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abnormal psych midterm
What makes defining abnormality difficult? a.Criteria for abnormality have yet to be developed. b.There is not a clear dividing line that serves to distinguish different behavior from that which is abnormal. c.There are so many types of abnormal behavior that they can't be accurately described. d.Most of us are abnormal much of the time. - b Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders? a.A classification system allows for research to advance. b.Identifying the disorder that an individual has guides treatment. c.When a label is used to describe an individual's behavior information is lost. d.A classification system establishes the types of problems that mental professionals can treat. - c. In the United States, the standard for defining types of mental disorders is contained in the a.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM). b.World Health Organization's classification code. c.American Psychological Association's bylaws d.American Psychiatric Association's bylaws. - a. What is the most prevalent kind of psychological disorder? a.dissociative disorders. b.substance abuse disorders. c.depressive disorders. d.anxiety disorders. - d In ancient times one of the treatments for abnormal behavior that consisted of prayer, incantations, and noise-making were all techniques for a.improving a person's dreams. b.helping a person become possessed by good spirits. c.altering a person's brain functioning. d.exorcising demons. - d. The approaches to treatment of the mentally ill during the Middle Ages in Europe are best characterized as
a.medical. b.superstitious. c.humane. d.scientific. - b. What is "mass madness"? a.a reference to the increased incidence of schizophrenia seen 16 years after a flu epidemic. b.a reaction to the harsh and inhumane treatment of the mentally ill during the Middle Ages. c.a reaction to hallucinogenic compounds taken as part of religious rituals in ancient Egypt. d.an exhibition of disordered behavior by a group of people that appears to be caused by hysteria. - d. If you visited an asylum in the 16th Century in Europe like Bedlam you would likely find a.exorcisms being done by priests. b.a place which mixed together the mentally ill, the poor, criminals, and the physically ill. c.a place where people were given good food, work, and rest so they could recover. d.mentally ill people living in conditions of filth and cruelty. - d. Phillipe Pinel a.believed that mental patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, so treatment was aimed at making their lives as patients uncomfortable. b.believed that mental illness was due to possession by demons and exorcism was the only useful treatment. c.believed that mental illness was purely a physiological phenomena, and could only be treated by physical means such as bloodletting. d.believed that mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such - with kindness and caring. - d. Which one of the following increased the availability of treatment for the mentally ill in the United States? a.Phillipe Pinel. b.Emil Kraepelin. c.Dorothea Dix. d.Benjamin Rush. - c. Which of the following occurred in the late twentieth century? a.dramatic increases in the cost of caring for the mentally ill. b.the establishment of large inpatient facilities for the mentally ill. c.a movement of the mentally ill from institutions to the community(de-institutionization). d.the inpatient mentally ill population doubled. -
d Finding meaning in life and dealing with purpose form core values in which perspective? a.Behavioral b.Object Relations c.Psychoanalytic d.Existential/Humanistic - d The site of communication between two neurons is the a.vesicle. b.nucleus. c.synapse. d.neurotransmitter. - c Which of the following elements of the personality can be described as impulsive and selfish? a.ego. b.id. c.superego. d.ideal self. - b Freud's view of mental disorders was that they were a result of a.problematic tendencies we develop while dealing with our early interpersonal environments. b.learned maladaptive behaviors that were rewarded with attention. c.genetic abnormalities that influence people's ability to cope with their environment. d.unresolved conflicts between the id, the ego and the superego. - d Newer psychodynamic perspectives a.do not view the libido as a primary determinant of behavior. b.recognize intrapsychic conflicts as a primary determinant of behavior. c.disregard most elements of Freud's theories. d.emphasize the role of the id. - a After being bitten by a dog, Jose finds that he feels afraid whenever he sees a dog. In classical conditioning terms, the dog can be described as a(n) a.unconditioned stimulus. b.conditioned response. c.unconditioned response. d.conditioned stimulus. -
d Due to ________, we can learn from the experiences of others. a.generalization. b.classical conditioning. c.observational learning. d.instrumental conditioning. - c Behaviorists suggest maladaptive behavior can be a result of a.failure to learn adaptive behaviors. b.lack of generalization of behaviors. c.extinction. d.a poor response-outcome expectancy. - a Cognitive-behavioral psychologists believe that abnormal behavior a.results from distorted thinking and information processing. b.consists of learned maladaptive response patterns. c.results from neurotic thought processes. d.results from impaired patterns of interpersonal relationships. - a A psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study a.peer rejection and attributional style. b.assimilation and accommodation. c.parenting style and self-schemas. d.poverty and racial discrimination. - d A person comes to a mental health professional with a certain complaint. The professional attempts to understand the nature and extent of the problem. This process is called a.screening. b.clinical treatment. c.diagnosis. d.assessment. - d What role does the psychosocial context play in assessment? a.Social context is not considered during assessment, only during diagnosis. b.An evaluation of the environment in which the client lives is necessary in order to understand the demands he faces, as well as the supports that are present.
"Projective" and "objective" are two types of ________ tests. a.neuropsychological b.intelligence c.psychodynamically-oriented d.personality - d Which of the following is an objective test? a.Thematic Apperception Test b.Rorschach Test c.MMPI- d.Sentence-Completion Test - c Why is classification a necessary first step in developing an understanding about abnormal behavior? a.Only through development of a classification system can abnormal and normal behavior be differentiated. b.Unless an adequate classification system exists, all descriptions of abnormality will necessarily be subjective. c.Communication about abnormal behavior can not be effective unless what is being discussed is clear. d.Abnormal behavior is not abnormal until it has been classified as such. - c One criticism of diagnostic labels is that a.the multiaxial system is so complicated to use that few people are able to use it well. b.there are so many different systems of diagnosis that it is hard to understand what an individual diagnosis means. c.they can influence both other people's and the diagnosed person's perception of themselves in negative ways. d.they make other information unnecessary, so restrict the type of services that insurance will cover. - c A predisposition towards developing a disorder a.is called a diathesis. b.necessarily is biological. c.increases the likelihood of developing any given disorder by 50%. d.necessarily is a psycho-social stressor. - a Eustress is:
a.seen when a situation is ambiguous. b.the same thing as distress. c.a response to a happy life event. d.characterized by euphoria. - c Which of the following would most likely be a source of eustress? a.finding out that a loved one has cancer b.getting a divorce c.graduating from High School d.losing your job - c What do eustress and distress have in common? a.They have an equivalent potential for causing lasting damage. b.Both tax one's resources and coping skills. c.They usually last indefinitely. d.Both occur without warning. - b The "fight or flight" response a.is made possible by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. b.is made possible by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. c.is the same thing as Selye's general adaptation syndrome. d.is an adaptive reaction to the daily demands faced today. - a Who is likely to have the most severe stress? a.Tony, telling a joke to cover up hurt feelings b.Josh, who has been told he has cancer and whose wife announces she is leaving him when he tells her the news c.Bill, who has a deadline the next day for an important project. d.Anne, who is planning her wedding. - b Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between the------------: a.nervous system and the hypothalamic system b.nervous system and the immune system.. c.psychological system and the nervous system d.repression and the immune system. - b What seems to be the most important component for coronary heart disease in the Type A behavior pattern?
a.negative thoughts, but not a change in physiological arousal. b.a complex blend of negative mood and self-preoccupation. c.concern about the future. d.the activation of the "fight or flight" response. - d Which of the following is one of the five primary types of anxiety disorders recognized in the DSM-IV-TR? a.bipolar disorder b.Generalized anxiety disorder c.dissociative fugue d.hypochondriasis - b Martin is afraid to fly. He knows his boss wants him to take a trip for the business. Martin feels miserable, because he wants to keep his job but cannot even imagine getting on a plane. The most likely diagnosis for Martin is a.agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. b.panic disorder with agoraphobia. c.specific phobia, situation type. d.social phobia. - c Kayla has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid that she will blush and sweat, and that other people will laugh at her. She is fine talking to people in one-on-one settings. Kayla's most likely diagnosis is a.specific phobia, situational type. b.generalized social phobia. c.social phobia. d.agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. - c Compared to anxiety, panic is a.longer lasting. b.more intense. c.slower to develop. d.less focused. - b Panic disorders are often misdiagnosed because a.patients are so embarrassed by their problems, they do not make them known to professionals. b.the symptoms are so chronic and mild, they do not seem like serious forms of psychopathology. c.symptoms are so somatic they are treated by physicians for medical problems.
d.the symptoms overlap so much with major depression. - c Mrs. B. tells her psychologist, "I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am terribly worried when I am in a car or bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences." What disorder does Mrs. B probably have and what experience is she talking about? a.The disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder, the experience is an obsession. b.The disorder is specific phobia, the experience is a panic attack. c.The disorder is generalized anxiety disorder, the experience is anxiety. d.The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack. - d Amber feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost everyday to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. Amber's most likely diagnosis is a.generalized social phobia. b.generalized anxiety disorder. c.obsessive compulsive disorder. d.panic disorder with agoraphobia. - b Persistent and recurrent thoughts are a.hallucinations. b.delusions. c.compulsions. d.obsessions. - d Most people with obsessive-compulsive disorder a.experience compulsions, but obsessions are relatively rare. b.experience obsessions, but compulsions are relatively rare. c.develop compulsions in childhood, and obsessions in adolescence or adulthood. d. experience both obsessions and compulsions. - d Jessica spends much of her day counting or saying certain words to herself. When she is not doing this, she is checking whether she left her doors unlocked. These symptoms illustrate a.neither obsessions nor compulsions. b.both obsessions (the counting and saying words) and compulsions (the checking). c.obsessions. d. compulsions. -
a.She has no disorder. b.bipolar II disorder. c.dysthymic disorder. d.major depressive disorder. - d Which of the following is true of major depressive disorder? a.About twice as common in women than men. b.It is equally common amongst men and women. c.it does not begin until after adolescence. d.It occurs five times as much in the elderly. - a The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that a.seasonal affective disorder is a unique entity that should not be categorized with other forms of unipolar depression. b.changes in circadian rhythms underlie most forms of depression. c.SAD is when a person is very light sensitive and experiences depression when there is less sunlight d.this is a not a real form of depression as any response to light is merely a placebo effect. - c Freud suggested that depression a.involved the anal stage of development. b.was anger turned inward. c.was a result of overly high self-esteem. d.was actually a healthy adaptation to stress. - b Bipolar disorder is to major depression as ________ is to ________. a.cyclothymia; dysthymia b.mania; hypomania c.hypomania; mania d.dysthymia; cyclothymia - a The prognosis for bipolar disorder is a.uncertain. b.guarded, most people continue to have some symptoms. c.excellent, most people recover fully. d.unpredictable, all possible outcomes are seen frequently. - b
Reynaldo has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most effective drug for him is a.lithium. b.one which will increase his dopamine levels. c.one which will counteract the effect of sodium in his nerve cells. d.dexamethasone. - a Which of the following is true? a.Neither unipolar nor bipolar disorder have a strong genetic contribution. b.Unipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than bipolar disorder. c.Bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder. d.Both unipolar and bipolar disorders have a strong genetic contribution. - c Quentin is severely depressed and presents an immediate and serious suicidal risk. In the past he has not responded to antidepressants. A wise course of action is to treat him with may be a.electroconvulsive therapy because it can rapidly reduce symptoms. b.lithium because suicide is almost always accompanied by manic episodes. c.anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine and valproate because they can prevent future depressions. d.Prozac because it can reduce symptoms in 12-24 hours. - a A diagnosis of Bipolar II disorder indicates that the person has experienced__________ a.an episode of mania or major depression b.an episode of mania and an episode of major depression c.an episode of mania d.an episode of hypomania and an episode of major depression - d The majority of individuals who ATTEMPT suicide are ________ and the majority of those who COMPLETE suicide are ________. a.women and people under age 35; men and people over age 65 b.men and people over age 65; women and people under age 35 c.adolescents; the elderly d.the elderly; adolescents - a Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are a.somatoform disorders. b.malingering disorders. c.anxiety disorders. d.dissociative disorders. -
c.dissociative fugue. d.malingering identity disorder. - c Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as a.neurasthenia. b.conversion hysteria. c.multiple personality disorder. d.psychogenic amnesia. - c Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities a.only "come out" when there is no stress in the environment. b.are very much like one another. c.are very much like Brigid. d.are strikingly different from Brigid. - d Which of the following summarizes the post-traumatic theory for the origin of DID? a.Genetically programmed tendencies to dissociate are triggered by stress. b.Therapists unwittingly reinforce role-playing of alter identities. c.Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape" d.The rewards of avoiding punishment from the legal system induces people to fake symptoms. - c The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is a.acceptance of the alter personalities. b.reduction in the impact of distress and impairment. c.self-understanding of the causes for the alter personalities. d.integration of the alter personalities. - d Incidence vs. Prevalence - Incidence is number of new cases that occur in a specific period of time; Prevalence refers to the total number of cases in a population during any specified period of time What percentage of people will experience some mental disorder during the course of their lifetime? - Just under 50% (50 percent) Why can abnormal psychology research be conducted in almost any setting? - Research prevents us from being misled by prior inferences and biases and can be conducted in clinics, hospitals, schools, prisons, and on the street. It is not the setting that
determines whether a given research project may be undertaken. The importance lies in the researcher's methodology. Three different approaches to gather information on mental disorders - Case studies, self-report data, observation approaches Case studies - Valuable source of new ideas and serve as a stimulus for research. They also provide insight to unusual clinical conditions that are too rate to be studies in a more systemic way Self-report data - data collected directly from participants, typically by means of interviews or questionnaires Observational approaches - Collecting information without asking participants directly for it Outward behavior can be observed directly Biological variables can be observed via technologically advanced methods third variable problem - the fact that a causal relationship between two variables cannot be inferred from the naturally occurring correlation between them because of the ever-present possibility of third-variable correlation protective factors - influences that reduce the impact of early stress and tend to predict positive outcomes Perspectives that psychologists take to understand the cause of abnormal behavior - Biological, psychological, social, and cultural perspectives Most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology - Psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral
