________ (see) Julie last night.
7. He _________________ (be) a teacher before he _________________
(become) a musician.
8. When the boss _________________ (walk) into the room, we
_________________ (know) someone was going to get fired.
9. The children _________________ (break) a window in the school last week.
10. He _________________ (see) that film last year.
© 2012 www.perfect-english-grammar.com May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
11. Lucy _________________ (break) her leg, so she can’t come skiing.
12. Julie _________________ (arrive)! Come and say hello!
13. They _________________ (be) cold when they _________________ (arrive)
home.
14. Jack _________________ (break) his arm when he _________________ (fall)
off a horse in 2005.
15. I _________________ (know) about the problem for months, but I
_________________ (not / find) a solution yet.
16. A: When _________________ (you / arrive)?
B: At 10pm last night.
17. She _________________ (be) a teacher for ten years, and she still enjoys it.
18. How long _________________ (you / know) Jill? I know you see her often.
19. I _________________ (see) the sea before.
20. A: Hello
B: Hi Mum, it’s me. I just wanted to say I _________________ (arrive) safely
and everything is fine.
