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A. Traditional arts The traditional arts in the Philippines encompass folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expressions of traditional culture. There are numerous Filipino specialists or experts on the various fields of traditional arts, with those garnering the highest distinctions declared as Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA), equal to National Artist. (wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines n.d.)
- Folk architecture - Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group, where the structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials.
- Maritime transport - Maritime transport in the Philippines includes boat houses, boat-making, and maritime traditions. These structures, traditionally made of wood chosen by elders and crafts folks, were used as the main vehicles of the people, connecting one island to another, where the seas and rivers became the people's roads. (wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines n.d.)
- Weaving - is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today, with each ethnic group having their distinct weaving techniques. The weaving arts are composed of basket weaving, back-strap loom weaving, headgear weaving, fishnet weaving, and other forms of weaving
5. Folk performing arts – according to Ramirez, Veronica “Performing arts include dance, music, plays and dramas”. Filipino folk performing arts includes dances from the ethnic group, Spanish and American influences. Various folk dramas and plays are known among the people an example of which is the Non-Hispanic traditions and drama over epic the Hinilawod, Ibalong and Senakulo. (Ramirez 2016
6. Folk (oral) literature - The arts under folk (oral) literature include the epics, songs, myths, and other oral literature of numerous ethnic groups in the Philippines.
a. Tanaga - is an indigenous type of Filipino poem, that is used traditionally in Tagalog language. consists of 7777 syllable count, but rhymes range from dual rhyme forms to freestyle forms. b. Awit - is a type of Filipino poem that consist of 12-syllable quatrains, following the pattern of rhyming stanzas of established epics such as Pasyon. c. Pasyon - (Spanish: Pasión) is a Philippine epic narrative of the life of Jesus Christ, focused on his Passion, Death, and Resurrection. In stanzas of five lines of eight syllables each, the standard elements of epic poetry are interwoven with a colorful, dramatic theme. d. Florante at Laura - considered as one of the Philippine masterpieces in
e. Balagtasan – is a Filipino form of debate done in verse and term is taken from the surname of Francisco Balagtas.
7. Folk graphic and plastic arts - The fields under folk graphic and plastic arts are tattooing, folk writing, and folk drawing and painting. A. Folk writing (calligraphy) - The Philippines has numerous indigenous scripts collectively called as suyat, each of which has their own forms and styles of calligraphy.
- Suyat is the modern collective name of the indigenous scripts of various ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century up to the independence era in the 21st century. The scripts are highly varied; it denotes a unified neutral terminology for Philippine indigenous scripts.
- Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad-tipped instrument, brush, or other writing instrument. By the end of colonialism, only four of the suyat script survived and continue to be used by certain communities in everyday life. These four scripts are hanunó'o/hanunoo of the Hanuno'o Mangyan people, buhid/build of the Buhid Mangyan people, Tagbanwa script of the Tagbanwa people, and palaw'an/pala'wan (ibalnan) of the Palaw'an people. All four scripts were inscribed in the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme, under the name Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and Pala’wan), in 1999. (wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines n.d.)
9. Hat-making, mask-making, and related arts A. Hat-making - is a fine art in many communities throughout the country, with the gourd-based Tabungaw of Abra and Ilocos being one of the most prized. They are currently worn during festivals, rituals and theatre. B. Mask- making - creation is both an indigenous and imported tradition, as certain communities have mask-making practices prior to colonization, while some mask-making traditions were introduced through trade from parts of Asia and the West. C. Accessories making - in the Philippines are almost always worn with their respective combination of garments, with some being used as accessories for houses, altars, and other objects. Among the more than a hundred ethnic groups in the Philippines, the most accessorized is possibly the Kalinga people. D. Ornamental metal crafts - are metal-based products that are specifically used to beautify something else, which may or may not be made of metal. They are prized in many communities in the Philippines, where possibly the most sought after are those made by the Maranao, specifically from Tugaya, Lanao del Sur. (Datuin, et al. 2016)
10. Pottery - The art of pottery, categorized into ceramic making, clay pot-making, and folk clay sculpture, has long been a part of various cultures in the Philippines, with evidence pointing to a pottery culture dating around 3,500 years ago. (Dautin, et al. 2016 B. Non-Traditional Arts The non-traditional arts in the Philippines encompass dance, music, theater, visual arts,
6. Film and Broadcast Art - Film and broadcast arts focuses on the arts of direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, animation, performance, and new media. The origin of the cinematic arts in the Philippines officially began in 1897, upon the introduction of moving pictures to Manila. Filipino aided foreign filmmakers until 1919, when José Nerpomuceno made the first ever Filipino Film Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden). 7. Architecture and Allied Arts - Architecture under the category of non-traditional arts focus on non-folk architecture and its allied arts such as interior design, landscape architecture, and urban design. a. folk architecture - is the folk architecture of various ethnic groups within the Philippines. The diversity in vernacular architecture range from the bahay kubo, bahay na bato, torogan, idjang, payyo, and ethnic shrines and mosques.[273] Upon the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, various Western architectures were introduced such as Baroque. (F. M. Datuin, et al. 2016)
