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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Problem Language is an expression of human communication through which the knowledge. Everybody knows that language can not be apart from human life. People need language for communication with each other. By the language they will be easy to express their ideas, opinions, feelings, etc. Therefore, language has a central role in students’ social and emotional development. It can support them in learning all subject matters. In learning language, there are four skills should be mastered by students, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. These four skills should be involved by teacher in process on teaching and learning in a classroom. Speaking and writing refers to productive skills while reading and listening refers to receptive skills. In supporting those four skills must be involved vocabulary and structure and grammar. Because without them will be found problems in doing the language as each language has each vocabulary and grammar structure. Vocabulary in English is different from the vocabulary of other language such as Indonesian. In English vocabulary will have different writing and pronunciation. Therefore, some students less pronounce words or sentence in
English. Vocabulary is an essential part in foreign language learning as the
meanings of new words are very often emphasized, whether in books or in 1
classrooms^1_._ It is means when the students without having vocabulary,they cannot make meaningful sentence in communication with each other. English has structure and rule which is different from the languages especially in grammar. Grammar is the basic knowledge of constructing group words that can be identified into subject and predicate and it has a complete meaning^2. Moreever, for students, grammar is an aspect which becomes the most difficult to learn in English. In writing, students can not make a good writing if the students do not understand all aspects in grammar as three other skills. In every English class, grammar become important subject that should be learnt by the students. The student will learn how to write the sentence in an appropriate way and learn variety of tenses. There are many aspects discussed in English Grammar. One of them is passive voice. Passive voice is grammatical construction in which a head noun functioning as the subject of the sentence, clause or verb is affected by the action or being acted upon by the verb.^3 Generally, active sentence that can be transformed into passive sentences are in the form of active sentences containing transitive verb (verbs that require a direct object). For the students, to change the active into passive is of the target language is very confusing. So, they must pay attention to verb used in active to passive. (^1) Mofareh Alqahtani, “The Importance of Vocabuary in Languge Learning and How To Be Taught,” International Journal of Teaching and Education III, no. 3 (2015): 21, https://doi.org/10.20472/TE.2015.3.3.002. (^2) Ratna, Ferry Rita, and Zarkiani Hastim, “Teching Passive Voice To The Grade X Through Egra Technique,” E-Journal of English Teaching Society (ELTS) 4, no. 2 (2016): 1. (^3) Scholastica Chinyere Amadi, “Learning the English Passive Voice : Difficulties , Learning Strategies of Igbo ESL Learners and Pedagogical Implications,” International Journal of English and Literature 9, no. October (2018): 52, https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2018.1146.
There are many factors that cause students do not understand about passive voice sentences, such as, first, they found it difficult to identify the form of passive voice. Second , they found it difficult to identify the form of verb. Third , they found it difficult to change active voice into passive. And also the students are low motivation in learning process. In teaching learning process some of them lazy to learn, feel sleepy and make noise. All the factors will influence how well the students can achieve the competency of writing. Base on above explanation , the researcher is interested in examining their difficulties to learn Passive Voice. Therefore the writer in interested in carrying out a research entitle “The Students’ Difficulties in Mastering Passive Voice at grade Xth^ Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Baharuddin Tapanuli Selatan”. B. Focus of the Problem Base on the background of the problem above, this research is focused on students difficulties in mastering passive voice in two tenses, they are Simple Present tense and Simple Past tense only. C. Definition of the Terminologies
1. Mastery Mastery is the cognitive introduction behaviors students characteristic , emotional instruction features, and the quality of teaching activity (clue, reinforcement, students’ participation).
2. Difficulties Difficulties is the quality of something that makes hard to do, and having a learning difficulty does not make someone less intelligent, it just means they learn in a different way that can render traditional classroom activities problematic. 3. Passive Voice Passive voice is a style of writing where what would be the object of a sentence becomes the subject of a sentence. It is the relationship between a subject and a verb in which the subject receives the action of the verb. So, the students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice at grade X Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Baharuddin Tapanuli Selatan can distinguish and object place function of subject and object in each sentence. D. Formulation of the Problem The problem in this research can be formulated as :
- How is the students’ mastering passive voice at grade X Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Baharuddin Tapanuli Selatan?
- What are the students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice at grade X Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Baharuddin Tapanuli Selatan?
- How do the teacher’s effort to overcome the students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice at grade X Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Baharuddin Tapanuli Selatan?
- The second chapter consist of : theoretical review consist of students’ difficulties and passive voice mastery.
- The third chapter is research methodology. In research methodology consist of time and place of the research, research design, source of the data, technique of data analysis.
- The fourth chapter consist of the result research.
- The fifth chapter consist of the conclusion and suggestion
