TYPES OF CLAUSES Syntactic elements Verb , Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

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CLAUSES

An introduction

Basic concepts

• (^) Key unit of syntax capable of occurring independently
• (^) Complete description of an event/state of affairs Have you got an exam on Monday?/She smiled sweetly )
• (^) All clauses may be utterances but not all utterances are clauses - (^) ex. (1): More sauce? vs. Would you like more sauce? - (^) ex. (2): Thirty pence please vs. It’s thirty pence please

Syntactic elements

(Downing and Locke, 2006: 17)

Subject (S)

Predicator (P)

Direct object (Od)

Indirect object (Oi)

Prepositional object (Op)

Subject complement (Cs)

Object complement (Co)

Locative / Goal complement (CLoc)

Adjunct (A) ( circumstantial; stance [= Greenbaum &

Quirk, 1990 disjunct ] ; and connective [= Greenbaum &

Quirk, 1990 conjunct] )

Verb complementation

• (^) The verb is the key element of a clause. There are 3 major valency patterns (one-place, two-place & three- place verbs): → Intransitive : S+V: Sarah and Michael disappeared → Copular : S+V+Cs : The Swiss cheese has gone bad S+V+A: Marc was in the bathroom → Monotransitive (S+V+Od): She’s changed her dress → Ditransitive (S+V+Oi+Od): You gave her the wrong answer → Complex transitive : S+V+Od+Co: That makes me so mad S+V+Oi+C (^) Loc: They’re sending us to Disneyland