Senior High School Contemporary Arts -MELC 1-2, Lecture notes of Performing arts

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Contemporary

Philippine Arts from

the Regions

Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Philippine Contemporary Art

Forms and Practices

Senior High School

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine

Arts from the Regions

Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Contemporary Art Forms and

Practices

Department of Education • Republic of the Philipines

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations.

Introductory Message The Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module for Understanding Culture, Society and Politics has been designed to provide simplified, convenient and accessible to all types of learners, especially those who has inability to attend regular class due to personal family conflicts as well as for formal school. The content of the module has been validated by evaluators to ensure its alignment to the curriculum designed by the Department of Education for Senior High School. Moreover, the topics activities were designed interestingly and comprehensively to enhance learning ability for assessment of learning. There are formative and summative activities including the answer keys which can be seen at the last page of the module. Educators are encouraged to use the module as supplement and intervention for learners.

What I Know The humanities can be described as the study of how people process and document human experiences. Since humans have been able, we have used philosophy, literature, religion, art, music, history and language to understand and record our world. These modes of expression have become some of the subjects that traditionally fall under the humanities umbrella. Knowledge of these records of human experiences give us the opportunity to feel a sense of connection to those who have come before us, as well as to our contemporaries. The term “humanities” comes from a Latin word “humanus,” which means “human, cultured and refined.” Generally, human beings possess and show quality like rationality, kindness and tenderness. Such basic qualities of human gain different connotations based on one’s environment, values, beliefs and experiences. They are contributing factors to the refinement of human’s basic qualities. Today, humanities is comprised of disciplines dedicated to the study of human condition through qualitative approach. They are branches of learning concerned with human thought, feelings and relations. Thus, humanities refer to sculpture, architecture, painting, music, dance, theater and literature. And being the study of arts, its most concern is the importance of the human being—his emotions and how he expresses those. However, it should be stressed that humanities emphasize analysis and exchange of ideas rather than creative expression of the arts or the quantitative explanation of the sciences.

Lesson

Understanding Philippine Arts

Art, being an old form and most important means of expressions, is very significant in our lives. It is actually a language that has sprung up among men living together. It also concerned with the communication of certain ideas. It appeals to our minds, arouses our emotions, kindles or imagination and enchants our senses (Machlis, 1963). Thus, each artwork reflects the ideals and hopes even the fears of individuals living in a specific period of time—things that help us make sense of our lives and the world we live in. What’s In A. Identify whether the following is FA (fine arts), DA (decorative arts) or CA (contemporary arts). Write your answers on the space opposite each item.

1. wine glass 1. ______ 2. batik 2. ______
2. jewelry 3. ______
3. collage 4. ______
4. mural 5. ______ B. List down two examples of the following art forms: 1. Painting; 2. Sculpture; 3. Architecture; 4. Music; 5. Dance; 6. Theater; and 7. Literature.

inanimate objects to convey artistic expression such as music, dance and theater. Music is a universal form of art created from the manipulation of sound, voice, instruments, computers or a combination of these. Dance, on the other hand, is a pattern of movements of the body, usually, with the accompaniment of music. It could be classified based on its choreography. While theater arts, is a collaborative form of art that uses actors to present an experience before an audience in a specific place. Music Dance Theater Classical Popular Traditional Traditional Modern Contemporary Including: Hiphop Ballet Jazz Improvisational Comedy Tragedy Musical Melodrama Including: Mime Puppetry Subject of Arts To majority of people, the appreciation of arts comes from the representation of familiar subjects. Their enjoyment comes from perception of meaning of what they are seeing. So, when one asks “What an artwork is about?” he or she may mean as the visual representation of the artwork, the subject. It is defined as anything—person, object, place or event—that is being talked about in a work of art. Practically, everything under the sun could be a raw material for the artists to draw his subject from. Most of it are representations of what the artists thought and felt when doing an artwork. And these subjects depicted in various works of arts could be classified into:

1. Landscapes, seascapes, and cityscapes.
2. Still life. Group of inanimate subjects arranged in an indoor setting.
3. Animals
4. Portraits. A copy or a representation of the likeness of a person.
5. Figures
6. Everyday life
7. History and religion
8. Legends and mythology
9. Dreams and fantasies Functions of Arts Compared to other activities of man, art is generally regarded as impractical, not meant to meet the requirements of our daily living. To the layman, art has very little function, the term function being taken as “practical usefulness." Architecture, weaving, furniture-making and few other crafts have obvious pruposes and are therefore classified as functional. But painting, sculpture, literature, music and the theater arts seem to have no other end than to amuse or entertain audience. Thus, they are classified as non-functional. Broadly speaking, though all arts have function, for man and the maker, creates things because he has a particular need for them. So we may consider art

as having the general function of “satisfying” (1) our individual needs for personal expression, (2) our social needs for display, celebration and communication and (3) our physical needs for utilitarian objects and structures. The Personal Function  Vehicle of artist’s expression of their emotions (remember nature of arts)  Reflection of what they feel and release of tension  Therapeutic value  Helps educate our senses  Sharpen our perception of colors, forms, textures, sounds, rhythms and harmonies  Makes us aware of other ways of thinking, feeling and imagining Social Function  It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people o Placards and effigies are used to protest o Editorial cartoons used to criticize burning issues in the society  It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations o Display and celebration o Social description  It expresses/ describes social or collective aspects of existence as opposed to individual and personal kinds of experiences Physical Function  Form and function - houses are built for people to live in  Form and beauty  Community planning - efficient organization of buildings, roads and spaces so they meet the physical and aesthetic demands of the society o Residential districts o Industrial and commercial areas o Parks, plazas and malls o Streets and roads Mediums of Arts Unless an artist translates his experience into a form that can be perceived, it cannot be shared by other people. Art must exist in some medium to be recognized as such. Medium in art refers to the material or means which the artist uses to objectify his feeling or thought: pigment in painting, stone, wood, and metal in sculpture; various building materials in architecture; sound in music; words in literature; and body movements in the dance. Traditionally, according to medium, the arts are classified into:

1. The virtual or space arts – those whose mediums can be seen, and which occupy space. These in turn are grouped into two categories. 1. the t wo-dimensional arts , such as painting, drawing, printmaking, and photography, and; 2. the three-dimensional arts , such as sculpture, architecture, landscaping, community planning, industrial design, and the crafts like ceramics and furniture-making.
2. The auditory or time arts – those whose mediums can be heard, and which are expressed in time. These are music and literature.

poet’s technique is his way of putting words together to express an emotion or narrate a story. A pianist’s technique is his skill in handling the instrument and in interpreting a musical composition. Obviously, artists differ from each other in technique even if they work with the same medium. Each artist, working with the same medium may employ a different technique at another time for another purpose. Technique is adapted as the need arises. It is in the use of technique that the artist differs from the craftsman. The making of a piece of sculpture, for instance, is not the same as the making of a spoon or a cabinet. Although both require technical competence, “creativity” enters in the work of the sculptor. His work is almost always in response to some “leap of imagination” as some critics put it. It is an attempt to objectify an original, imagined design, and in the process of working his material, he exploits every possibility that the medium offers, never really knowing how his work will turn out until it is finished. The process then becomes adventure to him. He uses technique only as a means to an end. Not so with the craftsman. He merely follows the dictates of the designer and is concerned exclusively with the manipulation of the material to produce the kind of product that he is expected to turn out. He is not free to innovate. At best, he is a mere copyist, using technique as an end in itself. Originality, then, is what distinguishes an art from a craft – originality in expression, at least, for there is really no such thing as a completely original work of art. In judging a work of art, what matters is not so much the technical virtuosity of the artist as how well he has employed his means – medium and technique – to achieve his end What is It All arts are tools for communication, like how art inspires an artist to create an artwork to be appreciated by the society. So, whether it is a painting or a dance performance, if it is a venue to convey ones thought, experience or emotion, it could be considered an art. And every artwork reflects his or her society. Art offers us to understand the artists in the context of his community. And being one of the oldest modes of communication, arts are mirrored also in our various cultural and traditional celebrations meaning, art is often created and conceived by artists with consideration to the society and the community where they belong.

What’s More Fill out concept map below of the various new ideas you have learned about the nature of arts. Add more parts when needed.

What I Can Do

1. Discuss the main points of a local myth.
2. Divide the class into group. Each creates one to three minute of improvisation as follows: i. Dramatization of the story ii. Creates theme sone iii. Makes a tableau iv. Draw a poster
3. The finished product must come together as a movie/ project to be uploaded in Facebook or YouTube.

Assessment

1. In your own words, how do you express arts? Share your answers through a creative platform.
2. Create a brochure that shows difference sample of art forms that could found in your community.
3. Make a poster or an infographic of all the learnings for this lesson. Additional Activities “Terrific Techniques for Drawing and Sketching” by Ferry Angelyne M. Sisracon “Elements of Design Worksheet” by Ferry Angelyna M. Sisracon Answer Key What I Know DA DA DA CA CA

What’s New As mentioned in the previous lesson, art plays an important role in the identity of the Filipinos and the Philippine culture, in general. The various art forms, found even in the most remote and far-flung areas of the archipelago, mirror the country’s history, cultures and traditions. Art draws inspiration from the society and at the same time, art is honed by specific conditions that engendered its production (Datuin et al, 2016) Today, it is a common tendency of students and teachers alike to describe the current art forms as “modern.” Being modern means being up to date or relating to the present time. Often, it is also considered as contemporary. However, a clear line must be delineated to differentiate the two.

This lesson shall provide you with a ray of light on the differences between modern and

contemporary arts and the contexts of the latter. When we say context, it means not only the

background or backdrop but also what, how and why an art was made. Specifically, this lesson

gives you the difference between contemporary and modern arts in the context of Philippine

history and culture.

Modern Contemporary Time frame 1946-1969 1970s – present Historical overview Modern, conservative, abstract, experimental, public art Figurative, non-figurative, art for art’s sake, multimedia, mixed media, transmedia Stylistic overview Triumvirate, 13 moderns, abstract, neo-realist, surrealist, expressionist Abstract expressionism International, industrializing, eclectic Collaborative, hyperrealist, new painting Junk/ scrap art, neo- indigenous, site-specific performances, hybrid Urban planning, economic zones, neo-vernacular, regionalist, cosmopolitan Cultural overview Fine and world-based (museum-circulated, artist-centered, gallery- distributed) Popular or urban, mass- based (market-oriented) Other Characteristics Do not aim, copy or idealized realize reality, instead they change the colors and flatten the picture instead of creating illusions of depth, nearness and farness. Fluid – continuously in process and in flux Social realism Collaborative Process-oriented

Instead of the beautiful and pastoral, they create the “ugly” and unpleasant Integrative What is Contemporary Arts? The present is always the modern. And being modern means being technologically advanced—using laptop and smartphones effectively or being able to communicate well using the latest internet application or being able to be adept with the current social media craze. Often, being modern is also being contemporary. And contemporary art being “at present,” “new,” is also modern. People, especially students, tend to confuse that modern could also mean diverting from being “traditional,” “orthodox,” or conservative.” Therefore, the terms could be interchanged. First, a quick research on the history of the Philippines and considering the art forms and culture during pre-colonial until the modern periods (Fajardo and Flores, 2002). The following table includes on the visual arts—painting, sculpture and architecture. H I S T O R I C A L O V E R V I E W O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E A R T S (Fajardo and Flores, 2002) FORM PRE- COLONIAL SPANISH AMERICAN JAPANESE POST-WAR 70s-PRESENT Painting >pots

body ornaments jewelries religious icons portraits landscapes portraits still life wartime scenes propaganda Indegenizing and orientalizing works idylls modern conservative abstract experimenta l public figurative non- figurative arts for art’s sake multimedia transmedia Sculpture >pots carvings woodworks metalworks santos furnitures reliefs jewelries metalwork fiesta free- standing reliefs public Architecture >dwellings houses shelters worship areas official residences mosque masjid state edifices church plaza complex town planning fortification civic buildings and installations private residences commercial structures cemeteries bridges lighthouses city planning parks waterfronts civic/ govts structures public works apartmens residences offices health and public education chalet public works Real estate, safe housing, accessories, tenements, squatters, convention arch, commercial/ businesses, condos, malls, subdivisions, developments, low-cost housing

Figure 1.1. Historical Overview of Philippine Arts

It's also ironic that many people say they don't "get" contemporary art