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Portfolio

Advanced Reading and

Writing I/II/III

Teacher: Cristina Cano

Student: Corayma Zambrano

UNIT 1

GENIUS: NATURE OR NURTURE?

 The reorganization will transform the entertainment industry.

Collected information: Link: https://www.stephenwiltshire.co.uk/biography Stephen Wiltshire Stephen Wiltshire MBE, Hon.FSAI, Hon.FSSAA is an artist who draws and paints detailed cityscapes. He has a particular talent for drawing lifelike, accurate representations of cities, sometimes after having only observed them briefly. He was awarded an MBE for services to the art world in 2006. He studied Fine Art at City & Guilds Art College. His drawings are popular all over the world and are held in a number of museums and important private and public collections. Stephen was born in London, United Kingdom to West Indian parents on 24th April

1974. As a child he was mute and did not relate to other people. Aged three, he was diagnosed as autistic. He had no language and lived entirely in his own world. At the age of five, Stephen was sent to Queensmill School in London, where it was noticed that the only pastime he enjoyed was drawing. It soon became apparent he communicated with the world through the language of drawing; first animals, then London buses, and finally buildings. These drawings show a masterful perspective, a whimsical line, and reveal a natural innate artistry. The instructors at Queensmill School encouraged him to speak by temporarily taking away his art supplies so that he would be forced to ask for them. Stephen responded by making sounds and eventually uttered his first word - "paper." He learned to speak fully at the age of nine. His early illustrations depicted animals and cars; he is still extremely interested in American cars and is said to have an encyclopedic knowledge of them. When he was about seven, Stephen became fascinated with sketching landmark London buildings. One of Stephen's teachers took a particular interest in him, who later accompanied his young student on drawing excursions and entered his work in children's art competitions, many of which garnered Stephen awards. The local press became increasingly suspicious as to how a young child could produce such masterful drawings.

Link:https://www.aruma.com.au/about-us/blog/5-amazing-people-with-savant-

syndrome-the-truth-behind-rain-man/

As a young child, Stephen discovered a passion for drawing – first of animals, then buses, then buildings and the city’s landmarks. Throughout his early childhood, Stephen was unable to communicate verbally, but instead communicated through his drawings. Today, Stephen is an artist with a unique talent which has led to him being nicknamed the “human camera”. After he sees a city landscape just once (such as from a plane), he can draw it perfectly from memory – right down to the number of floors and windows on each building. Famously in 2005 following a short helicopter ride over Tokyo, he drew a perfect 10m landscape of the city, and has since also done Rome (watch him at work on YouTube), New York, and Singapore. Graphic organizer: Stephen Wiltshire At the age of five, he noticed that the only pastime he enjoyed was drawing. He is an artist with a unique talent.

He can draw a

cityscape after

seeing it only

once.

In 2005,he drew 10m landscape of the city,following a short helicopter ride over Tokyo In 2006, was awarded Member of the Order of the British Empire He was born in London, United Kingdom on 24th April 1974.

Unit 2 FACING LIFE’S OBSTACLES

Vocabulary: Abandonment (noun): Lack of money led to the abandonment of the plan Accountable (adj.): The recent tax reforms have made government more accountable for its spending. Gives up (verb): She gives up her career to devote her life to protect the endangered animals. Laborious (adj.): The arguments are cogent but the exposition is often laborious. Self – reliance (noun) : She championed hard work and self-reliance over benefits. Shame (noun): We are marching to turn our fear and sorrow and shame to power and imagination. Struggle (verb): Fish struggle for survival when the water level drops in the lake. Meager (adj): She came to this country with a fairly meager English vocabulary, but she is learning more words every day. Misery (noun): Ten years of marriage to him have made her life a misery. Yearned for (verb): She yearned for enter to the public university. Tormented (noun): The animals are tormented by flies and mosquitoes. Dilapidated (adj): The hotel we stayed in was really dilapidated Poverty (n): Two million people in the city live in abject poverty. Hopelessness(noun): I find the hopelessness of the situation very depressing. Shame (noun): He said he felt no shame for what he had done. Sordid (adj): There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city's poorer areas Defeated (verb): The movement was defeated but repression was quite limited.

2011). At the end of this period, she founded her own television network, the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), where she has continued to develop her work and enjoy very high levels of popularity. Since the 1990s, publications such as Forbes, Life and Time have considered her to be one of the most powerful and influential personalities in the world. Oprah Winfrey is a true myth for many Americans. This woman, whose life as a child was not at all easy, was able to overcome a traumatic childhood and eventually become a brilliant communicator. Born on January 29, 1954 in the U.S. town of Kosciusko, Mississippi, she was cared for by her grandmother until she was six years old. She then moved in with her mother and was forced to live in a hellish environment: she suffered physical and psychological abuse and mistreatment that turned her daily life into an ordeal. The unbearable situation determined that at the age of thirteen she decided to run away; she thought that when she was arrested she would be taken to her father's in Nashville, as indeed happened. At the age of nineteen she began to flirt with the world of communication, working as a reporter at a Nashville radio station; she had entered the University of Tennessee in 1971, where she even won several beauty pageants. At twenty-two, Oprah Winfrey moved to Baltimore, where she had an offer to host a television show, People are talking. Her first adventure on the small screen lasted for eight years, thanks in large part to her unique photogenic and natural appearance in front of the camera. Her professional career took another important leap in 1984, when WSL-TV in Chicago hired her to host a morning show, A.M. Chicago. Chicago; in just a few months Oprah Winfrey managed to bring a program that was last in the ratings to the top of the ratings. The key to this meteoric rise was undoubtedly the hostess, who took the opportunity to launch her own national program, The Oprah Winfrey Show. Premiered in September 1985, it was broadcast on 120 channels and immediately reached ten million viewers. Oprah also contributed to the spread of reading with the Oprah's Book Club section, included in her program; she has written books and has been a literary critic, runs her own website and is the editor of The Oprah Magazine, a magazine that since 2004 has followed the line of her television program. She has also as a incursions into the world of cinema: she participated in such well-known films as The Color Purple (1985), by Steven Spielberg, for which she was nominated for an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress; other notable titles in her filmography are Beloved (1998), The Butler (2013) and Selma (2014). In addition to an excellent professional, Oprah Winfrey is a woman concerned about social problems. Her childhood especially sensitized her, and she has not hesitated to get involved in different actions, both charitable and social awareness. In 1991, she campaigned for the creation of a nationwide database of pedophiles. This project was transformed into the Oprah-Bill law, which became a reality in 1993 under the presidency of Bill Clinton. Oprah also promotes a foundation that bears her name and is dedicated to supporting women and children in the world; among other actions, she allocates millions of dollars every year to help many young people without resources to study.

Graphic organizer:

in 1991.She was motivated in part by her own memories of childhood abuse so she yearned for initiate a campaign to establish a national database of convicted child abusers.In 2002 Forbes published the list of America's billionaires and it disclosed that Oprah Winfrey was the first African American woman to become a billionaire.Oprah is a clear example that obstacles make us stronger and that we can do something against them.She never felt defeated by being born in a meager family,she just followed her dreams.She has impacted nearly every aspect of the entertainment world while engaging,inspiring and enriching the lives of millions.She inspirated millions of people and now has a lot of followers for her constant struggle that inspire them to achieve their goals. Teacher’s comments:  I used was in the sentence “her mother was found” but the correct way of the grammar is “her mother found a job”.  I wrote as a housemais and the correct word is as a housemaid.  I used “yearned for initiate” but the the verb has to be with -ing.  I underlined engaging,inspiring and enriching but are verbs not gerunds.

Unit 3 Making Medical Decisions

Collected information: Link: https://www.partnermd.com/blog/genetic-testing-pros-cons

Pros of Genetic Testing

Treatment of Disease

If you already have a disease, understanding whether you have a genetic variant could

inform treatment protocols.

For example, women with breast cancer often struggle with whether they should

undergo chemotherapy. A 2018 study published in the New England Journal of

Medicine found “that many women with early-stage invasive breast cancer could

safely forgo chemotherapy, if they score in the mid-range or lower for risk that their

cancer will recur, as measured by a commonly used genomic test.”

The right genetic test for the right individual might provide information that would

allow a doctor to recommend a different type of treatment. This is where genetic tests

can be highly valuable.

Lifestyle Changes for Disease Prevention

If you don’t already have a disease, knowing you have a genetic variant for a particular

disease could lead you to make positive lifestyle/behavioral changes to help lower the

risk of getting that disease.

This can be useful for a disease such as Alzheimer’s. If you know you are more at risk

for developing Alzheimer’s due to a genetic variant, you can change your lifestyle to try

to lower your risk ahead of time.

Cons of Genetic Testing

A Negative Test Could Mask Additional Causes.

The result of any genetic test does not mean you definitely will not get a certain

disease. It simply means you don’t have the genetic variant for that particular disease.

Diseases have other causes, such as environmental factors (like toxins in the air or

water) and lifestyle habits (like an unhealthy diet or smoking). Just because a genetic

test turns up negative doesn’t make it a lock that you won’t develop that disease.

A Positive Test Could Unnecessarily Increase Stress.

Just like knowledge could decrease stress if it comes back negative, a positive test can

also unnecessarily increase stress. If a genetic test comes back positive for a certain

disease, it doesn’t mean you will automatically get that disease.

You could get a positive test in your 40s and spend the rest of your life worried about

whether that disease is going to come. And it may not. A positive genetic test just

means you’re at a greater risk to develop it down the line, but doesn't guarantee

anything.

Genetic Purgatory

There’s also the risk of “genetic purgatory.” You could have a gene that’s tested as

“variant of unknown significance,” or VUS, resulting in the mind game of “maybe it’s

bad, maybe it isn’t.”

This can lead to mental anguish or worse — unnecessary medical interventions.

Cost

While the cost of genetic sequencing has dropped steadily since its inception in the

late 1980s, the National Human Genome Research Institute estimates the cost at

around $1,000. As for health insurance coverage, that can vary as well, including

partial coverage or complete coverage, depending on the test.

The Pros and Cons of Genetic Testing

Link: https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/health-management/pros-and-cons-of-

genetic-testing-what-to-know-before-you-go

Cons of genetic testing

Not everyone is eligible: To get tested, a loved one must already have been affected by

a disease or disorder — and been genetically tested, too. The reason? “You need to

know what to go after,” Aatre says. Everyone’s body has seven to 10

nonworking/altered genes, she notes, so family and clinical history must dictate when

and where to focus attention (and avoid unnecessary anxiety).

It isn’t a full-body review: Testing is targeted: “When someone walks in my door, I’m

not going to screen them for everything on the planet,” Aatre says. “Without clear

markers, you’re opening Pandora’s box.” A patient whose parent was tested for a

genetic heart condition, for example, wouldn’t be a candidate for BRCA 1 or 2 testing

to determine breast cancer risk.

Testing can be costly: The price of genetic testing ranges from a few hundred dollars to

several thousand dollars. “They’re cheaper than they used to be but are still very

expensive,” Aatre says. Still, insurance typically covers such tests for newborns and

expectant mothers, as well as patients with a documented personal or family history or

a physician’s recommendation.

Grammar: Past unreal conditionals  If the meeting had been successful, we might have become partners with Smith and Co.  They could have had a better day if it hadn't rained the whole time they were at the beach.  If he had finished his work on time, we would have been able to play another round of golf yesterday.  They could have had a better day if it hadn't rained the whole time they were at the beach.  If they could have had the time, they would have attended the meeting.

Final writing task: (Writing 3) GENETIC TESTING Genetic testing can provide selected types of information, such as a disease, different types of DNA, family inheritance and more. In 2013, there was a case of a child who had obesity at his young age, so he was hospitalized for analysis in order to rule out the genetics of the disease or rule out some kind of nutritional problem. Fortunately, it was detected that it was a hereditary problem but could be treated with good nutrition and control. His mother might not have felt afraid with the result of the test if she had taken him to the hospital a few months ago.From my perspective,I am in favor of this, it can help many people to analyze what diseases they may have and take a treatment to do something about it because in the future it can have an impact in their life. As far as genetic testing in pediatrics is concerned, some doctors point out that is the most efficient way to find diseases when you are young. For example, obesity at an early age is often detected at the time of the first check-up, according to the Obese Child and Diabetes Program. Most families inherit this condition; however, If the children with hereditary obesity had fed properly, the disease would not have been such a risk factor.In fact, it is estimated that children have a 50% chance of suffering from this disease, taking into account that genetics is not the only decisive factor and that no matter how active they are, they may be at risk of suffering from other diseases that can be treated. It is important to know about what diseases we may have because learning you do or don’t have a genetic variant can often provide relief from the “fear of the unknown.” Think about the stress that comes from an online search of a simple symptom and the litany of diseases that appear as a result. It’s worrisome for everyone. If you don’t already have a disease, knowing you have a genetic variant for a particular disease could lead you to make positive lifestyle or behavioral changes as a way of finding an alternative of treatment. If there had been information about the risks of hereditary diseases, people would not have doubted to take a test. There is a percentage of people who see genetic testing as a means of wasting money because they believe that the results are inconsistent or unsubstantiated values. However, I think that acquiring a test is not at all expensive since you can go to any health center and acquire one at any time to take care of your life so I think that all iis in our hands because we have all the possibilities to take care of our health.If the Ministry of Health had facilitated access to genetic testing, we would have been able to get more people treated early for their diseases. I hope that in the future people can change this thinking and that they can treat their illnesses in time in order to find their life's potential.