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ï A. GARCIA et al., Ensaios dos Materiais. LTC:Rio de Janeiro, 200, p. 7-
ï G. E. DIETER, Mechanical metallurgy ñ SI metric edition. McGraw Hill:London, 1988, p. 275-283.
ï N. E. DOWLING, Mechanical behavior of materials. Prentice Hall:NJ, 1999, 2. ed., p. 102-
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OBJETIVO
Medir as propriedades mec‚nicas ‡ traÁ„o de um
material.
- ResistÍncia
ï Limite de escoamento ( LE
)
ï Limite de resistÍncia ( LR
)
**- MÛdulo de Elasticidade (E)
)
**- Ductilidade
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- Regime el·stico
- Regime pl·stico com deformaÁ„o uniforme
- Regime pl·stico pl·stica n„o-uniforme
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Curva Tens„o ( ) x DeformaÁ„o ( )
(convencional ou de engenharia)
(MPa)
f
Regi„o
el·stica
Regi„o
pl·stica
DeformaÁ„o pl·stica
uniforme
DeformaÁ„o pl·stica
n„o uniforme
DeformaÁ„o pl·stica total
LR
LE
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LIMITE CONVENCIONAL n% ( LE n
)
Nem todos os materiais possuem um limite de
escoamento visÌvel, deste modo adota-se como limite
de escoamento a tens„o que corresponde uma
deformaÁ„o igual a n%.
n=0,2% (metais em geral)
n=0,5% (metais muito d˙cteis)
n=0,1% (ligas com pequena deformaÁ„o)
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No regime el·stico existe uma regi„o onde
ocorre uma relaÁ„o linear entre a tens„o e a
deformaÁ„o. Neste trecho vale a lei de Hooke
= E.
E È chamado de mÛdulo de elasticidade e fornece
uma indicaÁ„o da rigidez do material.
A rigidez depende fundamentalmente das forÁas
de ligaÁ„o interatÙmica.
Portanto uma caracterÌstica intrÌnseca do material.
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RIGIDEZ : Capacidade de resistir ‡ deformaÁ„o EL¡STICA
O mÛdulo de elasticidade (E) È uma propriedade fÌsica
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,
deformaÁ„o (mm/mm)
tens„o (MPa)
tg^ ^ ^ E
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Na regi„o pl·stica encontramos propriedades relacionadas com
a tens„o deformaÁ„o e energia.
LIMITE DE RESIST NCIA ¿ TRA«√O -
( LR
= r
=resistÍncia =TS (tensile strength)
… a maior tens„o que o material suporta sem se romper.
Ou
… a maior tens„o no regime pl·stico.
LIMITE DE RUPTURA - … a tens„o onde ocorre a fratura do
material.( F
)
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,
deformaÁ„o (mm/mm)
tens„o (MPa)
LR
F
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Alongamento total ( A T
Lo ):
ReduÁ„o de ·rea percentual ou estricÁ„o (RA, Z):
. 100. 100
o
f o
f
L
T
L
L L
A e
o
. 100
(^)
o
o f
A
A A
RA
Dist‚ncia original entre marcas: 2,5 mm
Di‚metro original: 11 mm
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o
o f
A
A A
RA
Dist‚ncia original entre marcas: 2,5 mm
Di‚metro original: 11 mm
5 mm
2
2 2
RA
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pdfMachine Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine.
Fratura TaÁa - cone
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