BIOS 251 Week 3 Case Study; Cells, Assignments of Biology

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Week 3 Case Study: Cells Student Name Chamberlain University College of Nursing Anatomy & Physiology 1 with Lab Dr. Elizabeth Kostal

Brian indicates that the mutation is in a gene found in the mitochondrial DNA. What does Brian mean by that and why did he signify mitochondrial DNA? Due to the gene being in the mitochondrial DNA, it is being referred to the genetic makeup of the individual. Brian is referring to a change in the mitochondrial DNA's genetic makeup, which affects the form and function of mitochondria, which are responsible for the cell's energy generation. Through the egg cell, mitochondrial DNA is transferred from mother to offspring. Brian then refers to mitochondrial DNA, since the changes occur only in the mitochondrial DNA and not in the overall DNA of the entire organism. With LHON being a hereditary disease caused by a mutation of the mitochondrial DNA, the mutation then causes the cells of the retina to stop working correctly or to eventually die all together. What is the main function of the mitochondria within the cells? The function of mitochondria within cells varies because it performs a numerous amount of functions. In the book Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, the author Kenneth Saladin explains that the main function of mitochondria is that they generate chemical energy that is needed to power the cells biochemical reactions (Saladin, 2019). This type of chemical energy is produced by the mitochondria and is then stored in a small molecule that is known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Describe the composition of the mitochondrial membrane and compare that with the composition of a eukaryotic cell membrane. What are the functions of cell membranes? A basic phospholipid bilayer forms the mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria are contained within this structure. Porins, a type of integral protein found in the outer membrane, are

References Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders. (2013, December 12). Mitochondrial pathology. Neurodegeneration: Exploring Commonalities Across Diseases: Workshop Summary. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK208519/. Saladin, K. (2019). Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill.