Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

UNSW Abnormal Psych Midterm., Exams of Psychology

Harvard UniversityPsychology

UNSW Abnormal Psych Midterm. UNSW Abnormal Psych Midterm.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 12/04/2024

DrShirley
DrShirley 🇺🇸

3.3

(4)

4.6K documents

1 / 11

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
UNSW Abnormal Psych Midterm
psychopathology -
"psych"/soul + "pathos"/suffering + "ology"/study (logos)
abnormal -
undesirable, change is needed
factors considered in definition of abnormality and why cannot just define by that factor -
violation of social norms
- cultures have different norms
- statistically measured by comparing normal/not normal behavior across globe...but people
like prodigies not crazy
distress/disability
- distress from death not abnormal//distress NOT experienced by anti-social murderer is
abnormal
- bulimia may be distressing but not interfering
social norms -
rules that govern/not acceptable behavior in society
DSM-5 -
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- considered all factors of abnormality
- psychological disorders involve significant difficulty in thinking, feeling, or behaving
- symptoms seen as maladaptive and distressing to individual and peers. Also impair
social/occupational functioning (disability) and violate social norms
what is meant by "statistical definition of abnormality"? -
compare globally what people consider normal. What falls out of range is abnormal
Why is depression considered abnormal when it is so common? -
classified as abnormal because it is distressing and disabling
implications to social norm definition of abnormal -
different socially acceptable behavior depending on where you go
when personal distress isn't relevant in defining abnormality example -
distress from death is normal
no distress from murdering someone is not normal and indicates anti-social personality
Importance of Book of classifications -
DSM-5
- help doctors communicate about same suite of symptoms in common language
- Clinicians/clients confident diagnosis would be same no matter the location
- important legal and administrative ramifications (workers compensation)
1 | P a g e
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

Partial preview of the text

Download UNSW Abnormal Psych Midterm. and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

UNSW Abnormal Psych Midterm

psychopathology - "psych"/soul + "pathos"/suffering + "ology"/study (logos) abnormal - undesirable, change is needed factors considered in definition of abnormality and why cannot just define by that factor - violation of social norms

  • cultures have different norms
  • statistically measured by comparing normal/not normal behavior across globe...but people like prodigies not crazy distress/disability
  • distress from death not abnormal//distress NOT experienced by anti-social murderer is abnormal
  • bulimia may be distressing but not interfering social norms - rules that govern/not acceptable behavior in society DSM-5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • considered all factors of abnormality
  • psychological disorders involve significant difficulty in thinking, feeling, or behaving
  • symptoms seen as maladaptive and distressing to individual and peers. Also impair social/occupational functioning (disability) and violate social norms what is meant by "statistical definition of abnormality"? - compare globally what people consider normal. What falls out of range is abnormal Why is depression considered abnormal when it is so common? - classified as abnormal because it is distressing and disabling implications to social norm definition of abnormal - different socially acceptable behavior depending on where you go when personal distress isn't relevant in defining abnormality example - distress from death is normal no distress from murdering someone is not normal and indicates anti-social personality Importance of Book of classifications - DSM-
  • help doctors communicate about same suite of symptoms in common language
  • Clinicians/clients confident diagnosis would be same no matter the location
  • important legal and administrative ramifications (workers compensation)

How DSM-5 different - recognizes cultural differences-->culture can change experience/expression of psychological dysfunction disorders polythetic and categorical more dimensional than previous edition (asperger's and autism under same umbrella) More detailed - physiological findings (ex: electrolytes and eating disorders), age of onset, prognosis Advantages and disadvantages of standardized classification system - Important legal and administrative ramifications - workers compensation Risk of stigma - others labeling diagnosis or self-diagnosis causing people to unconsciously 'play the role' of the disorder Can trivialize (minimize) experience but diagnosis can be liberating for some (validation, no more asking 'why am I like this?) polythetic - disorders have many symptoms that may or may not be shown DSM-5 perspective categorical - disorders and symptoms present/absent suites of symptoms tend to cluster--helps specify/differentiate DSM-5 perspective comorbity - if clusters of symptoms... co-occurrence of one/more disorders in some person some argue some disorders the same because they cluster so often-->dimensional approach better how to measure disorder? - operational definition operational definition - scientist decides how variable defined/measured ex: depression=5+ symptoms in two weeks and is a change from past symptoms cannot be from physiological effects or substance drawbacks of classifying mental illness -

female condition in which an absence of sex = insomnia, anxiety, irritability because misalignment of uterus treated with paroxysm paroxysm - treatment of hysteria so many people wanted this so Dr. Joseph Morton Magranville made first electronic vibrator biological tradition - illness having biological (not supernatural) causes...changed with Christianity and Middle Ages Supernatural tradition - mental illness from being cursed/possessed by demons

  • exorcism
  • many mentally ill kill/locked/totured-->continued into renaissance Deca - theorized about structure of the mind DeVinci - dissected human bodies to understand asylums -
    • created to house/treat/study these people
  • upperclass visited for fun
  • Bethlehem Royal Hospital ('Bedlam') continued humoral therapies
  • treated inhumanely until 19th c. changes started humoral therapies - bloodletting, blistering moral therapy - if you treat mentally ill kindly/respectfully they might feel better
  • melancholic and maniacs separated...given music/activities for therapy
  • rarely practiced because understaffing/funding
  • lots of malpractices brought to court/banned psychological tradition - psychotherapy/psychoanalysis "Anna O" - referred to Joseph Breuer because pathoparalysis, speaking difficulty and 'self hypnotised state' so referred to asylum -->no biological evidence of cause but coincided with father's death-->diagnosed with hysteria and encourged to talk through thoughts/feelings--

checked out/got better then was readmitted

sigmund freud claimed hysteria from what - repressed sexual urges-->developed psychoanalysis How ancient Egyptians and Greek physicians practiced form of empirical science - trepanation used in Egypt-->psych/physical illness = same hippocrates observed cralateral control and proposed humors how hippocrates philosophy of illness/treatment different from previous thinking - saw it as being physically caused rather than supernaturally how mental illness viewed in middle ages - supernatural tradition main purpose of mental asylums - keep undesireable people off streets not necessarily caused biologically; could be triggered by life event but also not caused by demonic factors how psychological tradition differed form supernatural/biological traditions - talk through feelings/issues what biological tradition disregards - psychological well-being what made mental illness a a medical condition - biological tradition Before 20th c. and drugs - drugs in asylums mostly sedatives by 1950 drug treatments massed produced like there is 'one size fits all treatment'

  • opiums replaced with barbituates like Luminol (all equally addictive
  • 30s-50s new drugs created: Lithium (bipolar today), Chlorpromazine/Largactil (psychosis today) and Imipramine (first depressant) most people did not actually need these drugs lobotomy - drilling into skull to cut into bits of frontal lobe
  • sometimes lessened violence but was because they had brain damage physical interventions in psych - lobotomy drugs insulin coma therapy ECT Insulin Coma Therapy -

major humanistic psychologists - abraham maslow carl rogers abraham maslow - heirarchy of needs heirarchy of needs - higher level needs (love, self-esteem, self-actualisation) cannot be achieved if basic bio/psych (food, shelter, safety) needs not meet first carl rogers - person-centered therapy person-centered therapy - talk through problems to find own solution

  • limited effectiveness for serious mental health concerns but aspects like uncondition positive regard to client remain important why humanistic psychology critized - not very scientific pros/cons of drug therapies - ( - )
  • replacement of opium with barbituates like Luminol not different because all equally addictive
  • many did not actually need these drugs, it was just an easy way to gain control of patients (+)
  • Lithium still used for bipolar disorder
  • Chlorpromazine/Largactil still used for psychosis
  • Impramine first anti-depressant why psychodynamic theory fallen out in favour with modern psychologist - not scientific what aspect of person-centered therapy remains important in modern psychology? - uncondition positive regard Ivan Pavlov -
    • dog experiment
  • learned association theory
  • began behavioralism
  • designed emperical experiment to test LAT through classical conditioning (Pavlonian) who started behavioralism? - ivan pavlov
  • before this, psychology not scientific

Learned Association Theory - Pavlov theorised dogs learning to associate him with meat powder unconditioned stimulus - food - don't need to learn to salivate when see/smell food (natural) unconditioned response - salivation conditioned stimulus - a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place the bell - learned association condition response - a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus salivation to bell NOT indefinite extinction - idea that a conditioned response is not indefinite ex: if no food after bell for a little while, dogs will eventually stop drooling methods in psychology before behavioralism and their flaws - free association - inconsistancy/low-test reliability rely on therapist's interpretation - lacks inter-rater reliability no verification if these methods tap into unconscious - lack validity if something lacks validity what does that mean? - not measuring what think you are measuring John B. Watson -

  • could classical conditioning make someone fear previously unfeared object?
  • "Little Albert Experiment"
  • stimulus generalization stimulus generalization - spreading of learned associations (ex: little albert fearing all fluffy white things even though rabbit was condition stimulus) mary cover jones - watson's student systematic desensitisation first phobia treatment -

scientific theory hypothesis design study operationalising - reliable/valid/replicable way to measure our observations

  • operational definition usually informed by scientific theory scientific theory - detailed explanation of how/way phenomenon occurred based on multiple empirical observations and used to predict future occurrences of that phenomenon hypothesis - testable prediction case studies - detailed account of a single person's experience, can be unreliable because don't know what true cause is and is only an individual not a population
  • useful to find correlation correlation - potential relationship ≠causation true experiments - random population randomly allocated into experimental/control group placebos - eliminate expectaiotn biases double blind experiment - both experimentors and subjects don't know groups independent variable - manipulated variable Quasi experiment - when experimenter groups subjects in terms of naturally occurring variable (ex: gender)-->would be unethical to deliberately give people mental illness dependent variable - measured variable cofounding variables - want to control for other factors that could impact results why classical/operant conditioning called associative learning? - learned conditioned response from given stimuli

extinction, how achieved? -