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1.1 378°C
1.3 4312 W, $4.14/d 1.4 0.10 W/m⋅K 1.5 8400W 1.6 19,600 W, 120 W 1.7 54 mm 1.8 16.6 W/m 2 , 35.9 W 1.9 375 mm 1.10 110.40°C, 110.25°C 1.11 1.1°C 1.12 (a) 9800 W/m 2 1.13 (a) 1400 W/m 2 ; (b) 18,000 W/m 2 1.14 (a) 22.0 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 22.12, 0. 1.15 4570 W/m 2 ⋅K, 65 W/m 2 ⋅K 1.16 51.8°C, 3200°C 1.17 6.3 m/s 1.18 0.35 W, 5.25 W 1.19 2.94 W 1.21 15 mW 1.22 6.4 W/m 2 ⋅K 1.23 102.5°C 1.25 254.7 K 1.27 726 W, 547 W 1.28 (a) 18,400 W; (b) $ 1.30 3.5% 1.31 (a) 0.223 W; (b) 3.44 W 1.32 (a) 8.1 W; (b) 0.23 kg/h 1.33 100°C 1.34 (a) 0, 144 W, 144 W, 0; 0, 0, 144 W, -144 W; (b) 2.04 × 10 5 W/m 3 ; (c) 39.0 W/m 2 ⋅K 1.35 (a) 0.052°C/s; (b) 48.4°C 1.36 364 K, 380 K 1.37 6380 kWh, $510 or $ 1.38 (a) 4180 s; (b) 319 K, 359 K; (c) 830 K 1.39 (a) 0.0181 m 3 /s, 4.7 m/s 1.40 840 kW 1.41 (a) 32.5 kW/m 2 , 126 kW/m 2 , 17.6 K/s, 68.4 K/s 1.43 (a) 104 K/s; (b) 1251 K 1.46 (a) 1950 A 1.47 132 J/kg⋅K 1.48 (a) –0.089 K/s; (b) 439 K 1.49 (a) 1.41 × 10 -3 kg/s 1.50 3.2 h 1.51 (a) 60.6 × 10 -3 kg/s⋅m 2 , 121 g/m 2 ; (b) 32.3 × 10 -3 kg/s⋅m 2 1.53 49°C 1.54 (a) 7.13 × 10 -3 m 3 /s; (b) 70°C 1.55 (a) 86.7°C; (b) 47°C 1.56 (a) 79.1 K; (b) 457 mW 1.59 37.9°C 1.60 (a) 600 K 1.61 375 W/m 2 ⋅K 1.62 (a) 5500 W/m 2 ; (b) 87.8°C 1.63 (a) 5268 W; (b) 41°C 1.65 345°C
1.66 (a) 84°C 1.67 214 K, 20.0 mW 1.68 (a) 190.6 W 1.69 (a) 153°C 1.70 (a) 386 W/m 2 ; (b) 27.7°C; (c) 55% 1.71 (a) 47.0°C or 39.9°C
CHAPTER 2
2.7 (a) 200 K/m, -5000 W/m 2 ; (b) 225°C, 6250 W/m 2 ; (c) -20°C, -5000 W/m 2 ; (d) -85°C, - K/m; (e) -30°C, 120 K/m 2.8 (a) –280 K/m, 14.0 kW/m 2 ; (b) 80 K/m, -4.0 kW/m 2 ; (c) 110°C, -8.0 kW/m 2 ; (d) 60°C, 4. kW/m 2 ; (e) -20°C, -10.0 kW/m 2 2.9 (a) 2000 K/m, -200 kW/m 2 ; (b) –2000 K/m, 200 kW/m 2 ; (c) 2000 K/m, -200 kW/m 2 2.11 0, 60 K/m 2.12 100°C, 18.75 W; -40°C, 16.25 W 2.14 (a) 197 W; (b) 87 W; (c) 8.0 W; (d) 7.3 W; (e) 0.093 W; (f) 0.026 W; (g) 0.69 W 2.15 (a) 593 kW/m 2 ; (b) 151 kW/m 2 ; (c) 33.5 kW/m 2 ; (d) 9.95 kW/m 2 ; (e) 0.88 kW/m 2 ; (f) 3. kW/m 2 2.17 (a) 15.0 W/m⋅K, 400 K; (b) 70.0 W/m⋅K, 380 K 2.18 (a) 51.9 W/m⋅K, 350 K 2.19 765 J/kg⋅K, 36.0 W/m⋅K 2.22 (a) 0, 0.98 × 10 5 W/m; (b) 56.8 K/s 2.23 (a) 2 × 10 5 W/m 3 ; (b) 0, 10,000 W/m 2 2.24 (a) 200 W/m 2 , 182 W/m 2 , 18 W/m 2 ; (b) 4.3 W/m 2 ⋅K 2.25 (b) 2 × 10 5 W/m 3 ; (c) –2950 W/m 2 , 5050 W/m 2 ; (d) 51 W/m 2 ⋅K, 101 W/m 2 ⋅K; (f) –2 × 105 W/m 3 ; (g) 20°C, 4.94 × 10 6 J/m 2 2.26 (a) 10 6 W/m 3 ; (b) 120°C, 10 4 K/m, -10 5 K/m 2 ; (c) 220°C, 10 4 K/m, -10 5 K/m 2 ; (d) 220°C, 2 × 104 K/m, -2 × 10 5 K/m 2 2.40 (a) 0.20 m; (b) 0; (c) –144,765 W; (d) 72,380 W, -72,380 W 2.41 (d) 133°C, 122°C, 133.1°C 2.43 (d) 52.5°C 2.45 (c) 18.0 kW/m 2 , -360 K/m; (d) 8.73 × 10 6 J/m 2 ; (e) 8.73 × 10 6 J/m 2 2.51 (a) 1.8 × 10 6 W/m 3 ; (c) 1.8 × 10 5 W/m 2 ; (d) 7.77 × 10 7 J/m 2 2.53 (a) 25°C, 35°C; (b) 50°C, 30°C; (c) 86.1°C 2.54 (b) 3.18 × 10 8 W/m 3 , 1.59 × 10 5 W/m 2
CHAPTER 3
3.2 (a) 7.7°C, 4.9°C 3.3 (a) 1270 W/m 2 3.4 (b) 2830 W/m 2 3.5 14.1 W/m 2 3.6 (a) 996 W/m 2 ⋅K, 0.40%; (b) 14.5 W/m 2 ⋅K, 37.9% 3.7 (a) 0.553; (b) 22.1°C, 10.8°C; (c) –56.3°C 3.8 (a) 29.4 W 3.9 1.53 W/m⋅K 3.10 40.4 W/m 2 ⋅K, 50.7 W/m 2 ⋅K 3.11 (b) 86 mm 3.12 (a) 15 W; (b) 130 W; (c) 76 W 3.13 (b) 4.2 kW; (c) 0.5% 3.14 1.3 × 10 8 J 3.15 0.185 K/W 3.16 2. 3.17 (b) 64 m, 8, 307 kW, 40%
3.95 (a) 36.6°C; (b) 129.4°C; (c) 337.7°C 3.96 (a) 5.26°C, 5.14°C 3.99 63.7°C, 160 W/m 3.102 (c) –17.2 W, 23.6 W 3.103 (b) 164.3°C, 145.1°C 3.105 (b) 347°C 3.106 262 W 3.107 (b) 160°C 3.109 300°C 3.113 (a) 305°C, (b) 272°C 3.115 (c) 62.4°C 3.116 (b) 508 W 3.117 (c) 0.333, 607°C 3.119 (a) 420%; (b) 29% 3.120 156.5°C, 128.9°C, 107.0°C 3.121 (a) Case A: 151 W/m, 0.96, 20.1, 0.50 m⋅K/W, 95.6°C Case B: 144 W/m, 0.92, 19.2, 0.52 m⋅K/W, 96.0°C Case D: 450 W/m, 0, 60.0, 0.17 m⋅K/W, 25°C 3.122 (a) Case A: 151 W/m, 0.96, 20.1, 0.50 m⋅K/W, 95.6°C Case B: 144 W/m, 0.92, 19.2, 0.52 m⋅K/W, 96.0°C Case D: 450 W/m, 0, 60.0, 0.167 m⋅K/W, 25°C 3.123 Rectangular fin: 130 W/m, 0.98, 4.5 × 10 -5 m 2 Triangular fin: 117 W/m, 0.98, 2.3 × 10 -5 m 2 Parabolic fin: 116 W/m, 0.96, 1.5 × 10 -5 m 2 3.124 121 W 3.125 (a) 0.37 W; (b) 1.04 × 10 5 W 3.127 17.5 W/m⋅K 3.129 56.6 W/m⋅K 3.130 (b) 5995 W, 4278 W 3.131 (a) 2.44 × 10 -3 K/W 3.132 (a) 31.8 W 3.133 (a) 152 W 3.134 (b) 50.9 W 3.136 (a) 276 W 3.138 (a) 26.9 W, 21.4 W; (b) 26.9 W 3.140 (b) 2830 W/m 3.141 1315% 3.142 Rectangular profile: 0.79, 6.1, 218 W/m Triangular profile: 0.78, 5.2, 187 W/m 3.143 (a) 0.99, 6.0; (b) 110.8 W/m 3.144 (a) 12.8 W; (b) 2.91 kW/m 3.145 (a) 0.97, 11.1; (b) 6.82 kW/m 3.146 18.2 W, 24.4 W 3.147 394 K, 383 K, 381 K 403 K, 392 K, 382 K, 381 K 3.148 39,300 W/m, 405 K, 393 K, 384 K, 382 K 3.150 4025 W/m 3.151 3857 W/m, 3922 W/m, 5799 W/m, 3591 W/m
CHAPTER 4
4.2 94.5°C
4.3 5.6 kW/m
4.5 2.83l , 7.34 kW/m
4.6 4.26 , l 245 W/m
4.7 (a) 50°C; (b) 0.53 , l 3975 W/m; (d) 1.70 , l 12,750 W/m
4.8 2.34l
4.9 2.58 , l 11,600 W/m; 1.55 , l 6975 W/m
4.10 (a) 7.8 kW/m; (b) 0.24 m
4.11 4 , l 45.6 kW/m; 3.5 , l 39.9 kW/m
4.12 700 W/m, 900 W/m 4.14 92.7°C 4.15 84 W/m 4.16 9.9 W/m 4.17 94.9°C 4.18 110 W/m 4.19 (a) 6.72 L, 612 W/m; (b) 1.5 L 4.20 1122 W/m 4.21 12.5 W/m, 11.3 W/m 4.22 5.30 kW 4.23 316 kW 4.24 (a) 1.62 kW/m; (b) 93°C 4.25 (a) 0.1°C 4.26 3.62 kW, 254°C, 251°C 4.27 (a) 4.46 W, 98.2°C; 3.26 W, 78.4°C; (b) 4.09 W, 92.1°C; 3.05 W, 75.1°C 4.28 (a) 1.1°C 4.29 (b) 88.6 W 4.30 (a) 57°C; (b) 238 W 4.31 156.3 W, 81.3°C 4.32 (a) 745 W/m; (b) 3.54 kg/s 4.33 (a) 74.6 kW/m; (b) 2.38 × 10 8 W/m 3 , 315°C 4.34 0.70 W 4.45 6710 W/m 4.46 (b) 156 W/m 4.47 (a) 362.4 K, 390.2 K, 369.0 K; (b) 7500 W/m 4.48 (a) 122.0°C, 94.5°C, 95.8°C, 79.7°C; (b) 1117 W/m; (c) –1383 W/m 4.49 (a) T 1 = 46.6°C, T 2 = 45.7°C, T 3 = 45.4°C, T 4 = 49.2°C, T 5 = 48.5°C, T 6 = 48.0°C, T 7 = 47.9°C, 10,340 W/m 4.50 (a) T 1 = 160.7°C, T 2 = 95.6°C, T 3 = 48.7°C; (b) 743 W/m 4.51 (a) 1.473 W/m; (b) T 3 = 89.2°C 4.52 (a) 205.0 W/m; (b) 156.3 W/m 4.53 (a) 118.8°C, 156.3°C, 168.8°C, 206.3°C, 162.5°C; (b) 117.4°C, 156.1°C, 168.9°C, 207.6°C, 162.5°C 4.54 (a) 272.2°C, 952 W/m; (b) 271.0°C, 834 W/m 4.55 (a) 348.6 K, 368.9 K, 374.6 K, 362.4 K, 390.2 K, 398.0 K; (b) 1.53 × 10 8 W/m 3 4.56 3.00 kW/m 4.57 (a) 1.57 kW/m; (b) 1.52 kW/m 4.58 456 W/m 4.60 1487 W/m 4.61 (a) 7.72 kW/m; (b) 7.61 kW/m 4.62 94.0°C 4.63 1477 W/m 4.64 (a) 100 W/m, 1 4.66 (a) 1010 W/m, 100°C, 1; (b) 805 W/m, 100°C 4.67 (b) 128 W/m 4.68 (b) 1.48 × 10 8 W/m 3
5.47 7.6 min 5.48 (a) 486 K 5.49 (a) 145 s 5.50 (a) 194 s 5.51 515 K 5.52 (a) 3507 s; (b) 49°C 5.53 254°C 5.54 36 min, 7.08 kW 5.55 579 s 5.58 3.4 s 5.59 199°C 5.60 150 s, 33 mm/s 5.61 (a) 41 s, 115°C; (b) 40 kW 5.62 12 s, -1.0°C, -3.4 J 5.63 (b) 74 s; (c) 7125 W/m 2 ; (d) 3691 J; (e) 440 K 5.64 (b) 1.8 min, (c) 3257 J 5.65 (a) 98.6 s, (b) 100°C 5.66 1020 s, 257.3°C 5.67 (a) 100 s 5.68 (a) 4.85 s, 67.8°C 5.69 (a) 94.2 s, 0.0025; (b) 3.0 s 5.71 -4.99 × 10 5 J/m 2 5.72 1793 s 5.74 (a) 2.81 min; (b) 56 kJ 5.76 53.5°C 5.77 (a) 0.34 mm, 2.36 mm 5.78 1.41 W/m⋅K 5.79 0.45 W/m⋅K 5.80 (a) 276°C, 315°C 5.81 (a) 310 s 5.84 365.9 K 5.85 0.43 s 5.87 1.83 h 5.88 434 K, 320 K 5.89 (a) 260°C 5.90 ~2.75 h 5.91 561 K, 604 K 5.92 (a) 402.7 K, 370.5 K, 362.4 K 5.97 (b) 230°C 5.99 24.1°C, 71.5°C 5.105 161 s, 1364°C, 2.42 m 5.106 275°C, 312°C 5.107 502.3 K, 300.1 K 5.108 (a) 119.3°C, 45.1°C 5.109 (a) 66°C, 32°C 5.113 (a) ~230 s 5.114 (a) ~14.3 s 5.115 (b) 550 s 5.116 (a) 136 s; (b) 73 s 5.118 (b) 158°C 5.120 54.8°C 5.123 (b) 806 K, 1.17 s 5.124 (a) 402.7 K, (b) 368.7 K, (c) 362.5 K
5.128 (a) 54 days; (b) 13 days
CHAPTER 6
6.5 42.5 W/m 2 ⋅K 6.9 600 W/m 2 , 18.9 W 6.11 705 W/m 2 ⋅K, -171.4°C/m, -17,060°C/m 6.12 -9200 W/m 2 6.13 (a) 20.9 m/s 6.14 31.4 m, 0.157 m 6.15 7.95 m, 0.43 m, 275 m, 0.06 m 6.17 40.8°C 6.18 (b) –1508 W/m, 1508 W/m 6.19 (a) 34.2 N/m 2 , 0.738 N/m 2 ; 6840 W/m 2 , 148 W/m 2 ; (b) 1.37 × 10 6 W/m 3 , 2.95 × 10 4 W/m 3 ; (c) 34.0°C, 30.5°C 6.20 0.0028, 0.0056, 13.4; 3. 6.22 117°C 6.23 (a) 6.66 × 10 7 W/m3; (b) 1460 W; (c) 81.2°C, 303°C 6.27 40W/m 2 ⋅K 6.28 2066 W 6.29 (a) 34.3 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 59.0 W/m 2 ⋅K 6.30 1. 6.32 2. 6.33 6. 6.35 42.5°C 6.37 88. 6.38 167, 64,400, 11, 6.39 38.3 W/m 2 ⋅K 6.40 240 W 6.41 2.66 kW 6.42 26.0 N/m 2 6.43 4260 W/m 2 6.44 14.3 W 6.45 1.55 × 10 -3 m/s 6.46 (a) 0.0179 m/s; (b) 0.75 × 10 -5 kg/s; (c) 5.31 × 10 -5 kg/s 6.47 2.76 × 10 -5 kg/s⋅m 2 , 1.37 × 10 -3 m/s 6.48 10-6 kg/s⋅m 2 6.53 (e) 6.7 × 10 -4 kg/s 6.54 0.025 m/s 6.55 385, 6.29 × 10 4 , 0.62, 0.0073; 1613, 6.29 × 10 4 , 2.56, 0.0187; 1.06 × 10 7 , 1577, 6.74 × 10 5 ,
6.56 (a) 120 W/m 2 ⋅K; (d) 0.051 m/s 6.57 (a) 4.64 × 10 -4 kg/s; (b) 1247 W 6.58 (a) 0.975 × 10 -3 kmol/m 3 , 0.0258 atm; (b) 9.28 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m 2 6.59 (a) 1.63 × 10 -4 kg/s; (b) 282.2 K 6.60 359 W/m 2 ⋅K 6.61 (a) 0.031, 0.80; (b) 198 W/m 2 ⋅K; (c) 74% 6.62 2 × 10 -3 kg/s⋅m 2 6.63 0.00395 m/s 6.64 9.92 W 6.65 7.78 km
7.43 (a) 603 K; (b) 200 s 7.44 (a) 562 K; (b) 155 s 7.45 70.4 W 7.46 (a) 2.20 W; (b) 37.4 mm; (c) 89.6; (d) 435% 7.47 (a) 235 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 0.87 W; (c) 1.02 W 7.48 (a) 1012°C, 1014°C 7.49 (b) 97 m/s 7.50 (b) 195 mA 7.52 (a) 27.6°C; (b) 27.6°C 7.53 (a) 45.8°C; (b) 68.3°C 7.54 76.6°C, 35 W 7.55 (a) $0.415/m⋅d; (b) $0.363/m⋅d 7.56 (a) 3640 W/m 7.57 1990 W 7.58 452.2 K 7.59 (b) 18.7 mm 7.61 (a) 0.20 m/s; (b) 2.80 × 10 4 W/m 2 , 52% 7.62 (a) 15.2 s 7.63 (b) 340°C; (c) 309°C 7.65 1.64 N, 1020 W 7.66 (a) 0.011 N; (b) 3.14 W 7.67 (a) 0.489 N, 510 W; (b) 0.452 × 10 -3 N, 1.59 W 7.68 10.3 W 7.69 (a) 67 s; (b) 48 s 7.70 (a) 18.7°C; (b) 672°C 7.71 35 m 7.72 (a) 737°C; (b) 230 s 7.73 2.1 m/s, 1.6 m 7.74 1.1 m/s, 10.3 m 7.75 (a) 0.0011 s, 166.7 m/s; (b) 7.8 × 10 -4 s 7.76 180 mm 7.77 (a) 13.3 m/s; (b) 7 s 7.78 (a) 6.83 s; (b) 936 K 7.79 (b) 337°C 7.80 726 K, 735 K 7.81 (a) 92.2 W; (b) 1.76 × 10 8 W/m 3 , 1422 K; (c) 1789 K 7.82 (a) 20.4; (b) 45.8°C 7.83 234 W/m 2 ⋅K, 0.0149 bar, 28.4 kW/m 7.84 58.5 kW, 5.9 × 10 -3 bar 7.85 16, 684 N/m 2 7.86 –532 kW/m 7.87 (a) 7670 W, 47.6°C; (b) 195 N/m 2 , 56 W 7.88 39°C, 0.00993 bar, 6.26 kW 7.89 (a) 435 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 321 K, 2453 W 7.91 (a) 363 K; (b) 355 kW, 0.163 kg/s 7.92 1.68 W 7.93 1.45 K/s 7.94 (c) 0.179 kg/s 7.96 11,600 W, 140 W 7.97 (a) 903 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 31.9°C 7.98 2445 s 7.99 65.7 kW 7.100 (a) 700 K; (b) 838 K
7.101 (a) 10.5°C, 0.0134 kg/s 7.102 (a) 41.2°C, 0.0154 kg/s 7.103 0.0728 m/s, 0.0028 kg/s 7.104 (a) 9.29 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m, 2265 W/m 7.105 5.93 kW 7.106 (a) 0.0137 kg/s⋅m 7.107 3.57 W 7.108 (a) 4.48 × 10 -3 kg/s⋅m 2 ; (b) 11,800 W/m 2 ; (c) 9.95 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m 7.109 (a) 9.5 × 10 -4 kg/s, 9.5 × 10 -4 kg/s, 9.3 × 10 -4 kg/s; (b) 334.7 K, 332.8 K, 327.1 K 7.111 (a) 0.123 kg/h, 44.9 W; (b) 52.3°C 7.112 (b) 2.12 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m 2 7.113 28.6 min 7.114 337 W/m, 483 W/m, 589 W/m 7.115 (b) 5.35 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m; (c) 1.275 kW/m 7.116 2.73 × 10 6 kg/day 7.117 2775 W, -0.13°C/s 7.118 0.0016 kg/s⋅m 2 7.119 (a) 4.81 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m 2 , 1268 W/m 2 7.120 (a) 20.3 kg/h; (b) 102 days 7.121 (a) 4.76 × 10 -2 m/s 7.122 (a) 2.31 × 10 -4 kg/s⋅m 7.123 (a) 0.30 kg/h⋅m, 110 W/m; (b) 52.3°C 7.125 (a) 485 W; (b) 3135 W 7.127 (a) 9424 W/m, 0.0036 kg/s⋅m 7.128 45.6°C, 0. 7.129 1.82 × 10 -7 kg/s, -8.9 K/s 7.130 159 s 7.131 3.60 × 10 -8 kg/s 7.132 278 K 7.133 9.43 × 10 -8 kg/s 7.134 9.06 × 10 -8 kg/s 7.135 1.12 × 10 -8 kg/s, 2.3 K 7.136 (a) 1.83; (b) 28.0°C, 0. 7.137 0.0016 kg/s⋅m 2
CHAPTER 8
8.1 0.041 m/s, -0.86 × 10 -5 bar/m 8.2 0.0215 bar 8.3 (a) 0.289 bar, 1.42 kW; (b) 0.419 bar, 2.06 kW 8.5 (a) 53.8 bar, 146 W 8.6 (c) 96; (d) 1.06 m/s, 667 8.7 1.82 m, 1.06 m, 0.035 m; 2.8 × 10 -4 m, 0.18 m, 1.4 m 8.8 367 K 8.9 0.50 m/s, 20.0°C 8.10 (a) 39.4°C; (b) 37°C 8.11 (b) 44.2°C 8.15 (b) 60.8°C 8.16 (a) 471 W, 113.5°C, 60°C, 153.5°C; (b) 353 W, 90.2°C, 20°C, 150.2°C 8.17 (b) 362 K 8.21 (c) 6018 W 8.22 (a) 222 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 90.9°C 8.23 (a) 35°C, 16,000 W 8.24 (a) 28.4°C, 44.9°C; 73.3°C, 64.5°C;73.3°C, 65.1°C 8.25 159 kg/h, 1432 W
8.86 30°C, 156 N/m 2 8.87 (a) 3.35 kW; (b) 69 s 8.88 310 K, 418 W 8.89 (a) 307.8 K, 373 W; (b) 704 W 8.90 (a) 298.6 K, 45 W; (b) 349.9 K, 3.0 W 8.91 (a) 0.48°C; (b) 43.3°C, 27.4°C 8.92 59.7°C, 20°C, 75.7°C; 27.9°C, 20°C, 37.5°C 8.93 442 W/m 2 8.95 116.5°C, 5 atm, 1.38 × 10 -3 kg/s 8.96 2.51 m, 388°C 8.97 (a) 704.5 K; (b) 683 K, 1087 K, 300 K 8.98 (a) ~30.3°C 8.99 19.7 m, 1575 W/m 2 8.100 58.4 m 8.101 (a) 20.6°C, 0.085 W; 18.9°C, 0.128 W; (c) 21.5°C 8.102 2.42 × 10 -2 m/s 8.103 0.0032 m/s 8.104 0.024 m/s 8.105 3.89 × 10 -2 m/s, 107 W/m 2 ⋅K; 1.12 × 10 -2 m/s, 31 W/m 2 ⋅K 8.106 (a) 50.6 W; (b) 34.2°C 8.108 0.017 kg/m 3 , 4.33 × 10 -6 kg/s 8.109 2.1 m 8.110 3.64 m, 46.7 W 8.111 (a) 8.7 mm Hg, 0.0326 kg/m 3 ; (b) 3.2 × 10 -5 kg/s 8.112 (a) 0.0050 m/s; (b) 0.067 liter/day 8.113 (d) 0.181 kg/m 3
CHAPTER 9
9.1 3 × 10 -4 K -
9.2 2.5 × 10 7 , 5.35 × 10 5 , 1.7 × 10 6 , 2.5 × 10 8
9.3 727, 12.5, 512, 9.4 × 10 5
9.6 (a) 17.5 mm; (b) 0.47 m/s; (c) 5.0 W/m 2 ⋅K; (d) 0.60 m 9.7 12.6 mm 9.8 4.42 W/m 2 ⋅K 9.9 (a) 34 mm; (b) 16.8 W 9.10 (a) 3.03 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 2.94 W/m 2 ⋅K 9.12 (b) 1154 s 9.13 11.7 W 9.14 (b) –0.099 K/s 9.15 6.5 W/m 2 ⋅K 9.17 153 W 9.18 (b) 223 W, $0.43/day 9.19 273.8 K, 174.8 W 9.20 274.4 K, 273.2 K, 168.8 W 9.21 (a) 4010 W; (b) 2365 s 9.22 (a) 347 W/m 2 ⋅K 9.23 740 W 9.24 –0.136 K/s 9.25 (a) 118 kW/m 3 9.26 24.8 W/m 2 9.27 74°C, 68°C 9.28 (a) 35.8°C; (b) 28.8°C; (c) 68.8°C, 49.5°C
9.29 (a) 94.3 W 9.30 (a) 74.9°C, 1225 W; (b) 71.4°C, 1262 W 9.31 (a) 2.13 × 10 6 W, 92% 9.33 (a) 104 W; (b) 515 W 9.34 85 W/m 9.35 (a) 19.3°C, 19.3°C, 20.1°C; 21.6 W/m, 27.0 W/m, 26.2 W/m 9.36 468 W 9.37 (a) 238 W/m 9.38 0.560 W/m⋅K, 0. 9.39 (a) 7.46 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 8.49 W/m 2 ⋅K, 264 K 9.40 90.2 W 9.41 442 W 9.42 45.3°C, 1007 W 9.43 (a) 2.91 × 10 5 W; (b) 8.53 × 10 4 W, 1463 K; (c) 0.13 m 9.45 (a) 250 W; (b) 181 s 9.46 (a) 42.9 min; (b) 11.0 min 9.47 (a) 4.0 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 3.2 W/m 2 ⋅K; (d) 45.7°C, 34.0°C 9.48 (a) 18.9 W; (b) 174°C 9.49 (a) 3.71 W/m 2 ⋅K, 44.5 W/m; (b) 4.50 W/m 2 ⋅K, 54.0 W; (c) 4.19 W/m 2 ⋅K, 50.3 W/m 9.50 (a) 92.7; (b) 85.2; (c) 83. 9.51 21.6 kW 9.52 57°C 9.53 780 W/m 9.54 698 W/m 9.57 56.8°C, 1335 W, 7.27 h 9.58 (a) 929 W/m; (b) 2058 W/m; (c) 187 W/m 9.59 103 W/m 9.60 (a) 50.8 W/m, 0.953; (b) 56.9 W/m 9.61 79°C 9.62 64.8°C 9.63 (b) 8 W/m 2 ⋅K, 30.2 W/m 9.64 (a) 2.04 W; (b) 1.97 W 9.65 $0.265/m⋅d 9.67 581°C, 183 s 9.69 (a) 207 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 387 W/m 2 ⋅K 9.70 (b) ~1.1 h 9.71 (a) 9.84 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 32.1 W/m 2 ⋅K; (c) 221 s; (d) 245 s 9.72 (a) 163 W/m, 41.7°C; (b) 60.8°C, 12.5°C, 52.8 W/m 9.73 (a) 12.5 m, ~20; (b) ~±1% 9.74 (a) 33.3 kW; (b) ~855 s, 9.07 kg 9.75 (a) 13.6 W/m 2 ⋅K, 4.7 W/m 2 ⋅K, 70.2°C, 20. 9.78 1.55 W, 187 W, 57.0 W 9.79 8.62 W 9.80 (a) 10.2 W/m 2 ⋅K, 1210 W/m 2 ⋅K 9.82 7.12 mm, 63.1 W 9.83 91.8 W 9.84 (a) 10.4 W; (b) 9.03 mm, 14.0 W 9.85 (a) 28.8 W 9.86 8.13 mm, 19, 677 W 9.87 (a) 18.0 W; (b) 19.6 mm 9.88 26.3 kW/m 9.89 7 mm 9.90 61 W
10.35 (a) 0.76 s; (b) 13.5 s 10.37 68.0 kW/m 10.38 26.2 kW/m 10.39 6.37 × 10 4 W/m 10.40 1.11 × 10 -3 kg/s 10.41 6.57 mm, 1.31 × 10 -3 kg; 5.1 × 10 -2 kg 10.42 16.0 kW, 7.05 × 10 -3 kg/s 10.43 40.3 kW, 17.7 × 10 -3 kg/s 10.44 0.957 kg/s 10.45 (a) 78°C 10.46 (a) 1.07 MW, 0.444 kg/s; (b) 0.98 MW, 0.407 kg/s 10.47 2.21 kW, 2.44 × 10 -3 kg/s 10.48 (a) 649 kW/m; 0.272 kg/s⋅m 10.50 4.8 MW/m, 1.93 kg/s⋅m 10.51 (a) 48.6°C, 4270 W/m, 0.0018 kg/s⋅m 1053 19.1 kW, 8.39 × 10 -3 kg/s 10.54 4.28 × 10 -3 kg/s⋅m 10.55 28.3 kW/m, 1.16 × 10 -2 kg/s⋅m 10.56 (a) 144 mm 10.57 230 K 10.58 0.0056 kg/s, 0.0044 kg/s 10.59 (a) 459 kg/h⋅m 10.60 22,200 W/m 2 ⋅K, 12,900 W/m 2 ⋅K 10.61 (a) 0.0118 kg/s, 7.98 × 10 -3 kg/s; (b) 50.6°C, 55.4°C; (c) 6.23 m 10.62 2.75 × 10 -3 kg/s 10.63 2.0 s, 3.91 × 10 -5 kg 10.64 7100 W/m 2 ⋅K, 9.1 × 10 -3 kg/s⋅m 10.65 6.29 × 10 -2 kg/s⋅m 10.66 0.023 kg/s, 0.0014 kg/s 10.67 2.11 W, 0.0346 m 2 10.68 (a) 114.0°C; (b) 80.3°C; (c) 2.6 × 10 -4 kg/s 10.69 (a) 79.4°C, 55.7 W; (b) 16.4 mm 10.70 (a) 0.286 kg/s, 0.089 kg/s; (b) 379.6 K, 1.27 bar
CHAPTER 11
11.2 (a) 92 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 690 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.3 (a) 3250 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.4 250 W/m 2 ⋅K, 1140 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.5 11,800 W/m 11.6 920 W/m 11.7 (a) 2255 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 1800 W/m 2 ⋅K; 29.4°C 11.8 (a) 98 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 512 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.9 160 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.10 30 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.11 (a) 11.8 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 68.0 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.13 3.09 m 2 , 2.64 m 2 , 2.83 m 2 , 2.84 m 2 11.14 4.75 m 2 11.15 5.74 × 10 -4 m 2 ⋅K/W 11.16 (a) 0.97 m; (b) 2250 W, 145°C, 338 W/m 2 ⋅K, 9.59 × 10 -4 m 2 ⋅K/W 11.18 (a) 48°C; (c) 132 W/m 2 ⋅K; (d) 0.8; (e) 1 11.20 (a) 7600 W, 48.1°C; (b) 40 m 11.21 0.0029 m 2 ⋅K/W 11.22 59°C 11.23 (a) 1.58 m 2
11.24 (a) 356 K, 520 K 11.25 (a) 785 W/K, 5.0 m; (b) 18.4°C 11.26 (a) 13 m 2 , 679 kW, 37.5°C; (b) $178,000/yr 11.27 (a) 74%; (b) 24°C 11.28 76.4°C 11.29 (a) 9.0 mm, 3.5 m 11.30 79.8°C, 8.70 × 10 -4 kg/s 11.31 (a) 399 K, 70 11.32 33.1 m 2 11.33 (a) 130 m; (b) 1985 W/m 2 ⋅K; (d) 97 m 11.34 (a) 3930 W; (b) 3.74 liter/min; (c) 0.24 m 2 11.35 (a) 3550 W/m 2 ⋅K, 41.1°C, 0.85 kg/s 11.36 (a) 344.4 K 11.37 (a) 1.89 kg/s 11.38 (a) 720, 0.858 m; (b) 0.513 m 11.39 41.9 m 2 , 20.7 kg/s; 0.936 kg/s 11.40 0. 11.41 1.12 m 11.42 50°C, 61.7°C 11.43 (a) 3.07 m 2 , 33.4°C 11.44 (a) 9.6 m 11.45 (a) 508 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 1.95 m 11.46 (a) 55.7°C, 42.4°C; (b) 2300 W/m 2 ⋅K; (d) 74.4°C, 0. 11.47 11,100 m 2 , 1994 kg/s 11.48 (a) 300, 2, 1.03 m 11.49 (a) 206; (b) 26.1°C; (c) 17.4 kg/s 11.50 ~4.2 m 2 , 840 kg/h 11.51 (a) 129.7°C 11.52 880 W/m 2 ⋅K 11.53 61 W/m 2 ⋅K, 0.64, 46.2°C 11.54 68, 7.1 m 11.55 (a) 71 m 2 11.56 0.53 × 10 5 W, 0. 11.57 34.1°C 11.58 36.6°C, 143.5°C 11.59 243 m 2 11.60 (a) 33.5% 11.61 1014 K, 800 K, 514 K, 0. 11.62 48.2°C, 0.031 kg/s 11.63 44.6 kW, 0.65, 1. 11.64 (a) 8280 W; (b) 98.4°C, 87.2°C; (d) 5470 W, 0. 11.65 (a) 9.46 m; (b) 4.73 m 11.66 670 kW, 52.1°C, 36.0°C 11.67 41 m 2 11.68 (a) 26.8°C 11.69 (a) 2 × 10 5 W, 19.6°C, 19.6°C 11.70 4.56 m 11.71 (a) 76.7 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 496 K, 369 K 11.72 (a) 104°C 11.74 (a) 1.26 × 10 -3 K/W; (b) 63% 11.75 (a) 0.672 kW; (b) 8°C, 61°C, 1.43 kW 11.76 (a) 335 K; (b) 8.11 m; (c) 0. 11.77 (a) 30.3%; (b) 27.5 kg/s
12.50 0.45, 0.56, -22,750 W/m 2 12.51 0.311, 74,750 W/m 2 , -60,750 W/m 2 12.52 348 K 12.53 (a) 0.669; (b) 0.745; (c) 111 kW/m 2 ; (d) 176 kW/m 2 12.54 1.76 × 10 -4 W, 0.384 × 10 -4 W 12.55 (a) 147 mm 12.56 0.839, 0.568; 0.329, 0. 12.57 (b) 8.88 W, 78.2 W 12.59 (b) 0.599, 0.086, 0.315; (c) 1; (d) –615 W/m 2 12.60 0.85, 0.85, 3.9 × 10 6 W/m 2 , 4.6 × 10 6 W/m 2 , 4.6 × 10 6 W/m 2 ; 0.297, 0.106, 137 W/m 2 , 4.6 × 10 6 W/m 2 , 1.38 × 10 6 W/m 2 12.62 0, 0. 12.63 433 W/m 2 , 233 W/m 2 , 333 W/m 2 , 0.769, 0.231, 0. 12.64 (a) 0, 577.4 K; (b) 0.89, 0.10; (c) 5600 W/m 2 , 630 W/m 2 ; (d) 0.89, 0. 12.65 0.34, 0.80, 1700 W/m 2 , -700 W/m 2 12.66 0.60, 200 W/m 2 , -1200 W/m 2 12.67 (b) 1.42 × 10 5 W/m 2 12.68 0.720, 0.756, -11.8 kW/m 2 12.69 42 W/m 2 12.70 (a) 0.225, 0.388, 0.5; (b) 443 kW/m 2 12.71 7000 W/m 2 , 0. 12.72 29.2 W, 344 K 12.73 (a) 0.748; (b) 29.6°C; (c) 402 W/m 2 12.74 (a) 117°C 12.75 (a) 22.2°C 12.76 (a) 25°C 12.77 (a) 19.8 W; (b) 538.2 K; (c) 855 s 12.78 (a) 145 W/m 2 ; (b) 9.23 μW; (c) 8.10 μW 12.79 99 K 12.80 8.08 × 10 -8 W 12.81 (a) 1.15 μW; (b) 1.47 μW 12.82 3.38 × 10 -7 W 12.83 (a) 7.57 × 10 -3 W/m 2 ; (b) 7.9 W/m 2 ⋅μm⋅sr, 6.2 W/m 2 ⋅μm⋅sr 12.84 (a) 134 K 12.85 (a) 1718 μV; (c) 1382 μV, 878 μV, 373 μV 12.86 (a) 17.9 kW/m 2 , 571 W/m 2 ⋅sr, 3189 W/m 2 , 1015 W/m 2 ⋅s, 4983 W/m 2 ; (b) 8.17 μW 12.87 (a) 5441 W/m 2 12.88 (a) 0.49; (b) 0.20; (c) 24.4 W 12.89 (a) 0.375; (b) 0.702; (c) 0. 12.90 (a) 0.1, 0.676, 1050 W/m 2 , 5.7 W/m 2 ⋅K; (b) 477 K 12.91 (b) 20 K/s 12.92 (a) 2.93 W/m⋅K 12.93 (a) 1425 K, 1.87 × 10 5 W/m 2 ; (b) 5.95 × 10 -5 W 12.94 (a) 314 μW; (b) 871 K 12.95 (a) 800 K 12.96 (a) 0.643; (b) 0.200; (c) 1646 kW/m 2 12.97 (a) 839 K; (b) 770 K; (c) 850 K 12.98 30.7 s 12.99 (a) 1.83 s; (b) 54.3 W 12.100 (a) 1.56 × 10 9 W/m 3 ; (b) 15.6 W/mm 2 , 7.8 W/mm 2 ; (c) 772 s 12.101 (a) 126 W/m 2 ⋅K
12.102 (a) 0.799, 0.536; (b) 11.7 K/s; (c) 0.536; (d) 82 s 12.103 (a) 763 W; (b) 930 K; (c) 537 s 12.104 (a) 0.80, 0.713; (b) 233 kW/m 2 , 9.75 K/s; (d) 186 s; (e) 413 s; (f) 899 s 12.105 (a) 0.51 μm, 8.33 μm; (d) 73.5 kW/m 2 12.106 (a) 48.5°C 12.107 139°C, 3.47 W 12.109 329.2 K 12.110 (a) 0.8, 0.625; (b) 352 K 12.111 (a) 0.634; (b) 0.25; (c) 460 W/m 2 12.115 (b) 35.5°C 12.116 (a) 8.16 × 10 5 W/m 2 12.117 0.129 m, 31% 12.118 (a) 1.60 × 10 7 W, 75.8% 12.119 (b) 295.2 K; (c) 704 W 12.121 (a) 0.704; (b) 0.20; (c) 6.37 W/m 2 ⋅K 12.122 (a) 39.5°C; (b) 26.5°C 12.123 (a) 4887 W 12.124 96.5 W/m 2 12.125 (a) 77.6°C; (b) –35.3°C 12.126 379 K, 656 K 12.128 439 K 12.129 0. 12.130 (a) 837 W, 1026 W 12.131 (a) 30.5°C, 2766 W; (b) –7.6°C, 4660 W; (c) 80°C, 9557 W 12.132 (a) 1.286; (b) 352 K, 145 K 12.133 646 W/m 2 12.134 197 K, 340 K 12.135 (b) ~5.5 × 10 6 s 12.136 2560 W 12.137 (a) 57.9°C, 180 W; (b) 171.7°C; (c) –30.4°C 12.138 4.7°C, 16.2°C 12.140 43.1°C, 29.2°C 12.141 25°C, 3.1 × 10 -4 kg/s 12.142 (a) 0.0436 kg/m 3 , 0.0144 kg/m 3 , 6.76 × 10 -6 kg/s, 21.2 W; (b) 503 W/m 2 , 3105 W/m 2 , 627 W/m 2
CHAPTER 13
13.1 (a) 1.0, 0.424; (b) 0.50, 0.25; (c) 0.363; (d) 0.50, 0.707; (e) 0.5, 0; (f) 1.0, 0.125; (g) 0.50,
13.2 (c) ~0. 13.4 (b) 0.0767, 0.553; 0.0343, 0. 13.9 (a) 0. 13.10 (b) 0. 13.11 (a) 0.038; (b) 0. 13.12 0.781, 0. 13.13 0. 13.15 27.7 μW/m 2 13.16 (a) 354 mW/m 2 ; (b) 1695 mW/m 2 13.17 36,900 W 13.18 0.0492 kg/s⋅m 13.19 0.64, 1700 W 13.20 1.69 × 10 5 W/m 13.21 456 K 13.22 (a) 13.4 W, 6825 W/m 2
