Nicola Conti 0001114137
Crime and
Crime in security in Europe
A. The primary security threat illustrated in the case is Transnational Organized Crime
(TOC), powered by ‘Ndrangheta, which operates as a non-state actor. Another threat
is the national security, in that case, of Italy, here we can see as there is a deep
penetration of the State in the society, infatti the case shows how ‘Ndrangheta power
challenges the monopoly of the State on legitimate force. The State is perceived as
an antagonista force. The organization creates an alternative system of loyalty. The
threat concerns the international Security, because of its transnational character, as
we can see the Germany and Australia impact on the illicit economy of the
organization are the main parts of them reach. This facilitates illicit financial flows,
drug trafficking. The core crime problem is not just a collection of illicit acts, but a
mafia type criminal association characterized by: Money laundering, Violence and
intimidation, like the murder of Turi, that server for maintaining the fear
B. Focuses on the unique characteristics of mafia organizations, including the use of
ritual, kinship ties, and an 'honorary' code to enforce cohesion and provide an
alternative social safety. The kinship-based structure (grandfather, cousin, brother,
fiancé all involved) and the deep-seated culture of silence and family loyalty are the
defining features of the 'Ndrangheta's resilience. We can also identify the Liberal
Institutions of the IR, focused on the role of transnational linkages and institutions in
cooperation and conflict. The TOC perspective emphasizes the 'Ndrangheta's use of
globalization (travel, communication, international markets) to expand their network
to Germany and Australia. The solution requires strengthened international
institutional coperation (Interpol, Eurojust) to dismantle the network.I would also
catch the like with critical security studies or human security.Shifts the focus of
security from the state to the individual and community. The case is a perfect
example: Betta's security is not threatened by a foreign army but by her community
and family. Her personal security is at risk from the 'family curse', fear of losing her
fiancé and brother to prison, and the stigma of her identity. To conclude I see the
Nexus State-Crime, the corruption between the Police and the ‘Ndrangheta family,
that takes at the formation of criminal states or systemical collusion.
C. Whose security when talking about criminal is the security of the state, which is is at
risk. The R2P (responsibility to protect) is the normative principle used by states to
protect their population from collective crimes. In this case international threat can be
seen at risk of being “invaded”. We can look at the ‘Ndrangheta as a virus, a cancer
which can spread around; as mafia is usually born in Italy,when it is born it is usually
there to stay and sometimes, like in this case, spread it is long lasting. National
security becomes at risk. Organised crime is in fact often thought of a crime against
national security, which entails a set of values and beliefs as territorial integrity,
economic strength, external and internal peace, socio- political stability and so on.
That is why the inclusion of organised crime, mafia and the ‘Ndrangheta among
national security threats can be linked to the idea that organised crimes affect
national borders as well as national order
