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Hagia Sophia, Constantinople*
Justinian Building Called Constantine's Church of the Holy Wisdom. It faced the palace which emphasized Justinian's combination of imperial and Christian authority. Following destruction during Nika Riots. Symbolic of Imperial Power/Christian glory Theological focus on light. 530's Central dome 184 ft high supported by 4 arches. Became a mosque after Turks captured the city. Medallions are religious quotations in Arabic TERM 2
Justinian
DEFINITION 2 Justinian (483 - 565) commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire. Tried reuniting east and west. Had military expeditions Raised taxes in Constantinople and increased poverty. Last Latin speakingemperor. Priest and king. TERM 3
Theodora
DEFINITION 3 Justinian's Wife. Showed steel in her soul by encouraging Justinian to stop rioters. 500- Most influential and talked about of all Byzatine empresses. Using her brains and beauty to overcome her low social status. Advised Justinian in every part of his rule. Strongly pushed her religious views. TERM 4
Procopius
DEFINITION 4 Contemporary Historian who famously displayed a conflicted response toJustinian. Some of his works praised Justinian's bold initiatives in war and architecture, but Procopius's Secret Historypresented scandalous stories about the alleged cruelty and sexual immortality of Justinian and his wife. TERM 5
Nika Riots
DEFINITION 5 The Nika riots, or Nika revolt, took place over the course of a week in Constantinople in AD 532. It was the most violent riot that Constantinople had ever seen to that point, with nearly half the city being burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people killed. Riots cause of high taxes, Red vs Greens. Half of the city burned, Theodora's Role in persuading Justinian to fight caused a Slaughter of 30,000.
St. Patrick
Ireland 432 W/Bishop Palladius Irish Church, Isolated 2 centuries, lacked central organization, ascetic, and was the foundations of medieval monasticism TERM 7
Gregory the Great
DEFINITION 7 Pope Gregory the Great, letters; 398-601 to Mellitus, Abbot in France - Roman Style Christianity in British Isles. Waspopefrom 590 until his death. Gregory is well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as pope. TERM 8
St. Augustine
DEFINITION 8 Augustine, Benedictine Commisioned by Pope Gregory King Ethelbert of Kent (560-616) converted wife Bertha. 1st ArchBishopofCanterbury. England Christianity conflicts with Irish. TERM 9
Council at Whitby or Synod at Whitby
DEFINITION 9 (King Oswy) Reconciled, 664. Chose Roman Christianity. Lent is a big deal. Calculated Easter and observe the monasticTonsureaccording to the customs of Rome, rather than the customs practised byIonaand its satellite institutions. The synod was summoned in 664 at Saint Hildadoublemonasteryof Streonshalh (Streanshalch), later calledWhitby Abbey TERM 10
Charlemagne
DEFINITION 10 Frankish King, most powerful of Carolingian monarchs, conquered new territory, took the title ofemperor, and presided over a revival ofchristianclassical culture known as the Carolingian renaissance. The unity of Carologinianempirewasshaky. 768-
Medina*
Medina, or '; also transliterated as Madinah, or madinat al- nabi "the city of the prophet") is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. North of Mecca Conflicts with Mecca. TERM 17
5 Pillars of Islam
DEFINITION 17 The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory by Sunni Muslims. Shadadah - Profession of faith - No God but Allah. Salat - prayer 5 x per day. Fasting - Ramadan (9th month) Zakat - tax for alms for widows/children. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca. TERM 18
Sunni
DEFINITION 18 Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam. Sunni Shi'ite split remains a religious and political fact today. Called Sunni from Sunna, the practices ofMuhammad. Majority, descendants of 'Uthman. TERM 19
Sufi
DEFINITION 19 Sufism or is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. Mystical Islam, Minority. TERM 20
Shi'ite
DEFINITION 20 The second largest denomination of Islam. Partisans of 'Ali, Directdescendantsof Prophet through Fatima and 'Ali. Minority (15%)
'Ali
Lived 600- 656-661 Caliphate. Mohammed's cousin and son-in-law was assassinated [became symbol of justice/righteousness] Memory lived on through Shi'iteMuslims. Shunnedother kinds of caliphs. TERM 22
Done of the Rock, Jerusalem
DEFINITION 22 Built 690. Shrine, is a model for its octagonal form and its interior arches. Assert Islamic Doctrine. TERM 23
Great Mosque,
Cordoba*
DEFINITION 23 Umayyad at first converted the building into a mosque and then built a new mosque on the site. 785 Located South Spain, which is south of France. Site of Visibothic Cathedral TERM 24
Convivencia
DEFINITION 24 La Convivencia is a term used to describe a postulated situation in Spanish history when Jews, Muslims, and Catholics in Spain lived in relative peace together within the different kingdoms. Peaceful coexistence betweenIslam, Judaism and Christianity. Security guaranteed in Islamic state. TERM 25
Averroes
DEFINITION 25 Ibn Rushd (1126-1198), Averroes of Cordoba. Court of Almohad rule in Spain. Islamic law, medicine, astronomy, philosophy. Commentaries on Aristotle. Neoplatonism - Theory of emanation -1st cause - God.Condemned for heresy - exiled. Family.
