UNIT 1A
• PRESENT SIMPLE
– We use the present simple for things are always true or happen regularly :
- Remember the spelling rules for third person singular
– We use the present simple with adverbs of frequency (usually, never) or expression of frequency (every day,
once a week)
- adverbs of frequency go before the main verb and after be
- expression of frequency usually go at the end of the sentence or verb phrase
• PRESENT CONTINUOUS : BE + VERB + ING
– We use the present continuous for action in progress at the time of speaking. These are normally temporary,
not habitual, action.
– Remember the spelling rules
– We also use the present continuous for future arrangements
• ACTION NON-ACTION VERB
– Verbs which describe action can be used in the present simple or continuous
– Verbs which describe states or feelings are non-action verbs. They are not usually used in the present
continuous, even if we mean “now”.
– Common non-action verbs are: agree, be, believe, belong, depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love,
matter, mean, need, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem,suppose, want
– Verbs of the senses are normally also non-action
UNIT 1B
• BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE (future plans, intentions, prediction)
– We use “be going to” when we have already decided to do something
– We use “be going to” to make a prediction about the future, especially when we have some evidence
• PRESENT CONTINUOUS : BE + VERB + ING (future arrangements)
– We often use the present continuous for the future arrangements
– We often use the present continuous with verbs relating to travel arrangements
– “be going to” shows that you have made a decision, “present continuous” emphasizes that you have made
the arrangements
• WILL / SHELL + INFINITIVE (instant decision, promises, offers, predictions, future facts, suggestions)
– Shells questions, will/won’t affirmative and negative
UNIT 2A
• PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE : HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
– We use the present perfect for past experiences when we don’t say exactly when they happened
- We often use “ever” and “never” when we talk before the main verb
– We use the present perfect for recent past actions when we don’t say exactly when we focus on the present
result
- In this context we often use “just” before the main verb
– We also use the present perfect with “yet” and “already”
- We use “already” in + sentences. It goes before the main verb
- We use “yet” with - sentences and ”?”. It goes at the end of the phrase
• PAST SIMPLE
– We use the past simple for finished past actions (when we say, ask or know when they happened)
• PAST PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE?
