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3100 abnormal psych midterm
Clanging - choosing a word on the basis of sound rather than meaning neologism - Invention of a new word by the patient Alogia - Speech that conveys very little actual information Echolalia - Repeating words or phrases spoken by someone else bizarre delusions - false beliefs that could not possibly be true, given what is known about the world delusional jealousy - the incorrect conviction that a person's spouse or sexual partner has been or is being unfaithful Erotomanic delusions - when an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her grandiose delusions - beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important persecutory delusions - false, persistent beliefs that one is being pursued by other people somatic delusions - believes that his body is changing in an unusual way, such as growing a third arm Thought broadcasting delusions - the belief that others can hear or receive one's thoughts Thought insertion delusions - the belief that some external person or agency is inserting thoughts into one's consciousness/ brain delusions of reference - involve the belief that common elements in the environment are directed toward the individual delusions of being controlled - believing that one's thoughts, feelings, impulses, or actions are controlled by external forces, such as agents of the devil
Hallucinations - false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus made up out of no where. Illusions - errors of perception, memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality catatonia - -Strange gestures, postures, facial grimaces -Stupor: stop moving altogether -Or become wildly excited and can't stop moving mutism - refusal to speak Echopraxia - imitating movements of others affective flattening - small range of emotions Anhedonia - lack of enjoyment in all aspects of life. Social withdrawal in schizophrenia - Tend to avoid personal relationships Withdrawal is both physical and psychological Those with schizophrenia may be confused about their -
- Identity
- Gender How can schizotypal personality disorder be within the schizophrenia spectrum and still be a personality disorder rather than a psychotic disorder? - In Schizotypal PD, the symptoms don't reach delusional proportions. What are the two psychotic symptoms during a 1-month active phase to be diagnosed with schizophrenia? -
- One symptom must be an active symptom:
- Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech What needs to be present for at least a duration of a 6-month period at least one month in order to diagnosed with schizophrenia? - -Negative symptoms: emotional disturbance or avolition -Disorganized or catatonic behavior Avolition - No interest in work or social activities
The research could be a rich source of ideas about the nature of the abnormal behavior. What has a lifetime prevalence rate of about 30% in the U.S. population. - Anxiety disorders Dr. Miller and Dr. Thomas agree that specific behaviors are characteristic of major depressive disorder. Both consistently apply the major depressive disorder label when these specific behaviors are apparent. The agreement between Dr. Miller and Dr. Thomas in terms of the use of the major depressive disorder label indicates - diagnostic reliability Mental disorders are easier to _____than to_____ - label/explain The line separating normal from abnormal behavior is difficult to establish because abnormality is on a - continuum Which of the following is emphasized in the present definition of mental health provided in the text? - freedom from psychological disability Jake's behavior has been deemed a psychological impairment. What does this mean? - Jake's behavior interferes with his ability to function in his roles. If an individual's behavior deviates widely from the culturally accepted norm, would that behavior be abnormal according to the text? - No, the behavior would have to be accompanied by subjective distress and psychological impairment to be abnormal. A behavior that seems abnormal in one cultural context may very well be perfectly acceptable in a different culture or society. This is called - cultural relativity What would not be one of the text's criteria for abnormal behavior. - Distinctiveness What are the three criteria for something to be considered abnormal behavior? - Subjective distress Psychological impairment Cultural inappropriateness According to Sigmund Freud, the mind can be divided into what three parts? - id, ego, and superego what is concerned with basic instinctive drives in the unconscious. - the id
what contains our internalizing values and is something like a "conscience. - superego The driving force behind the Oedipal conflict for a young boy is - castration anxiety what is a defense mechanism in which a person behaves in a way directly opposite from some underlying impulse - Reaction formation Chuck had a really bad day at work. In particular, he is very angry that his boss presented Chuck's ideas for marketing a new product to the marketing team without giving Chuck credit for the idea. Of course, Chuck cannot express his anger to his boss, as that might lead to his getting fired. When Chuck gets home, he angrily picks a fight with his wife. This is most likely an example of? - displacement What is the predominantly conscious part of the mind. - the ego In John Watson's attempt to create a phobia in Little Albert, what was the unconditioned stimulus? - the loud noise What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? - In positive reinforcement, something is presented; in negative reinforcement, something is taken away. Training in deep muscle relaxation is usually the first step for which intervention procedure?
- systematic desensitization According to B. F. Skinner, operant conditioning is a form of - selection Twins resulting from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum are twins. - monozygotic What is not a neurotransmitter? - phenylalanine Which procedure involves stimulation of brain regions by magnetic fields? - rTMS What brain imaging machine uses the iron in the blood to show brain functioning? - fMRI MRI What theory claims that there are three levels of consciousness -
External cues that can trigger a panic attack that relate to environmental stimuli, such as crowds, or specific social situations are known as _______. - exteroceptive cues _____ is a type of survey that assesses characteristics with a series of questions that the individual answers that best reflect aspects of themselves. - Personality inventory what is not a general diagnostic criteria for personality disorders? - The enduring pattern is flexible and inconsistent across a broad range of personal and social situations. What are general diagnostic criteria for personality disorders? -
- The pattern is stable and of long duration with onset in adolescence or early adulthood
- The pattern leads to significant distress and impairment in important areas of functioning.
- An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations How do individuals with personality disorders respond to treatment? - They resist or refuse treatment and may sabotage their own therapy If an individual is having "ideas of reference" and sees events in their life as having special meaning, or that they can cause an event by thinking about it, they may have which disorder?
Schizotypal personality disorder During the ____ stage of the GAS, coping responses to the ongoing challenge are depleted. - exhaustion If you hear strange noises in the middle of the night and believe there is a burglar in your home, this stress would activate which division of the autonomic nervous system? - sympathetic nervous system The is the division of the autonomic nervous system that functions to conserve and restore, rather than expend, energy. - parasympathetic nervous system Anxiety disorders affect about what percentage of the population at some point in their lives.
28% What is a chronic sensation not clearly associated with any specific stimulus. - Anxiety A panic attack progresses to a peak within _____________. - 10 minutes
As part of the criteria for panic disorder, at least one of the panic attacks has been followed by ______ of persistent concern about having additional attacks and a significant change in behavior related to the attacks - 1 month Panic disorder affects up to ____ of the population at some point in life. - 5% The term is defined as relating to internal, physiological stimuli, while the term is defined as relating to external, environmental stimuli. - interoceptive/exteroceptive What therapies for panic disorder appear to be more effective and less subject to relapse. - Cognitive-behavioral Fear of strangers is known as - xenophobia A nearly constant state of worry and concern characterizes what disorder? - generalized anxiety disorder Grace checks her appearance in the mirror more than 40 times a day to make sure no hairs are out of place, her makeup is flawless, and her earrings have not moved. She brushes her hair for exactly 10 minutes on each side and has to count while brushing. If she loses count, she must start all over again. Grace probably suffers from what disorder? - obsessive- compulsive disorder The most effective intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder appears to be - exposure and response prevention Obsessive-compulsive disorder, if untreated, usually follows a(n) _____ course with symptoms ______ during periods of stress. - chronic/worsening Excoriation disorder involves - skin picking Habit reversal therapy involves -
- self-monitoring
- awareness of high-risk situations
- engagement in incompatible activities Luke was facing 20 years to life for his latest armed robbery. Although he never suffered from a psychiatric disorder in his life, he told the psychiatrist that he was hearing voices that told him to rob other people. This would best be described as____? - malingering Laura has a tendency to invent or exaggerate her symptoms for no obvious motive or reason, apart from playing sick. She would be diagnosed with_____ -
conversion disorder While Jack did not lose contact with reality, he did feel a recurrent feeling of detachment or separation from his body, sort of like watching himself in a movie. This is known as _____ - depersonalization Dr. Brown believes that personality is a collection of psychological characteristics, such as kindness or dependability, which can be identified and measured. She would be best described as a - trait theorist The DSM-5 lists how many different primary personality disorders? - 10 Which cluster of personality disorders tend to present symptoms that observers consider odd or eccentric. - Cluster A Which of the following personality disordered individuals would have recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding the fidelity of a spouse or sexual partner? - paranoid personality disorde People with what disorder are largely indifferent to criticism. - schizoid personality disorder ______ individuals initially diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop schizophrenia. - Only a small percentage of The Cluster B personality disorders include individuals who may be described as. - emotional or dramatic Individuals with antisocial personality disorder frequently are able to talk their way out of difficult situations and may "con" others into believing their good intentions for the future, demonstrating their ____ - the ability to make a good impression on others Of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, what percentage are female. - 75% Frank believes he is more important than he really is. He has a grandiose sense of self- importance and is preoccupied with fantasies about his own success and brilliance. Frank would best be described as having what disorder? - narcissistic personality disorder In the general population, what percentage display at least one of the personality disorders. - 9% The most common personality disorder diagnosis is most likely ____ - other specified personality disorder
The use of written materials that may have life significance is called? - bibliotherapy Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is effective in treating which of the following? - borderline personality disorder subjective stress is an individuals experience of internal distress is ____ - not apparent to others PSTD is - What is the weakening of the conditioned response? - Extinction The unconscious is part of what model? - The psychodynamic model What is tranference? - emotions being transferred to someone else Which category or disorders does PTSD belong to? - Trauma and Stress related disorders
