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PJM Generation Dispatch and PJM Generation
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Real Time transmission constraints or contingencies may be alleviated with generators operating ______ Off cost (Out of Merit) What is the minimum size solar park to be requires to have real and reactive power telemetry? 3 MW PJM calls for which of the following to recover the ACE so that the tie line schedules are maintained? Synchronized reserves If not cancelled by PJM, the minimum generation alert expires: At the end of the specified light load period When PJM declares a hot weather alert, the generation dispatcher should: Determine if maintenance can be deferred
During system restoration, the two categories of reserves are: Dynamic and Spinning During System Restoration, Frequency should be maintained between: 59.75 and 61 Hz PJM issues a heavy load schedule. Member companies who own generating facilities should: Ensure voltage regulators are in service in Auto Mode A unit being dispatched economically by PJM should set its MW output based on this: Units dispatch rate or desired MW level What hourly reserve data is required of a generator in PJM? A compensated MWh delivered by each unit During system restoration, prior to sync of the unit, the dispatcher should ensure sufficient load is available to: Stabilize unit operation A non-zero ACE indicates: An imbalance of generation and load During certain emergency conditions, a capacity performance generation resource that fails to generate the required amount of energy may be charged: A non-performance assessment charge
Schedule Detail The loss of a large generating unit on PJM system can be detected by monitoring: Frequency and PJM ACE A 1000 MW unit has tripped in the PJM control area and the PJM ACE now indicates undergeneration of 1050 MW. What immediate action should be taking by PJM to recover the ACE? Report 100% synchronized reserves to be loaded Which of the following emergency procedures are issued in advance of a scheduled load period to allow sufficient time fot the generation dispatcher to prepar for anticipated capacity Alerts The amount of synchronized reserves must be large enough to cover the loss of: The largest single contingency When preparing a SSR, a steam unit has 20 hours of fuel remaining. This unti should be reported as: A resource limited unit During Blackstart Restoration, priority access to cranking power should be given to: Hot units that can return to service immediately Severe cold weather conditions require which of the following to be staffed, started, and available for loading? Combustion Turbines and Diesels The minimum passing score for a unit regulation test is: 75% compliance with the test signal
During system restoration, a generator should not be loaded above the level of available: Dynamic Reserve A capacity resource that intends to be eligible to set real-time LMP must: Be modeled in the PJM EMS Which of the following PJM systems are used to report unit outages? eDART, eMKT and eGADS Which of the following units is subject to offer capping? A unit running for transmission congestion eDART is used for all of the following EXCEPT: LMP information Which of the following generating units would be eligible to set LMP? A unit dispatched for constraint control A tie line with MW flowing into the PJM control area trips. The system operator will see which of the following occur? ACE and frequency remains the same A minimum generation Emergency Alert is initiated when: Expected generation is within 2500 MW of normal minimum energy limits The primary purpose of a Maximum Generation alert is to: Provide an early alert that system conditions may require PJM emergency procedures A combustion turbine has 26 burn hours at max capacity. How should this be offered into the energy market? Normally Emergency reducible generation is defined as the difference between
During severe geomagnetic activity, PJM observes an indication of > 10 Ampheres at Missouri Avenue Facility that is confirmed by a second source. The PJM operator should immediately implement: Conservative operations Which of the following would NOT cause for a sudden deviation in the balancing area ACE? Loss of an adjacent control area generation What is the time requirement that a generator that wishes to self- schedule itself must provide to PJM? 20 minutes The two control signals sent by PJM EMS are: Regulation and Dispatch Rate/Desired MW output Maintenance outage extensions may be granted provided that the request for extension is made: Prior to the end of the outage What is the regulation requirement for the PJM balancing area during on-peak hours? 1.0% of forecasted peak load What are the two NERC control standards that PJM must score at least 100% in order to be compliant? DCS and CPS What is the threshold for PJM assigning or de-assigning regulation to generators? +/- 15 MW of requirement Who should a generator contact at PJM to clear an outage ticket? Master Coordinator Which of the following is NOT a control mode that PJM considers?
Frequency Bias LMPs will change: When marginal generation outputs change What is the maximum time limit for the maintenance outages that occur during the PJM peak period maintenance season? 9 days A fossil steam unit is considered fuel limited when it is not capable of running at maximum capacity for the next: 72 hours A large unit in an external control area near PJM/PJM West trips. The PJM operator will see ACE: a. Remain the same, frequency decreases Maximum generation emergency is declared by PJM when which of the following occurs? Generation is required above the highest incremental economic system cost Which of the following reports will PJM request when a Maximum Generation emergency alert is issued? Supplementary Status Report (SSR) If a fossil steam unit has less than 32 hours of fuel at maximum capacity, it should be held at: Maximum Emergency PJM responds to capacity shortages by issuing alerts: In advance of a scheduled load period to allow sufficient time for members to prepare for anticipated initial capacity shortages Which of the following factors DOES NOT influence the load forecast? Planned Generation outages
During a system restoration you have 400 MW of Steam Capacity, 350 MW of CT capacity, and 300 MW of Hydro Capacity restored. Your largest contingency is a 200 MW steam unit. You have also restored 150 MW of under-frequency load. What is your total dynamic reserve? ( Load pickup factors are 5% for steam, 15% for hydro, and 25% for CT) 285 MW What is the most critical communication path when restoring large load blocks early in a system restoration? Between the generating Unit and the Transmission Owner Your entire system has blacked out due to an event. You reserve word from PJM that the entire region is affected as well. Your blackstart generation resources are spread throughout your system, which cover a large area. Which restoration strategy would be the best for you to implement? Bottom-up Multiple Island approach During a system restoration, which entity directs the loading of generation, to match the load restored? The Transmission Owner Your entire system has blacked out due to an event. You receive information that your neighboring systems are also blacked out. What main urban load center restoration strategy would be best for you to implement? Bottom-up Core Island approach Select the statement that best describes why Minimum Source Requirements have been established: To prevent or reduce the effects of line changing when energizing EHV transmission Which of the following is true concerning blackouts? They could occur at any time or any load level
For each transmission zone that has a critical load requirement, PJM will ensure at a minimum the allocation of how many Black Start resources? 2 During a restoration process you have 6,000 MWs of customer demand restored and frequency drops by 1 Hz. How much load needs to be shed to restore frequency back to where it was prior to the disturbance? 360 MW to 600 MW Which of the following statements would be considered an implication from receiving power from an outside entity? Unintentional interconnection between the two areas Which of the following is/are requirements for black start units: (Pick all that apply) 1,2, and 3 If a change to the capability of a Black Start resource affects the ability of a generator to meet the TO's individual restoration plant, the Generator Operator shall notify the TO of the known changes within: 24 hours Concerning PJM requirements for critical start generation, which of the following statements applies to the units capability to maintain frequency? (Pick all that apply) Picking up an isolated block of loads / Dynamic offline testing of the units governor control Dynamic Reserves consist of: Governor Reserve and load that has been restored with under frequency relays Each Generation Operator with a black start resource shall provide training to each of its operating personnel responsible for operating the unit at a minimum of: Two hours of training every two calendar years
been restored. What is the total governor reserve capability of the company's steam, combustion turbine, and hydro units? 95 Concerning the PJM requirements for critical Black Start generation, which of the following statements applies to the unit's capability to maintain frequency? (select two) Picking up an isolated block of loads / a. Dynamic offline testing of the unit's voltage controls According to the NERC EOP-005-2, Requirement 9, each TO shall have Black Start testing requirements in place to verify the capability of each generation resource to meet the restortation plan requirements. Under this process, each generator shall be tested at least every: three years When connecting islands, how do you know if your system is stable? (choose 2) Load is being picked up with automatic under-frequency relaying available / a. Small deviations in frequency and voltage when restoring loads Which of the following can NOT be changed hourly? A. Price of regulations The field windings of a generator are located in which part of the generator? rotor Which of the following is not a goal of the PJM Market Monitor? maximization of generator revenues A means of generating hot water, and/or high and low pressure steam and electricity at the same time, from the same energy source, yielding a highly efficient power plant is defined as: Co-generation
The basic function of Gen Checkout is to: Compare the values in the Day Ahead Market Who is eligible to receive lost opportunity cost not recovered by the regulation market clearing price revenues? PJM scheduled regulation only Interchange is best described as? Energy transferred from one specific point to another Which of the following equipment controls generator shaft speed, controls frequency, and adjusts generation for small changes in load? Governor A 500 MW generator is following economic dispatch and is currently loaded at 400 MW. This units ramp rate is 3 MW/min. How much spinning reserve is available on the unit? 30 MW Tier 1, 0 MW Tier 2 To whom does the Market Monitor Report? PJM Board of Members When are regulation assignments are posted on eMKT? 30 minutes prior to operating hour Over excited test results means the system is? Lagging (Pushing VARs) Which is not selection for unit status in eMKT? baseload Which of the following statements considering Scarcity Pricing is correct? The highest market-based offer in the scarcity region sets the price for the entire scarcity region
If a steam unit falls below max capacity for { } hours, an oil-fired CT falls below max capacity for { } hours, or a gas fried CT falls below max capacity for { } hours, the PJM master Coordinator should be notified immediately. 32, 16, 8 When a GMD is confimerd, PJM will operate at what percentage of transfer limits? 95% When a market operation center's data link to PJM is down, the dispatcher must manually update the tele-failed data to PJM Every 30 minutes A combustion turbine has 26 hours at maximum capacity. How should this be offered into the energy market? Normally Which of the following emergency procedures are issued in advance of a scheduled load period to allow sufficient time for the generation dispatcher to prepare for the anticipated capacity shortages? Alerts Maximum Genertation Emergency is declared by PJM when which of the following occurs? Generation is required above the highest incremental economic system cost What control signal is measured in MWs? Economic Basepoint Which of the following are considered by PJM as valid transmission emergencies? All of the above Emergency reducible generation is defined as the difference between:
a. Normal Min Gen and Emergency Min Gen Minimum generation is defined as the difference between: Ecomin and Emergency Min What capacity alert is issued when the estimated operating reserve capacity is less than the forecasted synchronize reserve requirements? a. Voltage Reduction Alert Solar magnetic disturbances can have which of the following impacts on electrical power systems? All of the above The uncontrolled loss of multiple system facilities or load, whether because of loss of synchronism, voltage collapse, or thermal overload defined which of the following cases? Cascade Event Which of the following is NOT considered to be an advantage of a Supercritical boiler over a Subcritical Boiler? Start-up time The three PJM All-Call categoried include Operational, Informational, and.... Emergency Procedures GO control centers with units totalling { } MW or more must have satellites phones and participate testing. 500 MW The price offer for regulation cannot exceed: $1000/MW What is the requested response time for members to reply to a request for SSR data? a. 30 minutes
100 MVAR increments The band of regulating capacity must be: Within the economic limites of the generating unit The excitation system of a generator provides all of the following except: a. Provides AC current Regulation updates can be made no later than: 60 minutes prior to the beginning of the desired operating hour ending Energy available within 30 minutes for either on-line or off-line generation is defined as: Operating Reserve Which of the following is true concerning excitation voltage? Magnetic field strength is controlled by excitation voltage Which of the following statements is true concerning the characteristics of a generators governor control? Issue a fast time error correction immediately At 0800 CST, a balancing area that has a time error of +12 seconds should do which of the following? Issue a slow time error correction immediately Synchronized reserves are comprised of two types of 10 minute reserves. Name the two types. Tier one and Tier two Name the two regulation types: Reg A and Reg D The ability of a generator to dampen out oscillations caused by relatively minor disturbances through the action of properly tuned control systems defines:
Dynamic Stability Demand side response can participate in which markets? All of the above All of the following are advantages to owning a Combustion Turbine except for: Efficiency Which of the following types of generation is considered as the most efficient thermally? Combined Cycle A generator is currently operating at 225 MW. At 0600, a reduction in the current MW level is needed. The generator has a ramp rate of 2 MW/min. At what time will the generator reach the desired MW level of 171 MW? 0627 Which of the following conditions are present during periods of light loading or over-generation on the power system? (Pick all that apply) High Voltage A generator which is connected to the bulk power grid has a constant speed which is dictated by: Frequency Which of the following characteristics of governor control forces generators to respond to frequency disturbances in proportion to their size? Voltage Regulation All regulation offers must be submitted to PJM no later than: 1415 EPT the day before the operating day
