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Nouns -age -ence Verb Noun Verb Noun break breakage confide confidence cover coverage depend (independence pack package differ difference post postage exist existence store storage insist insistence wreck wreckage obey obedience ÓN occur occurrence Adjective Noun offend offence short shortage persist persistence recur recurrence -al Adjective Noun Verb Noun ñ o absent absence (dis)approve (dis)approval (in)competent (in)competence arrive arrival (in)convenient (in)convenience bury burial evident evidence deny denial innocent innocence dismiss dismissal intelligent intelligence propose proposal (im)patient (im)patience rehearse rehearsal present presence remove removal violent violence renew renewal revive revival survive survival Cy Adjective Noun -ance Ñ . (in)accurate (in)accuracy Verb Noun (in)adequate (in)adequacy annoy annoyance (in)decent (in)Jdecency (dis)appear (dis)appearance (inJefficient (im)efficiency attend attendance (im)frequent (in)frequency disturb disturbance immediate immediacy endure endurance infant infancy enter entrance intimate intimacy ignore ignorance (il)literate (iD)literacy inherit inheritance pregnant pregnancy perform performance private privacy rely reliance redundant redundancy resemble resemblance secret secrecy resist resistance urgent urgency signify (in)significance vacant vacancy tolerate (in)tolerance Adjective Noun arrogant arrogance distant distance (un)important (un)importance (in)relevant (ir)relevance reluctant reluctance 116 Word formation list a -dom .ity Adjective Noun Adjective Noun bored boredom (unjable (inJability free freedom (in)active (in)activity wise wisdom complex complexity credible credibility Person Abstract noun autious curiosity king kingdom (un)equal (in)equality star stardom (un)familiar (un)familiarity ferocious ferocity ful (inflexible (inflexibility (in)formal (in)formality Noun Noun (Quantity) generous generosity arm armful hostile hostility cup cupful immune immunity fist fistful intense intensity hand handful major majority house houseful minor minority room roomful (im)mobile (im)mobility spoon spoonful objective objectivity (un)Joriginal (un)originality personal personality hood (un)popular (un)popularity Person Abstract noun prosperous prosperity adult adulthood (im)pure (im)purity child childhood (in)secure (in)security father fatherhood (in)sensitive (in)sensitivity man manhood severe severity mother motherhood similar similarity neighbour neighbourhood* simple simplicity parent parenthood (im)sincere (in)sincerity woman womanhood stupid stupidity *ncighbourhood subjective subjectivity part of a town or city where people live (in)valid (in)validity Adjective Noun -ing likely likelihood Verb Noun » advertise advertising Het build building Adjective Noun gather galhering anxious anxiety like liking notorious notoriety live living sober sobriety meet meeting various variety record recording say saying set setting suffer suffering 117 Word formation list -ation th Verb Now; Adjective Noun adapr adaptan broad breadth administer administration d depth ¿cat 'eep ¡Epi apply application long length combine combination compile compilation rene Per consider consideration true pu - warm warmih expect expectation wide width explain explanation th identify identification youre von imagine imagination Verb Noun inflame inflammation grow growth inform information inspire inspiration interpret interpretation M8 observe observation prepare preparation Verb Noun present presentation close closure publish publication cormpose composure (dis)qualify (dis)qualification depart departure realize realization expose 'SXPosuro resign resignation fail failure vary variation please pleasure proceed procedure . sign signature -tion Verb Noun y accommodate accommodation (reJact (rejaction Adjective Noun associate association difficult difficulty collect collection (dis)honest (dis)honesty complicate complication poor poverty compose composition safe safety (dis)connect (dis)connection (un)certain (un)certainty contaminate contamination demonstrate demonstration Verb Noun direct direction discover discovery evolve evolution enter entry hesitate hesitation imitate imitation inhibit inhibition investigate investigation (de)motivate (de)motivation operate operation perceive perception predict prediction prescribe prescription receive reception recognize recognition reduce reduction repeat repetition (dis)satisfy (dis)satisfaction (re)solve (re)solution subscribe subscription substitute substitution 119 ID Word formation list People -ant dan Verb Person Noun Person apply applicant electricity electrician assist assistant history historian confide confidant(e) library librarian consult consultant mathematics mathematician contest contestant music musician defend defendant politics politician inhabit inhabitant occupy occupant «ist participate participant Noun Person bicycle eyolist “ar environment environmentalist Verb Pereoa: motor (car) motorist lie Har nature naturalist novel novelist psychiatry psychiatrist -ative science scientist Verb Person spectalism specialist . violin violinist represent representative -or - b PA Ver] 'erson Verb Person Et actor employ employer collect collector lecture lecturer communicate communicator manufacture manufacturer compete competitor Juesspt presenter conduct conductor read reader contribute contributor research researcher demonstrate demonstrator win yAnnor distribute distributor instruct instructor invent inventor spectate spectator 120 ID Word formation list Adjectives -able -ible Verb Adjective Noun Adjective accept (un)acceptable access (in)accessible advise (in)advisable flexibility (inflexible afllord affordable sense (in)sensible* agree (dis)agreeable apply (in)applicable verb A appreciate appreciable comprehend (in)comprehensible approach (un)approachable respond (ir)responsible avoid (un)avoidable * sensible: bear (un)bearable showing or having good sense eg Cycling with a believe (un)believable broken arm is not a very sensible thing to do. compare (in)comparable y Midas consider (in)considerable a desire (un)desirable eg He was found drunk and insensible. dispense (indispensable A forget (un)forgettable b not caring about or unaware of imagine (un)imaginable eg She seemed insensible to the dangers involved. irritate irritable note notable -al notice noticeable pay payable Noun Adjective predict (un)predictable accident accidental prefer preferable addition additional prevent preventable alphabet alphabetical ma Pcia behaviour behavioural ly un)reliable centre central remark (un)remarkable culture cultural respect respectable ecology ecological understand understandable emotion (un)emotional work (un)workable environment environmental Noun Adjective exception dnjencepcional comfort (un)comfortable Pa Kiment A fashion (unm)fashionable lobe lobal knowledge knowledgeable EA CO memory (un)memorable intention intentional profit (um)profitable medicine medicinal mn cn + value valuable/invaluable* om B Ñ nation national *invaluable: occasion occasional extremely useful. eg invaluable advice/experience/help — occupation occupational origin (unJoriginal parent parental person (im)personal practice (im)practical profession (un)professional sensation (un)sensational society social temperament temperamental tradition traditional universe universal 122 Word formation list (BN -ial -ate Noun Adjective Noun Adjective benefit beneficial accuracy (in)accurate commerce commercial adequacy (inJadequate controversy (un)controversial appropriacy (in)appropriate face facial consideration (in)considerate finance financial fortune (un)fortunate industry industrial moderation (im)moderate influence influential manager managerial -ative matrimony matrimonial residence residential Verb Adjective secretary secretarial administer administrative substance (in)substantial argue argumentative territory territorial compare comparative consult consultative -ant imagine (un)imaginative inform (un)informative Verb Adjective prevent preventative ignore ignorant provoke provocative please (un)pleasant represent (un)representative rely reliant resist resistant signify (in)significant tolerate (imtolerant -ent Verb Adjective appear apparent confide confident depend (in)dependent differ (in)different insist insistent obey (dis)obedient persist persistent recur recurrent Noun Adjective absence absent (in)competence (in)competent (in)convenience (in)convenient evidence evident (in)frequency (in)frequent innocence innocent intelligence intelligent (im)patience (im)patient presence present violence violent 123 Word formation list al full-less cheerless: used mainly to describe the weather or a A fal Jessf ful room which is not bright or pleasant Roo: E -less/un__. beauty beautiful EN helpless: unable to do anything to help or protect care careful careless yourself cheer Cheerful cheerless* unhelpful: not willing to help other people col: lourful Cour, col - Pe priceless: used to describe an object which has a deceit deceitful very high value; it is worth so much money that the delight delightful price cannot be calculated (compare with worthless effort -— effortless below) end — — endless skilful €: skilled: both can be used to describe a event eventful uneventful person who has the necessary ability, experience faith faithful unfaithful and/or training to do something well. fault faulty faultless eg He's a skilful footballer. This work was done by flight —_— flightless skilled craftsmen. pe grateful ep skilled: can also be used to describe a job or piece harm 1 Ñ fal harmless of work that requires special skill and training heart heariless eg Nursing is a skilled job. help helpful helpless*/unhelpful* tasty: used to describe food with a strong and home —_——— homeless pleasant flavour hope hopeful pi tasteful: used to describe clothes, decoration etc a93 aning — meaningful cani bn ¿loss which is attractive and shows good taste pain painful painless thoughtful: eaceful —_——. a to describe a person who is quiet and serious peace p qui point AAA pointless because they are thinking about something power powerful powerless b to describe someone who thinks and cares about ice pr riceless* the feelings and needs of other people pri p es relent relentless worthless: used to describe an object with no eonacó resourceful a value in money (compare with priceless above) respec! respectful espectful skill skilful*/skilled* unskilled . sleep ———— sleepless te speech —_—_———— speechless N Adiecti stress stressful unstressful Re all Ye á ve SUCCESS successful unsuccessful dia ey at taste tasty*/tasteful* — tasteless PR nto thought thoughtful* thoughtless e a time nn timeless pessimism pessimistic tuth truthful untruthful science scientific use useful useless strategy strategic waste wasteful wonder wonderful worth — worthless* youth youthful —_—— 125 ID Word formation list “ary Noun Adjective caution cautionary literature literary revolution revolutionary Verb Adjective imagine imaginary volunteer (in)voluntary -Ory Verb Adjective advise advisory celebrate celebratory contradict contradictory explain explanatory introduce introductory migrate migratory oblige obligatory prepare preparatory satisfy (un)satisfactory supervise supervisory -ly Noun Adjective friend (un)friendly life lively time (un)timely y Noun Adjective chat chatty cloud cloudy ease easy fault faulty fog fogey frost frosty grass grassy guilt guilty hair hairy hill hilly mist misty mud muddy rain rainy rock rocky sleep sleepy sun sunny wealth wealthy 126 Verbs -ate Noun Verb alien alienate assassin assassinate difference differentiate value evaluate Adjective Verb active activate captive captivate dominant dominate valid validate en- Noun Verb act enact circle encircle courage encourage (discourage) danger endanger force enforce list enlist rage enrage trust entrust Adjective Verb able enable large enlarge rich enrich sure ensure “ly Noun Verb class classify example exemplify glory glorify identity identify note notify (dis)qualification (dis)qualify Adjective Verb clear clarify just justify pure purify simple simplify solid solidify ID Word formation list under underachieve undercharge undercut underestimate undergo underline underrate understate undertake undervalue out- outgrow outlast Outlive outnumber outplay outrun outstay 128 
