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ASTM Terminology
The basic reference for the Unified Soil Classification System is ASTM D 2487. Terms include:
Coarse-Grained Soils More than 50 percent retained on a 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve Fine-Grained Soils 50 percent or more passes a 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve Gravel Material passing a 75-mm (3-inch) sieve and retained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Coarse Gravel Material passing a 75-mm (3-inch) sieve and retained on a 19.0-mm (3/4-inch) sieve. Fine Gravel Material passing a 19.0-mm (3/4-inch) sieve and retained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Sand Material passing a 4.75-mm sieve (No. 4) and retained on a 0.075-mm (No. 200) sieve. Coarse Sand Material passing a 4.75-mm sieve (No. 4) and retained on a 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve. Medium Sand Material passing a 2.00-mm sieve (No. 10) and retained on a 0.475-mm (No. 40) sieve. Fine Sand Material passing a 0.475-mm (No. 40) sieve and retained on a 0.075-mm (No.
- sieve. Clay Material passing a 0.075-mm (No. 200) that exhibits plasticity, and strength when dry (PI ³ 4). Silt Material passing a 0.075-mm (No. 200) that is non-plastic, and has little strength when dry (PI < 4). Peat Soil of vegetable matter.
Note that these definitions are Unified Soil Classification system definitions and are slightly different
than those of AASHTO. The table below shows the Unified Soil Classification system (ASTM).
Unified Soil Classification (USC) System (from ASTM D 2487)
Major Divisions
Group
Symbol
Typical Names
Course-Grained Soils More than 50% retained on the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve Gravels 50% or more of course fraction retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve Clean Gravels GW Well-graded gravels and gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines GP Poorly graded gravels and gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines Gravels with Fines GM Silty^ gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures GC Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures Sands 50% or more of course fraction passes the 4. (No. 4) sieve Clean Sands SW Well-graded sands and gravelly sands, little or no fines SP Poorly graded^ sands and gravelly sands, little or no fines Sands with Fines SM Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures SC Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures Fine-Grained Soils More than 50% passes the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve Silts and Clays Liquid Limit 50% or less ML Inorganic silts, very fine sands, rock four, silty or clayey fine sands CL Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly/sandy/silty/lean clays OL Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticity Silts and Clays Liquid Limit greater than 50% MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sands or silts, elastic silts CH Inorganic clays or high plasticity, fat clays OH Organic clays of medium to high plasticity Highly Organic Soils (^) PT Peat, muck, and other highly organic soils Prefix: G = Gravel, S = Sand, M = Silt, C = Clay, O = Organic Suffix: W = Well Graded, P = Poorly Graded, M = Silty, L = Clay, LL < 50%, H = Clay, LL > 50%
