Reported Speech
1. CAMBIOS EN LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES (STATEMENTS & QUESTIONS) 2. REFERENCIAS DE ESPACIO Y TIEMPO
3. REPORTED STATEMENTS
En estilo indirecto ya no se usan comas ni comillas.
En estilo indirecto, además, siempre se antepone la estructura del reporting verb al propio report:
“I’m very tired”, said Sarah Sarah said that she was very tired
(reporting structure) (report)
En las oraciones enunciativas, los reporting verbs más comunes son:
o said (cuando no se especifica a quién se le dice el report)
o told me/her/them… (que obligatoriamente debe llevar el objeto de persona detrás)
(no se usa “to” detrás de “told”) She told to me that…
She said (that) it was such a beautiful day.
She told us (that) it was such a beautiful d ay.
Deben aplicarse los cambios en tiempos verbales, referencias espacio-temporales, pronombres, etc., de los puntos anteriores.
“We will buy you a present tomorrow”, my parents said to me
My parents told me (that) they would buy me a present the following day.
4. REPORTED QUESTIONS
Normalmente usamos los ‘reporting verb’ “asked” (nunca “said that” ni “told”).
Ya no se usa el signo de interrogación.
Hay que cambiar el orden de las palabras, como si fuera una oración normal (SUJ + VERB + OBJs), no el de las preguntas:
“Do you like sushi?”, she said. She asked me if I liked sushi. (no did I like)
Al igual que en las enunciativas, hay que aplicar los cambios en tiempos verbales, referencias espacio-temporales,
pronombres, etc.
Hay DOS TIPOS de preguntas:
a) YES/NO questions. Se usa el conector “if” o “whether”:
“Are you OK?”, my mom said to me. My mom asked me if/whether I was OK.
b) WH- questions. El conector es la misma partícula interrogativa de la pregunta:
“Where will you go?”, Paul said to Anne. Paul asked Anne where she would go.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Present simple
”I like ice cream”
Past simple
She said (that) she liked ice cream
Present continuous
”I am living in London”
Past continuous
She said (that) she was living in London
Past simple
”I bought a car”
Past perfect
She said (that) she had bought a car
Present perfect
”I haven't seen Julie”
Past perfect
She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie
Past perfect
”I had arrived before”
Past perfect (no cambia)
She said (that) she had arrived before
Will
”I'll see you later”
Would
She said (that) she would see me later
Can
”I can speak English”
Could
She said (that) she could speak English
Must
”I must study a lot”
Had to
She said (that) she had to study a lot
May
”I may visit Paul later”
Might
She said (that) she might visit Paul later
Might, Could, Would,
Should, Ought to (no cambian)
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
At that time/moment
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The day after
The next/following day
Yesterday The day before
The previous day
Last night The night before
The previous night
Next year
The following year
The next year
The year after
Two hours ago Two hours before
In three weeks Three weeks later
(“that” es opcional)
“It’s such a beautiful day”
