munday introducing translation studies | Appunti di Lingua Inglese

Introducing Translation Studies

Theories and applications

Jeremy Munday

Chapter 1: Main issues of translation studies:

1. Jacobson’s categories of translation:

1..aIntralingual;

1..b Interlingual;

1..cIntersemiotic (verbal F 0

E 0

non-verbal).

2. History of the discipline:

2..aFrom the late 18th to the 1960s – grammar-translation method (replaced by

communicative approach in the 1960s and 1970s);

2..b The USA 1960s – translation workshop concept based on Richards’s

reading workshops and practical criticism approach that began in 1920s;

running parallel to this approach was that of comparative literature;

2..cThe USA 1930s-1960s/70s – contrastive analysis;

2..d More systematic, and mostly linguistic-oriented, approach

1950s-1960s:

2..d..i J.-P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet (French/English);

2..d..ii A. Malblanc (French/German);

2..d..iii G. Mounin (linguistic issues of translation);

2..d..iv E. Nida (based on Chomsky’s generative grammar).

2..d..v James S. Holmes ’s “The name and nature of translation

studies” is considered to be the ‘founding statement’ of a new

discipline.

2..d..vi Hermans’s ‘Manipulation School’

2..d..vii Vieira’s Brazilian cannibalist school

2..d..viii Postcolonial theory

2..d..ix Venuti’s cultural-studies-oriented analysis

The Holmes/Toury ‘map’ of translation studies1:

Translation studies:

1‘Pure’

1.)a Theoretical (translation theory)

1.)b General

1.)c Partial

1.)c.()1 Medium restricted

1.)c.()1.()a By machine: Alone/

With human aid

1.)c.()1.()b By humans: Written/

Spoken: consecutive/simultaneous

1.)c.()2 Area restricted (specific

languages)

1.)c.()3 Rank restricted (word/sentence/

text)

1.)c.()4 Text-type restricted (genres:

literary, business, technical translations)

1.)c.()5 Time restricted (periods)

1.)c.()6 Problem restricted (specific

problems e.g. equivalence)

2‘Applied’

1.)c.()10 Translator training

1.)c.()10.)i Teaching evaluation methods

1.)c.()10.)ii Testing techniques

1.)c.()10.)iii Curriculum design

1.)c.()11 Translation aids

1.)c.()11.)i IT applications

1.)c.()11.)i.()1 translation software

1.)c.()11.)i.()2 on-line databases

1.)c.()11.)i.()3 use of internet

1.)c.()11.)ii Dictionaries

1.)c.()11.)iii Grammars

1.)c.()12 Translation criticism

1.)c.()12.)i Evaluation of translations

1.)c.()12.)ii Revision of students’ translations

1.)c.()12.)iii Reviews of published translations

1 Holmes mentions also translation policy (the translation scholar advising on the place of

translation in society).

6 The form of communication e.g. written.

5 Who is communicating and to whom.

4 What is being written about.

munday introducing translation studies, Appunti di Lingua Inglese

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