Text Progression and Coherence in the English Education System, Appunti di Lingua Inglese

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An introduction to text

structuring

Paola Catenaccio

Unit 1

Lingua inglese I LIN

Constructing texts

• What is a text?

• We have spoken extensively about coherence and

cohesion;

• Coherence  underlying structure which «holds

together» a text (relationships between parts of the

text)

• Cohesion

• Surface manifestation of coherence;
• Devices that signal TEXT PROGRESSION

• How is text progression orchestrated????

Thematization/topicalization

EDUCATION IN ENGLAND: AN OVERVIEW.

Education in England is overseen by the

Department for Education and the Department

for Business, Innovation and Skills at a national

level.

thematization/topicalization:

• Accomplished through lexical/syntactic

devices

• Target of thematization/topicalization:

beginning of the sentence

• Education in England is overseen by the Department for

Education and the Department for Business, Innovation and

Skills nationally. At local level, local authorities take

responsibility for implementing policy for public education

and state schools. Full-time education is compulsory for all

children between 5 and 16, and consists of primary and

secondary stages. Primary education usually lasts for six years;

in Year 6, all children in state primary schools are required to

take National Curriculum tests in reading, writing,

mathematics and science. As for secondary education, it lasts

for at least 5 years and mostly takes place in comprehensive

schools, which cater for all abilities.

Education in England is overseen by the Department for Education and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills at a national level. At local level, local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state schools. Full-time education is compulsory for all children between 5 and 16, and consists of primary and secondary stages. Primary education usually lasts for six years; in Year 6, all children in state primary schools are required to take National Curriculum tests in reading, writing, mathematics and science. As for secondary education, it lasts for at least 5 years and mostly takes place in comprehensive schools, which cater for all abilities. More limited in number are grammar schools, which select students through a competitive exam. An even smaller percentage of students attend fee-paying independent schools. Among the best known independent schools are the “public schools”, such as Harrow and Eton. Strange as it may seem, these are actually elite private schools. After compulsory education, students may continue their secondary studies for a further two years, leading most typically to A level exams. Only after obtaining A level qualifications are students allowed to apply for university studies. Higher education institutions typically provide undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The former, also known as Bachelor’s Degrees, usually last for three years. As to postgraduate degrees, several options exist, including Master's Degrees, either taught or by research, and Doctor of Philosophy, a research degree that usually takes at least three years

Education in England is overseen by the Department for Education and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills at a national level. At local level, local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state schools. Full-time education is compulsory for all children between 5 and 16, and consists of primary and secondary stages. Primary education usually lasts for six years; in Year 6, all children in state primary schools are required to take National Curriculum tests in reading, writing, mathematics and science. As for secondary education, it lasts for at least 5 years and mostly takes place in comprehensive schools, which cater for all abilities. More limited in number are grammar schools, which select students through a competitive exam. An even smaller percentage of students attend fee-paying independent schools. Among the best known independent schools are the “public schools”, such as Harrow and Eton. Strange as it may seem, these are actually elite private schools. After compulsory education, students may continue their secondary studies for a further two years, leading most typically to A level exams. Only after obtaining A level qualifications are students allowed to apply for university studies. Higher education institutions typically provide undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The former, also known as Bachelor’s Degrees, usually last for three years. As to postgraduate degrees, several options exist, including Master's Degrees, either taught or by research, and Doctor of Philosophy, a research degree that usually takes at least three years

Co-reference (theme maintenance, with variation)

Education in England is overseen by the Department for Education and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills at a national level. At local level , local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state schools. Full-time education is compulsory for all children between 5 and 16, and consists of primary and secondary stages. Primary education usually lasts for six years; in Year 6, all children in state primary schools are required to take National Curriculum tests in reading, writing, mathematics and science. As for secondary education, it lasts for at least 5 years and mostly takes place in comprehensive schools, which cater for all abilities. More limited in number are grammar schools, which select students through a competitive exam. An even smaller percentage of students attend fee-paying independent schools. Among the best known independent schools are the “public schools”, such as Harrow and Eton. Strange as it may seem, these are actually elite private schools. After compulsory education, students may continue their secondary studies for a further two years, leading most typically to A level exams. Only after obtaining A level qualifications are students allowed to apply for university studies. Higher education institutions typically provide undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The former, also known as Bachelor’s Degrees, usually last for three years. As to postgraduate degrees, several options exist, including Master's Degrees, either taught or by research, and Doctor of Philosophy, a research degree that usually takes at least three years

Fronting

Thematization/topicalization

expressions

• Marriages, he says, “seem to thrive on, proportionately, a

little negativity and a lot of positivity‟. As for/as to/With

regard to/with respect to/as regards divorce, Gottman’s

research leads him to conclude: “It is an unpalatable, but

inescapable truth that some marriages cannot and should not

be saved.‟

• The younger age groups contain higher proportions of people

who are found guilty of, or cautioned for, criminal offences

than do older age groups. As for/as to/With regard to/with

respect to/as regards theft, for example, in 1970, 38 percent

of persons accused of theft were juveniles.