BIOS 251 Week 3 Case Study; Cells., Assignments of Biology

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Case Study: Cells Dhruti Patel Chamberlain University College of Nursing BIOS 251 Professor Don McClure Date

A mutant gene is one that is passed on maternally and contains the genetic code for certain proteins. Mitochondrial DNA is hereditary and maternal since it can only be transferred from mother to daughter through the egg. Retinal cells that have undergone mutations either die or stop working. The cells' energy- producing engine is the mitochondria. That produces ATP, regulates innate immunity, calcium homeostasis, and programmed cell regulation. Eukaryotes have a single-layer bilayer membrane while mitochondria have a double-membrane organelle. Things are kept in or out of the cell by the membrane. The mitochondrial membrane is a simple bilayer of phospholipids. That protects the mitochondria. Porins, a class of integral proteins found in abundance in the outer membrane, oversee the movement of molecules from one side to the other. ETC, the ATP synthase complex, and transport proteins are all present in the inner membrane. Multiple folds of the inner membrane result in layered formations known as cristae. Lipids and a bilayer, transmembrane proteins, cell surface indicators, and an internal protein network make up the four major parts of the cell membrane. Cell membranes serve as receptors, cell identification markers, aid in intercellular adhesion, and are critical for cell recognition and communication. I would imagine that a rise in mitochondria may result in the over- or under-production of energy and a form of visual nerve short- circuit. It's possible that the mutation affected the optic nerve because it was either too much or too little. DNA and energy are produced by mitochondria. The cell wouldn't get any energy. The heart of a cell's strength is its mitochondria. References Behura, S. K., Lobo, N. F., Haas, B., DeBruyn, B., Lovin, D. D., Shumway, M. F., ... & Severson, D. W. (2011). Complete sequences of mitochondria genomes of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus and comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA fragments inserted in the nuclear genomes. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology,41(10), 770-777.