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BONSAI SOCIETY

MEMBER

HANDBOOK

Published by Kawa bonsai Society, PO Box 11861, Daytona Beach, FL 32120

BONSAI SOCIETY

KAWA BONSAI SOCIETY MEMBER HANDBOOK

• Index INDEX
• A Letter to a Member
• KBS, A Time Line (History)
• Regular Meeting Program Topics
• Basic Bonsai Design Considerations
• What Makes a Good Bonsai
• Bonsai Terminology
• Plants Which Don’t Do Well in the Daytona Area
• Bonsai Cold Hardiness
• Plant Salt Tolerance
• Bonsai Annual Care Calendar
• Bonsai Information on the Internet
• Copyright' Kawa Bonsai Society Daytona Beach, FL

Field Trips are conducted either to nurseries or to field locations to educate members on native plant material, endangered species, land rights, field safety, sanitation, ecology and selection and harvesting of cultivated as well as native plant material for bonsai. Educational programs are conducted at regular meetings before trips, orientations are conducted in the field prior to visiting the site, and field locations are inspected after collecting to insure they are in no less favorable a condition than before the collections were made. Field trips are usually held twice a year.

Visiting Teachers come to Kawa several times a year to provide expert, professional bonsai instruction and demonstrations. Often they will conduct a workshop at which members bring a tree to be styled, leaving with an excellent bonsai-in-training. Those who do not want to work on a tree may come as observers. A modest fee is charged for these events.

A News Letter is published ten times a year by the society to inform and educate its members. It summarizes the activities at the past meeting, presents the topics for the next, lists a calendar of future activities, gives tips on plant care, and provides other information to the membership on a timely basis.

Educational Programs are a continuing public service by the society for the general public. The first public program was conducted on Apr 15, 1981 during which a program on bonsai was presented to the Arlington Garden Club in Daytona Beach. Such public awareness programs usually cover the history of bonsai, tools used, styling considerations, pruning techniques, wiring techniques, pot selection, potting procedures, aftercare requirements of the newly potted bonsai-in-training. Often a slide show on bonsai will accompany the talk. In addition, a few bonsai are taken for show-and-tell.

Society members enjoy their meetings and workshops, use the ever increasing library of bonsai related written and video materials, read their expanded newsletter with its helpful hints for better bonsai, travel to State conventions, participate in field trips, use audio-visual resources available on the state and national level, learn in depth from visiting artists’ visits, and relish the companionship of those who share this common interest.

None of these programs and activities are the sole property or activity of any one member. It takes involvement of many members for the organization to be successful. Don’t hesitate to become involved. If you’re not asked, volunteer. We learn by doing, and all of us have much to learn about plants in general and bonsai in particular.

We are pleased you are a member of our society.

BONSAI SOCIETY

KAWA BONSAI SOCIETY

h h h

A TIME LINE

Kawa Bonsai Society was formed in 1980 as a natural progression from Daytona native Tom Zane’s basic bonsai classes. Tom had been stationed in Japan from 1972- where he studied this Oriental art and realized the satisfaction it could bring to others. After retirement from the Army and permanently settling in the Halifax area, he obtained a certificate in Horticulture from Daytona Beach Community College to become familiar with Florida's plants and to help prepare himself to teach the techniques of basic bonsai. After a year of teaching, his students wished for a greater involvement in bonsai outside of the classroom.

Therefore in November of 1980, 14 students and 6 enthusiasts informally met to form a Bonsai Society for the Halifax area. Nick Carter, and Al and Gerry Lake, long- time practitioners of the art lent their expertise and their enthusiasm. The name, Kawa, was suggested by John Naka, American Bonsai's most prominent Master. Kawa," river" in Japanese, was the commonality of the Halifax area.

The Society was formed with many purposes in mind. The original members felt strongly about their art; they emphasized their reasons for formalizing their involvement in the by-laws of the organization. Briefly, their purpose was to advance the education of club members in the aesthetic, historical, scientific, business and social features of the art of bonsai, to promote the knowledge, interest, appreciation and enjoyment of the art on the part of the general public, and to engage in all activities to further these aims. The activities of the Society have always reflected these purposes. In addition to creating a set of bylaws, the members felt strongly that Kawa should be incorporated as a nonprofit organization in Florida. Kawa has been a nonprofit corporation in Florida since 1980.

During the first eight years of its existence, Kawa met in the Horticultural Building at DBCC where members participated in their bonsai society and where bonsai lesson continued to be taught through the College's Continuing Education Program.

Kawa's minutes and newsletters indicate that the first exhibit it presented was in conjunction with the Hibiscus Society's competition and exhibition in August of 1980. Since then Kawa has exhibited in various places in the community as well as presented numerous programs to organized groups of horticultural, social and civic nature in the Halifax area.

Society members realized at the inception of their group that resources in bonsai existed on a State level. Bonsai Societies of Florida had been organized in 1973. Its purposes and aims were a reflection of then-existing local societies, and it served as a model for subsequent societies. Kawa joined Florida's state organization and tapped its educational assets.

BONSAI SOCIETY

Regular Meeting

Program Topics

Following is a list of program topics which have been presented at regular meetings of the Kawa Bonsai Society:

Accent plants Art and esthetics of bonsai Auctions Azaleas as bonsai Bending dead wood Buttonwood as bonsai Carving dead wood Chinese bonsai Chrysanthemum bonsai “Claft” planting Collecting bald and pond cypress Collecting bonsai in the wild Companion plantings Critique of members’ trees Dead wood on bonsai Display bench construction Display stand construction Displaying bonsai and making stands Exhibiting bonsai Fertilizing Flat-top style bald cypress bonsai Gardens, Japanese Grafting Group plantings Harmony in bonsai Ikebana

Indoor bonsai Judging bonsai Literati style bonsai Mamé (miniature) bonsai National Bonsai Collection Native trees as bonsai North American Bonsai Collection Pest and disease management Photographing bonsai Power tools and bonsai Propagation (general) techniques Root-on-rock style bonsai Root-over-rock style bonsai Rosemary as bonsai Selecting pots and repotting Selecting a bonsai container Soil and container preparation Soil for bonsai Summer care of bonsai Tool sharpening and maintenance Tropical bonsai Weeping style bonsai Winter care of bonsai Wiring techniques

BONSAI SOCIETY

Basic Bonsai

Design Considerations

A well designed, artistically pleasing bonsai is the result of careful planning, shaping and controlled growth. While the art of bonsai allows for tremendous artistic freedom, there are some basic guidelines which are commonly followed. A person new in bonsai should keep the following artistic objectives in mind:

1. Bonsai should capture a natural look which recreates nature in miniature. Bonsai replicates the stately upright, the casual informal upright, the cascading trunk, forest plantings, landscape plantings, trees displaying dead wood and other trees which may be seen in nature. Keep in mind that nature is often harsh on her trees.
2. The ideal bonsai should look old. An ancient Oriental philosophy states that age creates wisdom and character. The look of age adds strength and dignity to a bonsai, and it is the artist’s techniques and horticultural knowledge which present the illusion of age.
3. The scalene triangle is the ideal shape. In Japanese culture the triangle symbolizes heaven, man and earth. The triangle achieves oriental artistic beauty by having no two sides equal in length.
4. A bonsai, to achieve artistic beauty, should not be symmetrical. Nature is seldom symmetrical. There is beauty in asymmetry.
5. Bonsai may have an interesting accent piece in the design; a rock which adds to the artistic value of the overall composition. Figurines or other decorations are seldom used except in penjing (Chinese rock plantings).
6. The soil is usually covered with moss or other natural ground cover. This gives the soil surface a natural, mature appearance, helps to retard soil erosion, and aids in keeping the soil moist.
7. Nature takes a long time to produce its works of artistic beauty. Bonsai too take time to mature and to be artistically pleasing. A bonsai is never “completed”; it is a growing, changing organism. The tree teaches its owner patience.

BONSAI SOCIETY

Bonsai Terminology

Bonsai, as we know it, originated in the East and most recently migrated from Japan. Because of this a great deal of literature which you read and many discussions which you hear use words foreign to the English speaking person. To help you to understand the occasional unfamiliar term, the following glossary of terminology is provided.

Bonkei Miniature landscapes using artificial trees, rocks, moss, statuary, etc.

Bonsai Literally a tree in a tray. Aesthetically, a miniature representation of a mature tree in nature.

Bunjin style The Japanese term for literati style bonsai. See literati.

Jin A dead tip on a trunk or branch. When it is necessary to shorten the height of the tree or the length of a branch, rather than cutting it off completely, a jin may be created. This creates a natural aged appearance caused by lightning or weathering.

Literati style A bonsai style in which the trunk is long and slender and the foliage is sparse.

Mamé bonsai A miniature bonsai under six inches tall. It is pronounced “maw’- may”.

Penjing The term for Chinese bonsai.

Saikei A grouping of plants and rocks forming a miniature landscaped scene.

Shari Bark is peeled from a branch or trunk to give the appearance of a mature tree that suffered a lightening strike or years of weathering.

Shohin bonsai A miniature bonsai under nine inches tall. Pronounced, “show-hin”.

Suiseki Viewing stones; stones which suggest specific views such as mountains, islands, waterfalls, lakes, plateaus, etc.

BONSAI SOCIETY

Plants Which Don’t Do Well

in the Daytona Beach Area

Daytona Beach is located on the dividing line between two U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones. Therefore growing conditions fifty miles north of Daytona differ from those fifty miles south. This affects what plants will and what plants will not thrive here.

One of the best sources of information concerning what will do well in a specific area may be found at local nurseries. If they sell it, it probably grows in that area.

Following is a list of plants which have been found to not thrive in the Daytona Beach area:

Almond, flowering Arborvitae, emerald green Arborvitae, pyramidal Ash Aspen Barberry Bayberry Birch Cherry, weeping Cotoneaster (most dwarf varieties) Cottonwood Cypress, hinoki, dwarf Dogwood Fir Hemlock

Holly, convex Holly, okinawan Linden Maple, lace leaf Maple, japanese Maple, norway Maple, split leaf Maple, sugar Pine, five needle Pine, mugo Pine, ponderosa Pine, scotch Pine, white Spruces Yews (ones native to the north)

BONSAI SOCIETY

Plant Salt Tolerance

The U.S. D. A. hardiness zones give general guidance on whether a particular specie plant will do well in an area. But even if it will tolerate the climate in a particular area, it may not be able to tolerate the salt which is in the air. The closer you live to the ocean, the longer the list is of plants which will not tolerate salt. Azaleas are a typical example as they usually thrive on the mainland, but do not do well on the peninsula, especially close to the beach.

Following is a list of plants which are relatively salt tolerant:

Bottle brush Bougainvillea Carissa Crown of thorns Cuphea Cypress, bald Eleagnus Euonymus Gardenia radicans Hackberry Hawthorn, indian Holly, dahoon Holly, ilex vomitoria nana Ivy Jasmine Juniper, hollywood

Juniper parsoni Juniper, shore Lantana Ligustrum Maple, scarlet Malpighia coccigera Myrtle, wax Oak, live Oak, scrub Pine, aleppo Pine, Australian Pine, Japanese black Pittosporum Pomegranate Sea grape Surinam cherry

BONSAI SOCIETY

Bonsai Annual Care Calendar

for the Daytona Beach Area

Following is a general calendar of care activities. For more detailed care advice, check the “Tips” section each month in the KBS NewsLetter.

January Organize your bonsai related activities for the coming year; do some reading, mark a calendar with important bonsai care dates, meetings, etc. , sharpen bonsai tools, bring plant records up to date. Dig bald cypress and any other dormant plant. Graft pines and pluck most of the old needles off pines. Shape azaleas and maples. Give full light to quince as they are early bloomers. Give one application of quarter strength fertilizer to all bonsai. Protect bonsai from any severe cold and don’t let them freeze if they are already putting out new growth.

February Continue monitoring the weather for any severe cold that would damage trees which have started budding and continue the other care given during January. Root prune and repot plants which are about to sprout new growth, then protect them from severe weather after being repotted. Check fertilizer, pesticide and fungicide supply and buy any items which will be needed for the coming growing season. Get the necessary components for soil mixes and make enough of the various soil mixes to supply repotting needs. Clean pots and the potting area. Finish shaping azaleas and maples and any others trees which are dormant.

March Root prune and repot deciduous plants before they sprout new growth. Pot or repot the other material in the following order: bamboo, maple, hinoki cypress, pine and then junipers. Tropical plants may be repotted any time of the year. Pot or repot blooming and fruiting varieties after they bloom but before new leaves sprout. Prune winter damage when it appears that the last frost has occurred. Unwire any plants which were wired last fall. Increase watering as temperatures increase and growth begins. Begin half-strength fertilizing every two weeks. Begin an insecticide and fungicide preventive spray program.

April Complete repotting bonsai. Begin to fertilize at one-half strength every two weeks. Drastically prune wisteria after they flower. Take cuttings of plant material for propagation. Do any grafting needed. Pinch and trim to control new growth and to establish shape. Finish collecting specimens in the wild.

May Continue doing a lot of pruning and shaping of the bonsai by pinching and pruning to regulate new growth and to force ramification. Leaf prune zelkova and finish the leaf pruning of maples to create smaller second-growth leaves. Head back new growth on maples to one or two sets of leaves and loosely wire for shape. Do any air layering needed. Pot trees which recently finished blooming. Watch for pests and fungus on plants. Continue one-half strength fertilizing every two weeks. Propagate tropical plants by cuttings or air layers. Sulphur coat jin, shari and other dead wood on plants. Weed regularly.

BONSAI SOCIETY

Bonsai Information

on the Internet

The Internet, or World Wide Web, has a number of web sites devoted to the art of bonsai. Three of the best sources for information and for links to other Internet sites are:

American Bonsai Society at: http://www.absbonsai.org

Bonsai Clubs International at: http://www.bonsai-bci.com

Bonsai Societies of Florida at: http://www.bonsai-bsf.com

Internet Bonsai Club: Anyone who has access to the Internet may subscribe to the Internet Bonsai Club which has some 500 subscribers. Each day you will probably receive 30 to 60 email messages on a wide variety of bonsai topics. Mixed in will be some social banter which you may or may not wish to read. You do not have to make postings; you can just be a lurker. But don't be shy about asking a question. You will most likely get an answer, probably several.

To subscribe: Send an email addressed to: [email protected]. In the subject block put whatever you want, it makes no difference. In the text area put SUBSCRIBE BONSAI . Your full name, without < > and have it exactly as your Internet provider knows you so it will know into which mail box to put your incoming mail.