Baixe Latex - introdução e outras Notas de estudo em PDF para Economia, somente na Docsity!
Latex: Some General Tips
Carlos A. Cinquetti
State University of S˜ao Paulo
Department of Economics
Ricardo Gonc¸alves Silva
SERASA
Modelagem Econom´etrica de Cr´edito
1 Latex Editor
Miktex already help you a lot with all those Latex code and norms impossible to keep on mind, but Winedt helps with even more: automatically generate all codes you need by simply clicking within the related topic in its menu.
2 Bibliography
One main pro in using writing articles in Latex are the bibliography resources of its bibtex. Yet, for doing so you will face a not small number of challenges. Below are some tips for some common ones.
2.1 Your Bibtex File
It is like a common Tex file, though you should save it as a bibTex files with the extension .bib, instead of a tex file. Winedt automatically generates the main entrance, which are quite large, or any sort of bib- liography item: articles, books, chapters in books, reports, and so on. Below is an example of a chapter in a collection:
@INCOLLECTION{rod:rod, AUTHOR = "Fernando Rodr´ıguez and Danny Rodrik", TITLE = "Trade policy and economic growth: a skeptics’ guide to the cross-national BOOKTITLE = "Macroeconomics Annual 2000", PUBLISHER = "The MIT Press for NBER", YEAR = "2001", editor = "B. Bernanke and K. Rogoff", pages = "143-178", address = "Cambridge, MA",}
You must also be advised as to the way of executing both files. It recommended to execute your latex twice after having made important changes on it. The same rule may apply to your bib file, when you click in the box “fig” of your Winedt. However, you should not do with in the normal sequence to produce your pdf or dvi file. Rather execute latex once or twice, then the bibtex, then latex again, and lastly the dvi to pdf routine.
2.2 References and Citations
Having more than two authors, make:
AUTHOR = "David Currie and Paul Levine and Joseph Pearlman, and Michael Chui",
For authors having twice or more works in the same year, you must write their identification with some extension for their ordering, as well as place them within brackets as below:
@ARTICLE{[har94a], }
@ARTICLE{[har94b], }
Their citation in the text will appear as (Harrison, 1994a) and Harrison (1994b). Regarding citations, sometimes we want the work cited outside parenthesis, others within parenthesis, and finally others as “see ..”. Finally, sometimes will also want to refer to an specific page or chapters. The routes for each of this forms are:
\cite{[har94a]} \cite[]{[har94a]} \cite[p.31]{[har94a]} \cite[see][ch. 2]{green}
In the case of articles or books by more than two authors, Latex automatically generates (au- thora et al.). However, if you wish that all names show you must do:
\cite*[]{currie:et}
and it will apper as (Currie, Levine, Pearlman, and Chui).
2.3 References Style
You can also make some special style. For instance, if your document is double spaced and you do not want the same for your bibliography, except bib item, then your entry for references should be:
\singlespacing \bibliography{bib file} \appendix
Notice that, in this case, you extend this style to the appendix as well.
3.3 Dimensions
Sometimes your Table takes a too wide or narrow space of your text. One way to overcome it is editing Tables with smaller letter, using the scalefont command:
\begin{table}[h!]\scalefont{0.9} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{1.3pt}
You can also edit the columns wideness, using the “setlenght” environment, as in the above example. A corresponding command will be required in your preamble. You can go up to 12pt or more, as well as below 1pt.
4 Numbering Equations, Figures and Table
Unless you place the label of your with the caption for the Table, your latex will confuse all Table, Figure, and equations numbering. That is, if you have a Table between two equations, the latter one will be incorrectly numbered in the paragaphs, when referring to them. Accordingly, the whole writting of your Table will have the following format:
\begin{table}[hb!] \begin{threeparttable}\caption{Table name \label{tabshortname}} \begin{tabular}
\end{tabular} \end{threeparttable} \end{table}
5 Figures and Graphs
5.1 Placing Figures
As with the Table environment, you will have to create an environment for them, as below:
\begin{figure}[ht] \centering \caption{nickname \label{fig..} \includegraphics[width=12cm]{C:/drive/fig1.eps}\ \end{figure}
The above illustrate a figure transformed to a eps form, store in an specific drive of your com- puter, as well as the instruction for your Latex to capture it. wrapfigure Floating text around figures.
\begin{wrapfigure}[6]{o}{10cm} \centering \includegraphics[angle=-90,
width=\linewidth]{C:/DATA/figtarlev.eps} \caption{Effective Rate of Protection \label{tarfig}} \end{wrapfigure}
It requires the %usepackagewrapf ig. Floatflt E similar ao wrapfigure, permitindo um detalhamento maior, como a inclus˜^ ´ ao de nome da figura. E necess´´ ario no preˆambulo colocar %usepackage[rflt]floatflt Onde o argumento opcional rflt indica que os gr´aficos ser˜ao colocados a direita do texto. Com **lflt** seriam colocadosa esquerda e vflt indica que o gr´afico sair´a `a direita nas p´aginas im- pares e a esquerda em p´aginas ´ımpares. Exemplo Este ambiente... Reducing the space between figure and the text. In order to make the the command vspace works better, together with the setting of [H] instead of [h!], one should load usepackagef loat
\begin{figure}[H] \begin{center} \caption{Effective Rate of Protection \label{tarfig}} \includegraphics[angle=-90, width=\linewidth, totalheight=12cm]{C:/DATA/figtarlev.eps} \end{center} \end{figure} \vspace*{-4cm}
Notice the use of the environment center as well as the parameter totalheight within the in- cludegraphics.
5.2 Creating Graphs
Except for those numerical or functional graphs generated in Matlab, or related softwared, you can draw your graphes in the software TEXCAD, by Gautier de Montmollin, and send it to Latex. Steps. Generate, first, your theoretical figure in the TEXCAD and save it. Secondly, open the files in Wordpad. An incredible large written file will show up, which correspond to the Latex command for each line, curve and special treats. Third, copy all this text and paste it within your Figure command. As with the Excel2Latex , knowing the basic language command is advisable; it will enable you further editing, as well as more correct placing of some lines. Special command for the figures in the preamble will be necessary for having it nicely edited or placed.
6 Subsections Without Number
It is an option having your subsections numbered or not. If you prefer to not number them do:
\subsection*{All Test}
\hrulefill Fills the current line with space. With \hrulefill, the space is underlined. Example: If you want to create a form that says Name: __________, where the underline is 3 inches long, use this: Name: \makebox[3in]{\hrulefill} \vspace{len} Leave len vertical space.
8 Special Styles
8.1 Underlines
When working with a coauthors, you may wish to underline some changes made. The same might occur when submitting your paper to a reviewer. Latex has its underlines en- vironment, but it works poorly, for the whole phrase will appear in a unique line. The a good alternative is introducing
\usepackage{ulem}
and then select the phrase with
\emph{here is the phrase underlined}
