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Bilingualism in the United States

Dr. Vesna Dimitrieska

INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON

INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON My story: (^) Becнa

My experience in the US context

INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON

What kind of realities are we facing?

Equity & Access

American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2017)

65% of the world is bi-/multilingual

INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON Some more positive outlook: Languages with more than a million people who speak it at home in 2018 were: Spanish (41.5 million); Chinese (3.5 million); Tagalog (1.8 million); Vietnamese (1.5 million ); Arabic (1.3 million); French (1.2 million) & Korean (1.1 million). There are now more people who speak Spanish at home in the U.S. than in any country in Latin America with the exception of Mexico, Colombia, & Argentina Of those who speak a FL at home, 45% were born in the U.S.

INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON How do we treat people who speak a language other than English? Garcia, 2021

Deficit-based vs. Asset-based Approaches

Dominant Views & Misconceptions

Language, Culture & Identity The Language in the United States is a Zero-Sum Game. As a nation, we only have room for one common language at one time (and this language must be English). (Fond, Smirnova, Gerstein Pineau, & Sweetland, 2017)

Learning and Education (Fond, Smirnova, Gerstein Pineau, & Sweetland, 2017) Children are Sponges.

The brain passively “soaks up” language, especially early in life.

Naturalism.

Language learning happens instinctually, with little effort required.

Language is frozen.

Experience and ability with a language cannot be lost.

Language is “Extra”. Languages other than English are a luxury, not a necessity. 17

~3,600 DL programs across the U.S. National and State trends

Seal of Biliteracy