introdução sobre a linguagem de computação python, Esquemas de Ciência Cognitiva

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Why Program?

Chapter 1

Python for Informatics: Exploring Information www.pythonlearn.com

Computers want to be helpful...

• Computers are built for one purpose - to do things for us
• But we need to speak their language to describe what we want done
• Users have it easy - someone already put many different programs (instructions) into the computer and users just pick the ones we want to use

What Next?

What Next?

What Next?

What Next?

What Next?

What Next?

What Next?

Users vs. Programmers

• Users see computers as a set of tools - word processor, spreadsheet, map, todo list, etc.
• Programmers learn the computer “ways” and the computer language
• Programmers have some tools that allow them to build new tools
• Programmers sometimes write tools for lots of users and sometimes programmers write little “helpers” for themselves to automate a task

Computer

Hardware + Software

....^ Networks

From a software creator’s point of view, we build the software. The end users (stakeholders/actors) are our masters - who we want to please - often they pay us money when they are pleased. But the data, information, and networks are our problem to solve on their behalf. The hardware and software are our friends and allies in this quest.

Data Information

User

Programmer

What is Code? Software?

A Program?

• A sequence of stored instructions

It is a little piece of our intelligence in the computer

It is a little piece of our intelligence we can give to others - we figure something out and then we encode it and then give it to someone else to save them the time and energy of figuring it out

• A piece of creative art - particularly when we do a good job on user experience

Programs for

Humans...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlzwuFkn88U

Programs for

Humans...

while music is playing: Left hand out and up Right hand out and up Flip Left hand Flip Right hand Left hand to right shoulder Right hand to left shoulder Left hand to back of head Right ham to back of head Left hand to right hit Right hand to left hit Left hand on left bottom Right hand on right bottom Wiggle Wiggle

Jump http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlzwuFkn88U

Programs for

Humans...

while music is playing: Left hand out and up Right hand out and up Flip Left hand Flip Right hand Left hand to right shoulder Right hand to left shoulder Left hand to back of head Right hand to back of head Left hand to right hip Right hand to left hip Left hand on left bottom Right hand on right bottom Wiggle Wiggle

Jump http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlzwuFkn88U

Programs for Python...

name = raw_input('Enter file:') handle = open(name, 'r') text = handle.read() words = text.split()

counts = dict() for word in words: counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1 bigcount = None bigword = None

for word,count in counts.items(): if bigcount is None or count > bigcount: bigword = word bigcount = count print bigword, bigcount

python words.py

Enter file: words.txt

to 16

python words.py

Enter file: clown.txt

the 7

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/RaspberryPi.jpg

Software

Input and Output Devices

Central Processing Unit

Main Memory

Secondary Memory

Generic

Computer

What Next?

Software

Input and Output Devices

Central Processing Unit

Main Memory

Secondary Memory

Generic

Computer

What Next?

if x< 3: print

Software

Input and Output Devices

Central Processing Unit

Main Memory

Secondary Memory

Machine

Language

What Next?

01001001 00111001