Tema 2 psicobiologia, Apuntes de Psicobiología

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Tema 2: conducta tròfica

ň.CEQPUVCPEKCFGNOGFKKPVGTP«UWPCEQPFKEKμPGEGUU¢TKCRGTCSWGGUFQPKXKFC

NNKWTGʼn%NCWFG$GTPCTF  

*QOGQUVCUKU5KVWCEKμUKOKNCT .CEQPUV¢PEKCFGNOGFKKPVGTP«UHQPCOGPVCNRGTCNCUWRGTXKXªPEKC CKZ´UņCEQPUGIWGKZ IT¢EKGUCNUUKUVGOGUTGIWNCFQTUKJQOGQUV¢VKEUSWGGUFGFKSWGPC o /CPVGPKTGNOGFKEQTRQTCNEQPUVCPV VGORGTCVWTCKUGV  o 1RVKOKV\CTNņCFSWKUKEKμK¼UFGNņGPGTIKCCNKOGPVCTKC ICPC   Sistemes reguladors i homeostatics:  '.'/'065  8CTKCDNGFGNUKUVGOCNCECTCEVGT¯UVKECSWGUņJCFGTGIWNCT  8CNQTHKZGGUVCDNGTVXCNQT´RVKOFGNCXCTKCDNGFGNUKUVGOC  &GVGEVQTEQPVTQNCNCXCTKCDNGFGNUKUVGOCRGTSWª«UECRC©FGFGVGEVCTGNUECPXKU  /GECPKUOGFGTGEVKHKECEKμ OQNVKORQTVCPV VQTPCNCXCTKCDNGFGNUKUVGOCCNXCNQT GUVCDNGTV GPGNECUFGWPCUCNCNņCKTGCEQPFKEKQPCV  /'%#0+5/'5GN(''&$#%-0')#6+7«UGNOGECPKUOGOKVLCP©CPVGNUUKUVGOGU JQOGQUV¢VKEUGUTGIWNGP 3WCPGNFGVGEVQTFGVGEVCSWGGNUPKXGNNUFGNCXCTKCDNGECWGPRGTUQVCGNXCNQTGUVCDNGTV  UņCEVKXCGNUKUVGOCTGIWNCFQTHKPUSWGGNUXCNQTUVQTPGPCUGT´RVKOU7PEQRCUUQNKVGN NNKPFCTGNFGVGEVQTECPXKCT¢QTFTGUCNUKUVGOCTGIWNCFQTFGPQWRGTSWªFGKZKFGHWPEKQPCT CONDUCTA D’INGESTA: gana i set    

GANA: ingesta

6KRWUFņCNKOGPVU %#4$1*+&4#65 .2+&5  %QODWUVKDNG LCSWGNCOCLQTKCFņCNKOGPVUUμPňETGOCVUʼnRGTRTQRQTEKQPCTNņGPGTIKCPGEGUU¢TKC RGTCNOQXKOGPVKRGTOCPVGPKTNCVGORGTCVWTCEQTRQTCNRGTSWªUQOGPFQVGTOQU  %QU¢EKFUITCUUQU  %GTXGNNINWEQUC

%CTDQJKFTCVU TGUGTXCCEWTVVGTOKPK GNFKR´UKVO«UKORQTVCPVCEWTV VGTOKPKGUVTQDCCNHGVIGKUņGOOCICV\GOCGPHQTOCFGINWEQIGP.GUEªNyNWNGUJGR¢VKSWGU EQPXGTVGKZGPNCINWEQUC ECTDQJKFTCVUKORNGUQNWDNG GPINWEQIGPSWGGOOCICV\GOGP 4GSWGTGKZGPNCRTGUªPEKCF KPUWNKPC JQTOQPCRGRV¯FKECUGETGVCFCRGNR¢PETGGU  'NEQURQVWVKNKV\CTEQOCEQODWUVKDNGVCPVINWEQUCEQO¢EKFUITCUUQU.GUEªNyNWNGU EQTRQTCNURGTCRTQHKVCTNCINWEQUCTGSWGTGKZGPVTCPURQTVCFQTUFGINWEQUCCODTGEGRVQTU RGTCNCKPUWNKPC.CKPUWNKPCVCOD«CHCXQTGKZN GOOCICV\GOCVIGFGINWEQUCGPHQTOCFG ITGKZ 'NEGTXGNNTGSWGTGKZINWEQUCRGTCEQPUGIWKTGPGTIKC.GUPGWTQPGUWVKNKV\GPFKTGEVCOGPVNC INWEQUCUGPUGPGEGUUKVCTKPUWNKPC &GURT«UFGNCKPIGUVCGPNCUCPIJKJCOQNVCINWEQUCKKPUWNKPC2CTVFGNCINWEQUCU GORTC EQOCEQODWUVKDNGKNCTGUVCU GOOCICV\GOCEQOINWEQIGP3WCPDCKZCNCINWEQUCGPUCPI INWEªOKC NGUEªNyNWNGUGPEGH¢NKSWGURTQXQSWGPWPCWIOGPVF CEVKXKVCVFGNUCZQPUUKOR¢VKEU SWGKPPGTXGPGNR¢PETGGU. GUVKOWNCEKμUKOR¢VKECKPJKDGKZNCUGETGEKμF KPUWNKPCKGUVKOWNCNC UGETGEKμF WPCCNVTCJQTOQPCRCPETG¢VKECGNINWECIμ'NINWECIμ«UWPCJQTOQPCRGRV¯FKEC CODGHGEVGUQRQUCVUCNCKPUWNKPCLCSWGGUVKOWNCNCEQPXGTUKμFGNINWEQIGPGPINWEQUC  .¯RKFU CNNCTIVGTOKPK GPUFQPGPGPGTIKCKUņGOOCICV\GOGP ITGKZQUK VTKINKEªTKFU CNVGKZKVGFKRμU'NUVTKINKEªTKFUGUVCPEQORQUVQURGTINKEGTQN QINKEGTKPC K¢EKFU ITCUUQU ¢EKFGUVG¢TKEQNGKEKRCNO¯VKE 'NVGKZKVCFKRμUGUV¢UQVCNCRGNNKGP\QPGUFG TGUGTXC CDFQOGP 'UV¢EQORQUVRGTCFKR´EKVUECRC©QUF CDUQTDKTPWVTKGPVUFGNCUCPIK EQPXGTVKTNQUGPVTKINKEªTKFU.CFKHGTªPEKCGPVTGWPCRGTUQPCQDGUCKWPCRTKOCGUV¢GPGN PQODTGKOKFCFGNGUUGXGUEªNyNWNGUCFKRQUGU  2TQVG±PGUPQUQPOQNVKORQTVCPVURGTCPQUCNVTGUVGPGPHWPEKμFGEQPUVTWEEKμ'NU UGWUCOKPQ¢EKFUU GORTGPRGTCNCU¯PVGUKFGPQXGURTQVG±PGUKIGPGTCNOGPVPQVGPGP HWPEKμGPGTIªVKEC  01%+105$‚5+37'5&'./'6#$1.+5/'              

+PIGUVCKUCEKGVCVUGP[CN SWCPJGOFņKPKEKCTGNUUGP[CNURGTKPKEKCTNCGUVKOWNCEKμFGNC KPIGUVC!'PVTGHCUGUSWCPGNEQUEQOGP©CCGORTCTNGUTGUGTXGURGT´SWGNGUPGEGUUKVCVU FGNGUEªNyNWNGUGPECTCGUVCPUCVKUHGVGU  .GUUGP[CNUHKUKQN´IKSWGUSWGKPKEKGPNCKPIGUVCUQPKIWCNUSWGNGUFGUCEKGVCV!4QNGXQNWVKW! 'UOGUKORQTVCPVVGPKTOGECPKUOGURGTEQOGP©CTCOGPLCTSWGPQRGTNCUCEKGVCV *KJCWPňFGUHCUGʼnGPVTGNņCEVGFGOGPLCT OGECPKUOGFGTGEVKHKECEKμ KGNECPXKFGNC XCTKCDNGFGNUKUVGOC TGUVCDNKOGPVFGNUXCNQTU´RVKOU  'UEQOGP©CCOGPLCTRGTSWªGNUXCNQTUFGNCXCTKCDNGUKUVGOCJCPDCKZCVRGT´PQFGKZGO FGOGPLCTRGTSWªLCJCPTGEWRGTCVGNXCNQTPQTOCN ECNNCFKIGUVKμ  .GUUGP[CNUCODKGPVCNURQFGPCTTKDCTCUGTOGURQVGPVUSWGNGUHKUKQN´IKSWGU 6+275&'5'0;#.5           '5)16#/'06&'0764+'0654GNCEKμGPVTGNCSWCPVKVCVFGPWVTKGPVUKPIGTKVUGP WP¢RCVKNCSWCPVKVCVKPIGTKFCGPNņCRCVRQUVGTKQT )ECKIWFCFGNPKXGNNFGINWEQUCFKURQPKDNGRGTNGUEªN·NWNGUECWUCFCRGTWPCFKUOKPWEKμFGNC INWEQUCGPUCPIQRGTUWDUV¢PEKGUSW¯OKSWGUSWGKPJKDGKZGPGNOGVCDQNKUOGFGNCINWEQUC .ECKIWFCFGNPKXGNNF ¢EKFUITCUUQUFKURQPKDNGURGTNGUEªN·NWNGU%CWUCFCRGTUWDUV¢PEKGU SW¯OKSWGUSWGKPJKDGKZGPGNOGVCDQNKUOGFGNU¢EKFUITCUUQU 2PQTGNCEKQPCFCCODNCEQPFWEVCF KPIGUVC 6+275&' 5'0;#.5
#/$+'06#.5
51%+#.5JQTCTK
XGWTGIGPVOGPLCPV
XGWTGWPCPWPEK
'06140RTGUªPEKC FGOGPLCTSWGHC DQPCRKPVC
5'.'%%+•&'.#&+'6# XGWTGCNKOGPVUCFGSWCVU FKURQPKDNGUNCXCTKGVCV KPETGOGPVCNCKPIGUVC
5CEKGVCVUGPUQTKCNOGPV GURGE¯HKECRGTWPCNKOGPV SWGU CECDCFGEQPUWOKT
#XGTUKμEQPFKEKQPCFC
CNIWUVSWCPGNEQPUWO
F WPCNKOGPVFGUEQPGIWV
JCRTQXQECVQCUKIWV
UGIWKVFGOCNGUVCT
(+5+1.”)+%5
'UIQVCOGPVFG PWVTKGPVU
)NWEQRTKXCEKμ
.KRQRTKXCEKμ
2TQVGKPQRTKXCEKμ

%QOGUFGVGEVCNņCIQVCOGPVFGPWVTKGPVU!*KJCFQUVKRWUFGTGEGRVQTUGPFWGU\QPGU FKHGTGPVU # '0%Š(#. CNDWNDKCNCRTQVWDGT¢PEKC GNEGTXGNNPQRQVOGVCDQNKV\CT¢EKFU ITCUUQUGNUTGEGRVQTUPQO«UGVGEVGPGNUPKXGNNUFGINWEQUC CPWENKUFGNVTCEVG UQNKVCTKQ¢TGCRQUVTGOCCNDWND  $ ('6)'RQVOGVCDQNKV\CTVCPV¢EKFUITCUUQUEQOINWEQUCRGTVCPVGNUTGEGRVQTU FGVGEVGPNGUFWGUUWDUV¢PEKGU‹UQPUņGOOCICV\GOCGNINWEQIGPKGURTQFWGKZGP TGCEEKQPUFGINKEGTQNCINWEQUC5GP[CNECRCNEGTXGNNCVTCX«UFGNPGTXKXCIWGHKPU CNDWNDKNCRTQVWDGT¢PEKCUμPUGP[CNUFGINWEQKINKEQRTKXCEKμ  011$56#06NCUGETGEKμFGNPGTXKXCIWGPQGUTGNCEKQPCCODCNVGTCEKQPUVQVCNUFGNC EQPFWEVCFņKPIGUVCUKPμSWGPQO«UUWRTKOKCNCKPIGUVCQICPCRTQFW±FCRGTNKRQRTKXCEKμ  .GUKQPUCNņ¢TGCRQUVTGOCQCNPWENKCFLCEGPVFGNVTCEVGUQNKVCTKPQRTQXQSWGPCNVGTCEKQPUC NNCTIVGTOKPKFGNCEQPFWEVCFGOGPLCT  'NEQPVTQNFGNOGVCDQNKUOGKNCEQPFWEVCCNKOGPV¢TKCGUV¢TGIWNCVRGTFKXGTUQUOGECPUKOGU  /'%#05+/'50#74#.5   6410%&'.'0%'(#.CNCRTQVWDGT¢PEKCKDWNDJKJCTGEGRVQTUFGNCINWEQUC  o $WND ‚TGCRQUVTGOC0WENKFGNVTCEVGUQNKVCTK KPHQTOCEKμFGNURTQRKUTGEGRVQTUFG INWEQUCKPHQTOCEKμFGNUTGEGRVQTUJGR¢VKEU XKCPGTXKXCIWG KKPHQTOCEKμFGNU TGEGRVQTUFGNCNNGPIWC o 2TQVWDGTCPEKC 0WENKRCTCDTCSWKCNNCVGTCN KPHQTOCEKμFGNUTGEGRVQTUFGNHGVIG NGUKμ PQKPKEKFņKPIGUVCUKNKRQRTKXCEKμ    +216Š.'/ 0WENKCTSWGLCV UGETGEKμFGPGWTQRªRVKF; 02; K2ªRVKFCUUQEKCVC CICQWVK 24#)  NņGUVKOWNCEKμFņCSWGUVPWENKFGNņJKRQV¢NGORTQFWGKZNCUGITGICEKμ FņCSWGUVURªRVKFUSWGUQPQZKIGPU UWDUV¢PEKCSWGKPFWGKZNCICPC &GURT«UNC KPHQTOCEKμXCECRCFWGUXKGUFKHGTGPVU  o KRQVCNGONCVGTCNKPKEKFGNCKPIGUVC%QPV«FQUITWRUFņJQTOQPGUSWGUGITGIWGP RªRVKFUSWGCWIOGPVGPNCEQPFWEVCFņKPIGUVCKFKUOKPWGKZGPNCVCZCOGVCD´NKEC 5QPNGUPGWTQPGUUGETGVQTGUFG1TGZKPCK/% JQTOQPCEQPEGPVTCFQTCFG OGNCPKPC  NCRTKXCEKμFGOGPLCTKPETGOGPVCGNPKXGNNFņCSWGUVURªRVKFU  'NUTCVQNKPUCODOWVCEKQPUEQPVTC/%OGPIGPOQNVRQE o *KRQVCNGOOGFKCN 0WENKRCTCXGPVTKEWNCT TGFWEEKμFGNOGVCDQNKUOG.ņCFGPQJKRQHKUK GUGUVKOWNCFCFGOCPGTCSWGUGETGVCKPUWNKPCKINWEQEQTVKEQKFU TGFWEEKμ OGVCD´NKEC3WCPCTTKDCGNPGWTQRªRVKF; 02; GUTGFWGKZGNEQPUWOGPGTIªVKE  GURTQFWGKZWPCFKUOKPWEKμIGPGTCNFGNOGVCDQNKUOG · &KUOKPWGKZNCVGORGTCVWTCEQTRQTCN · 'UUWRTKOGKZNņCNNKXGTCEKμFGIQPCFQVTQRKPGU · 3WCPGNPKXGNNFGPWVTKGPVUFKUOKPWGKZNGUFQPGUFGKZGPFņQXWNCT

⇒ 5GITGICEKμFGRªRVKF;;UņCNNKDGTCRGNVWDFKIGUVKWFGHQTOCRTQRQTEKQPCNCNC SWCPVKVCVSWGUņJCKPIGTKV2TQOQWOGECPKUOGUFGUCEKGVCVFGURT«UFGFKPCT KPJKDKPVNGUPGWTQPGU02;  − *'2‚6+%5RTKOGTSWGVGKPHQTOCEKμUQDTGUKNCFKIGUVKμUņJCHGVGHGEVKXC5KGNU UGWUTGEGRVQTUFGINWEQUCK¢EKFUITCUUQUFGVGEVGPPKXGNNUGNGXCVURTQNQPICNC UCEKGVCVSWGLCJCGUVCVKPKEKCFCRGTNņKPVGUV¯KGNFWQFª  − '05#0)FGTKXCVUFGNOGVCDQNKUOGFGPWVTKGPVU  +PUWNKPCGUVTCPURQTVCGPUCPIHKPUCNņJKRQV¢NGO JKJCTGEGRVQTUFGNCKPUWNKPC   'NUKPETGOGPVUFņKPUWNKPCRTQRKUFGNCHCUGFņCDUQTEKμUμPGORTCVUEQOCUGP[CNU  FGUCEKGVCV%QO!.CKPUWNKPCHCSWGNCINWEQUCGUVKIWKOGP[UFKURQPKDNGKCKZ´HC  SWGUGU¢RKICSWGPQUņJCFGOGPLCTO«U  4CVGUOWVCFGUUGPUGTGEGRVQTUGPEGH¢NKEUFņKPUWNKPC QDGUGU  #..#4)6'4/+0+ 6GKZKVCFKRμU HWPEKμFGEQPVTQNFGNRGUCNNCTIVGTOKPK 3WCPWPCKOCNGUUQVOGVCCNKOGPVCEKμHQT©CFCKVGQDGUKVCVTGFWKT¢NCUGXCKPIGUVC OGECPKUOGFņGSWKNKDTKFGNRGU NCIGPVPQTOCNOGPVGUOCPV«KGNTGURQPUCDNGFņCKZ´GUGN VGKZKVCFKRμU  3WCPWPCPKOCNGUUQVOGVCWPCFKGVCSWGTGFWGKZGNUGWRGUGNUOGECPKUOGUFGUCEKGVCV SWGFGTKXGPFGNVGKZKVGFKRμUGUFGXGPGPOGP[UGHKEC©QU  3WªGZRNKECSWGGNRGUEQTRQTCNVGPFGKZKCOCPVGPKTUGGUVCDNGGPVQTPCWPXCNQTHKZG!.# .'26+0#UGITGICFCRGN6'+:+6#&+2•5 TGHQT©CUGP[CNFGUCEKGVCV  'ZITCPUGETGVQTFGNGRVKPCQDQD TCVQNKPUQDQD FªHKEKVFGRTQFWEEKμFGNGRVKPC   $CKZOGVCDQNKUOG  +PIGUVCGPGZE«U OGPIGP RGTSWªPQGUUCEKGP   1DGUKVCV  &KCDGVKUSWCPUQPCFWNVU  /'%#0+5/'50'74#.5 0WENKCTSWGLCV 02; EQPFWEVCFņKPIGUVCNCUGXCKPJKDKEKμHCSWGPQXQNIWGOKPIGTKT 5#%+'6#6 *KRQV¢NGOXGPVTQOGFKCN KORNKECVCODNCUCEKGVCVUKJKJCWPCNGUKμ1$'5+6#6

SET: INGESTA

  'NUN¯SWKFUKPVGTUVKEKCNURTKPEKRCNOGPVGUVCPEQORQUCVU

  RGTCKIWCKUCNUOKPGTCNU

 'SWKNKDTKFGEQPEGPVTCEKQPUGPVTGN¯SWKFKPVGTUVKEKCNKKPVTCEGNyNWNCT15/15+  OQXKOGPVFGNņCKIWCCVTCX«UFņWPCOGODTCPCUGOKRGTOGCDNGFņWPCTGIKμCOD DCKZCEQPEGPVTCEKμFGUQNWVCWPCCODCNVCEQPEGPVTCEKμ          8QNGOKCXQNWOUCPIWKPK´RVKORGTICTCPVKV\CTGNHWPEKQPCOGPVFGNEQT KRQXQNGOKCEQPFKEKQPUFGRCVKOGPVDCKZXQNWOUCPIWKPK  %10&+%+105&'.(70%+10#/'06NGUECTCEVGT¯UVKSWGUKORQTVCPVUFGNUN¯SWKFU EQTRQTCNU NCEQPEGPVTCEKμFGUQNWVFGNN¯SWKFKPVTCEGNyNWNCTKNCXQNªOKC UμPEQPVTQNCFGURGT  EQPLWPVUFGTGEGRVQTUFKHGTGPVU 'ZWPCRªTFWCFGUCPI RGTX´OKVQFKCTTGC  TGFWGKZGNXQNWOFGNN¯SWKFKPVTCXCUEWNCT RGT´01CHGEVCCN XQNWOFGNN¯SWKFKPVTCEGNyNWNCT 5'681.Š/+%# 'ZWPOGPLCTUCNCVCWIOGPVCNCEQPEGPVTCEKμFGUQNWVFGNN¯SWKFKPVGTUVKEKCN UņGZRWNUCCKIWCFGNGUEªNyNWNGU  01JKJCJKRQXQNGOKC 5'615/”6+%# 'ZRªTFWCFņCKIWCRGTGXCRQTCEKμGNN¯SWKFKPVGTUVKEKCNRGTFCKIWC GNUXCUQUUCPIWKPKUFQPGPCKIWCCNN¯SWKF KNGUEªNyNWNGUVCOD« 5'681.Š/+%#+15/”6+%#  6+275&'5'6 

 5'615/”6+%#FªHKEKVFGN¯SWKFKPVTCEGNyNWNCT'URTQFWGKZSWCPGNN¯SWKF

KPVGTUVKEKCNGUVQTPCJKRGTV´PKECSWGUVHGVRTQXQECSWGUWTVKCKIWCFGNGUEªNyNWNGU FGUJKFTCVCEKμKPVTCEGNyNWNCT 2GTQUOQUKNņCKIWCKPVTCEGNyNWNCT OGP[UEQPEGPVTCFC GU VTCPURQTVCECRCNCKPVGTUVKEKCN  EQORCTVKOGPVUFG HNWKFU
+PVTCEGNyNWNCT
QEKVQRNCUOC
'ZVTCEGNWNCT
+PVGTUVKEKCN
2NCUOC UCPIWKPK
.¯SWKF EGHCNQTCSWKFK

18.6 ´TICPXCUEWNμUFGNCN¢OKPCVGTOKPCN ”TICPRGTKXGPVTKEWNCTNQECNKV\CVC NC\QPCCPVGTQXGPVTCNFGNGTXGPVTKENGGUV¢KPGTXCVRGTECRKNyNCTURGTHQTCVUKPQV« DCTTGTCJGOCVQGPEGH¢NKEC $*' %QPV«GNUQUOQTTGEGRVQTU  0WENKFGNVTCEVGUQNKVCTK0WENKFGNDWNDSWGTGRKPHQTOCEKμFGNU´TICPUXKUEGTCNUKFGN UKUVGOCIWUVCVKW4GRCHGTªPEKGUFGNUDCTQTTGEGRVQTUCTVGTKCNU ”TICPUWDHQTPKECN 15( ”TICPUKVWCVCNCEQPHNWªPEKCFGNUXGPVTKENGUNCVGTCNUSWG EQPV«PGWTQPGUSWGFGVGEVGPNņCPIKQVGPUKPCGPUCPI+CEVKXCGNUEKTEWKVUPGWTCNUFņKPKEKFG NCKPIGUVCFGN¯SWKFU  0WENKRTG´RVKEOGFK¢2GVKVPWENKNQECNKV\CVRTQRFGNCEQOKUUWTCCPVGTKQTSWGCEVKXCGNU EKTEWKVUPGWTCNUFGNCUGV.CUGXCKPJKDKEKμGUTGNCEKQPCCODNCEQPFWEVCFGUCEKGVCV '5647%674'5%.#72'4#.#+0)'56#  #88 \QPCRGTKXGPVTKEWNCT +PVGITCEKμFGNCOCLQTKCQVQVUGNUGUV¯OWNUTGNCEKQPCVU CODNCUGVQUO´VKECKNCXQNªOKEC.GUKμ︎ CF¯RUKC  'NPWENKRTG´RVKEOKVL¢FGNņJKRQV¢NGOKPVGITCNCKPHQTOCEKμSWGTGRKC  VTCX«UFGNGUUGXGUEQPPGZKQPUCODCNVTGURCTVUFGNņGPEªHCNEQPVTQNCNCEQPFWEVC  FGDGWTG  'NUOGECPKUOGUFGUCEKGVCVUμPFKXGTUQUKUKOKNCTUCNUFGNCEQPFWEVCFGOGPLCT JGR¢VKEUEGH¢NKEU I¢UVTKEUKPVGUVKPCNU 'NUTGEGRVQTUJGR¢VKEUUμPGNUO«UTGNNGXCPVURGTNCKPIGUVCFGUQFKK CKIWC