Download Assignment 1 1619 (pass) and more Assignments Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity!
ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date 18 - 12 - 2022 Date Received 2nd submission 20 - 12 - 2022 Student Name Nguyen Van Quang Student ID GCH Class Gch1107 Assessor name Ha Trong Thang Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Quang
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
Contents
- Chapter 4: Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software
- Table of Diagram
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards
- 2.1 Define the network
- 2.2 Types of networks
- 2.3 Network Protocol............................................................................................................................
- 2.3.2 What purpose of protocol is
- 2.3.3 Some common protocols
- • TCP/IP
- • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- • Domain Name System (DNS)..............................................................................................................
- • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- 2.4 List of Standard Organizations
- ISO
- CCCITT
- IEEE
- 4)EIA
- 2.5 The names of the standards used in networking:
- Chapter 2- Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements
- 3.1 Define Network Topology
- 3.2 Kinds of Network Topologies
- 3.2.1 Physical Topology.............................................................................................................................
- 3.2.2 Logical Topology
- 3.3The difference between physical topology and logical topology:
- 3.4 Some Popular Topologies and explain advantages and disadvantages
- 3.4 Communication and Bandwidth requirements
- 3.4.1 Define Network Communication
- 3.4.2 The Rules in The Network
- Message Formatting and Encapsulation
- Message Size
- 3.4.3 Bandwidth
- 3.4.4 why these rules are needed:
- 3.4.5 why bandwidth requirement is needed for networks.....................................................................
- Chapter 3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types
- 4.1 Network devices and how these devices operate work....................................................................
- • Operating principles of a router
- • Operating principles of a switch..........................................................................................................
- 4.2 list some other common networking devices and specify their uses
- • Operating principles of a repeater
- 4.2 Server Types and illustrative examples.
- • Operating principles
- 4.2.3 DNS Server
- 4.2.4 DHCP Server
- 4.2.5 FTP Sever
- 4.3 Considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization
- 5.1The meaning of interdependence:
- 5 .1.1give an illustrative example of this term.
- 5.2 Define workstation hardware and networking software
- 5.2.1Workstation hardware
- • RAM........................................................................................................................................................
- 5.2.2 Networking Software
- • OS
- • Web Server
- • Mail Server
- 5.5 Explain the interdependence of the two and give example.
- Inconclusion
- References
- Diagram 1- LAN Network Diagram.......................................................................................................................... Table of Diagram
- Diagram 2- MAN Network Diagram .......................................................................................................................
- Diagram 3- PAN Network Diagram ..........................................................................................................................
- Diagram 4- WLAN Network Diagram ........................................................................................................................
- Figure 1 - network............................................................................................................................................
- Figure 2 struture of wan
- Figure 3 Human protocol and Network protocol
- Figure 4 Tcp /IP
- Figure 5 DNS..................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 6 HTTP
- Figure 7 Example of Network Topology........................................................................................................
- Figure 8 Physical Topology
- Figure 9 Logical Topology..............................................................................................................................
- Figure 10 Bus Topology
- Figure 11 star Topology
- Figure 12 Ring Topology................................................................................................................................
- Figure 13 Tree Topology
- Figure 14 Mesh Topology..............................................................................................................................
- Figure 15 Hybrid Topology
- Figure 16 message Encoding between hosts
- Figure 17 Message Formatting and Encapsulation.......................................................................................
- Figure 18 Message size
- Figure 19 Message Delivery Options
- Figure 20 router
- Figure 21 Working of Router
- Figure 22 switch
- Figure 23 Working of switch
- Figure 24 Gateway
- Figure 25 Working of Gateway
- Figure 26 Hub
- Figure 27 Working of Hub
- Figure 28 Repeater........................................................................................................................................
- Figure 29 Web sever
- Figure 30 Working of Web Server.................................................................................................................
- Figure 31 Mail server
- Figure 32 Working of Mail Server
- Figure 33 DNS server.....................................................................................................................................
- Figure 34 Working of DNS server
- Figure 35 DHCP Server
- Figure 36 Working of DHCP Server
- Figure 37 FTP Server
- Figure 38 Computer anatomy
- Figure 39 CPU
- Figure 40 RAM...............................................................................................................................................
- Figure 41 Rom
1. Introduction
In this report, per MR. Nguyen's request, I will look into and describe networking concepts, protocols, and tools. My goal is for readers to comprehend networking concepts, protocols, and operations in addition to networking hardware and software. The computer network is expanding at a time when the COVID epidemic is forcing individuals to spend more time at home. Computer networks have benefited individuals much since their introduction in 1974, both at work and in daily life. In order to complete this assignment, I looked into and explained networking principles, protocols, and devices using a variety of sources. I'll convey the information in my report in a clear, understandable manner. My report is broken down into the following four chapters:
- Chapter 1: Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards
- Chapter 2- Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements
- Chapter 3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types
- Chapter 4: Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software
2. Chapter 1: Discuss the benefits and constraints of different
network types and standards
2.1 Define the network
A network is a group of two or more devices (servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, ...) that can connect and communicate with each other. These devices can be connected using a physical or wireless connection. (Dordal, 2021).
1. Easily share resources In a local area network, it is simple to share hardware resources like hard disks, DVD drives, printers, and licensed software. Example: Rather than purchasing additional printers, all computers on a LAN can connect to the printer through a middle computer, allowing all computers to share the printer. With regard to software, LAN computers can access the software through a computer that distributes the rights to other LAN users. . 2. Convenient Communication Using LAN users can exchange messages and data during a convenient way. Since the info is placed on the server it is often accessed anytime by the LAN users. Every single LAN user can do that with others on the network. For user identification, each computer in the LAN is assigned a MAC address. This address will be used normally when sending and receiving data. Hence, this not only saves many times, it ensures that messages get delivered to the proper people. 3. Centralized Data As mentioned earlier, the data of all users in the LAN is located in a centralized server. Any workstation in a particular network does not normally access this information. Furthermore, users can access their own set of knowledge by logging into their respective accounts. 4. Improved Security Data saved on an area server is frequently guaranteed to be secure. All LAN users can access them if the information on the server is updated. Additionally, in order to enforce extra security measures, the host has the power to accept or reject users on a specific network. 5.Internet Sharing The opportunity for LAN users to share an internet connection exists. All of the linked computers share the internet from a single online PC. Offices and Internet cafes frequently have this type of infrastructure. - **Disadvantages of LAN:
- Implementation cost** Although LAN saves tons of cash in terms of resource sharing, the initial cost of fixing the network is sort of high. this is often mainly thanks to the need for special software required to make a server. additionally, the acquisition of hardware devices like routers, hubs, switches, and cables is required for the primary setup.
2. Security Programs and other types of data can be accessed rather easily because all the information from the connected machines is kept on a centralized server, maintaining the network's security. This is frequently overlooked and causes a significant issue in LANs. additionally. If one of the associated computers has an epidemic, the system as a whole is frequently quickly assaulted by an epidemic. 3. Maintenance LANs often experience hardware problems and system failures. Therefore, it requires a special administrator to seem into these issues. Administrators got to have good knowledge of the network industry and wish for a full-time job. 4. Coverage area LANs are often developed to conceal a short distance (about 10km). Most likely, it was used in cramped spaces like offices and classrooms. This is due to the fact that the LAN requires network cabling, which raises the cost and makes it challenging to manage the connection system if the user is too far from the server location. 5. Server problems The central server present on the LAN architecture manages all attached computers. If just in case the server encounters a mistake, all connected computers also are affected. for instance, computers on the LAN won't be ready to access the info on the server if the system crashes. 2.2.2 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) A metropolitan area network (MAN) may be a sort of network that typically covers areas of great geographical scope. Generally, in MAN, two LANs are connected to every other through a point-to-point connection. A typical MAN infrastructure is predicated on a spread of technologies. a number of them are Switched Multi-Megabyte Server (SMDS), Fiber Distribution Data Interface (FDDI), Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
1. Maintenance
MAN is usually difficult to manage, especially when it gets big. this is often mainly thanks to questions of safety and other additional configurations.
2. Security
The probability of hackers attacking the MAN network is very high compared to the LAN. As a result, the info tends to be susceptible to attacks. For data security, well-trained and securely equipped staff is required.
3. Technical Assistance
It takes a skilled expert to install the individual without any mistakes. Obtaining technical assistance from network administrators and troubleshooters is recommended. Costs associated with installation will rise as a result.
4. Wire requirements
Compared to LAN and WAN, MAN requires extra wiring for its operations. this is often mainly thanks to the connection of the 2 LANs. When more wires are needed, there'll even be more overhead within the network.
5. Internet Speed
To function, MAN requires quite an expensive fiber optic cable. It cannot work on the normal copper wire normally found on phones. Even so, if MAN is installed, users will experience very slow internet speeds.
2.2.3 WAN (Wireless Area Network)
Wireless area network (WAN) may be a sort of network that gives transmit video, images, data and voice covering large geographical areas. it's made from a mixture of LAN and MAN. to hold out the transmission, it receives the assistance of modems, routers, hubs and switches.
Figure 2 struture of wan
1. Coverage area
WANs typically cover large geographic areas (1000kms or more). It is possible that if your business offices are located in several different locations, all branches are usually communicated via a WAN. For this purpose, an Online Service Provider (ISP) may provide a leased line.
2. Centralized data
When using a WAN, all of the devices in the specific network will have access to the connected data. For instance, all of your branch offices will exchange data on a head office server, and the head office server will provide all backups and maintenance.
3. Update files
From the WAN, users can receive updated files and data from servers. Companies can work to update files from the server so that all connected devices can receive them.
4. Exchange messages
Devices in a WAN usually communicate via messages, which is often done quickly with the help of popular applications such as messenger and WhatsApp.
5. Increase bandwidth
Companies often rent a private channel which means more bandwidth than a regular broadband connection. This leads to an improvement in the productivity of the business.
2.3 Network Protocol
2.3.1 Theory about network protocol
A set of guidelines, customs, and data formats known as a network protocol may control how devices communicate data over networks. In other words, network protocols are frequently viewed as a language that two devices. Figure 3 Human protocol and Network protocol 2.3.2 What purpose of protocol is Purpose: Network protocols are the reason you can easily communicate with people all over the world, and thus play a critical role in modern digital communications.
2.3. 3 Some common protocols
- TCP/IP TCP/IP may be a group of connected protocols. Internet Protocol (IP) is used for routing at Layer 3. TCP and UDP cooperate at Layer 4, giving you stateless and stateless choices. ICMP is a member of the current protocol family, although it only functions as a diagnostic tool and does not transmit data. This stack is used by most networks. Knowing is essential so you can choose the right protocol to utilize when troubleshooting. Although ICMP is excellent for testing latency, there are situations when you must utilize UDP-based tools since ICMP may be banned. UDP may be better for latency in tests of bandwidth and latency, while TCP excels in tests of overall bandwidth.
Figure 4 Tcp /IP
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) ARP is a protocol used in the TCP/IP stack to support the mapping of Layer 2 MAC addresses to IP addresses. This protocol is important to understand because ARP lookups are cached. That cache may be corrupted. Or just become stale and provide incorrect results. Often this can be fixed simply by clearing that cache on the appropriate devices.
- Domain Name System (DNS) IP addresses are in numeric format and so they're tough to read or remember for humans. DNS may be a hierarchy that converts these IP addresses into a human-readable hostname. the foremost common vulnerability in DNS is cache poisoning. Here the attacker substitutes the legitimate IP address to send the audience to malicious websites. DNS amplification also can be exploited on a DNS server enabling recursive lookups and using recursion to amplify the extent of the attack.
Figure 6 HTTP
2.4 List of Standard Organizations
1) ISO
ISO is that the world organization for Standardization. It creates a group of rules and standards for graphics, document exchange, digital communication, etc.
2) CCCITT
CCITT is now a representative organization for us. CCITT developer's proposed set of rules and standards for telegraph and telephone communications.
3) IEEE
It is supported the professional organization of electronic, computer, and communication engineering. It provides various sets of rules and standards within the communication and networking field.
4)EIA
This organization sets and recommends industry standards. EIA has developed a series of RS Standards (Recommended Standards) for data and telecommunications.
5)SCC
It is a politician Standard Agency for Canada. it's Similar responsibilities as ANSI has.
2.5 The names of the standards used in networking:
- Application layer − HTTP, HTML, POP, H.323, IMAP. - Transport layer − TCP, SPX. - Network layer −IP, IPX. - Data link layer − Ethernet IEEE 802.3, X.25, Frame Relay. - Physical layer −RS-232C (cable), V.92 (modem).
3. Chapter 2- Explain the impact of network topology,
communication and bandwidth requirements
3.1 Define Network Topology
A network's logical and physical structure is represented by its topology. It describes where and how to link the various network components, such as switches and routers, as well as how data is transferred. Finding the simplest position for each node to maximize traffic flow involves mapping the locations of endpoints and repair requests. Figure 7 Example of Network Topology
