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D265 Critical Thinking Pre-Test
Which sentence reflects strong critical thinking? - correct answer "In any event, our purpose is to better understand the relevant issues so that we may make an informed decision on the topic" Since inflation is rising rapidly, and because we are approaching the point at which reversal is not possible, it follows that we need to institute a new economic policy, and we need to act quickly. Which two statements contain premises of the given argument? (Choose 2 answers)
- correct answer Inflation is rising rapidly We are approaching the point at which reversal is not possible "Products manufactured in our country are the best because we make the best automobiles" declared Kennedy Which two descriptors best characterize Kennedy's comments? (Choose 2 answers)
- correct answer An Inference A weak argument Which two sentences are propositions? - correct answer Lending helps stimulate capital investment. A strong economy is vital to national security. I have grown bored since last week. Which descriptor accurately characterizes this sentence? - correct answer Proposition
Usually when home team fans come out smiling and celebrating at the conclusion of a match, that means the home team won. At the conclusion of the match, many home team fans came out smiling and celebrating. I, therefore, concluded that the home team won. Which term describes this argument? - correct answer Inductive I have seen the sun rise every day for many years. I, therefore, conclude that the sun will rise again tomorrow. Which term describes the argument? - correct answer Cogent All bears are wild. Smokey is a bear. Therefore, Smokey is wild. Which term describes the argument? - correct answer Deductive People should pay their taxes since paying taxes is the right thing to do. Which type of logic error is this an example of? - correct answer Begging the question One should not speed because speeding is wrong. What type of logic error is this an example of? - correct answer Begging the question My opponent argues that kangaroos can hop because hopping is something that kangaroos are able to do. Since my opponent has committed the fallacy of begging the question, one must infer that their conclusion is false, and that kangaroos cannot hop. Which type of logic error is this an example of? - correct answer The. Fallacy Fallacy If Bo is kind, then Bo is wealthy. Bo is wealthy. Therefore, Bo is kind. This is an example of which type of logic error? - correct answer Affirming the Consequent
How could podcasts, newscasts, and talk radio be less biased? - correct answer By featuring experts who offer contrary viewpoints What are two ways in which the internet has complicated a critical thinking approach to finding reliable sources? Choose 2 answers. - correct answer Sources are more easily located yet not consistently credible. Sources are more easily located but still need to be verified. Which factor should people focus on when evaluating internet-based information sources for credibility? - correct answer Content Why should people read other articles published by the same source when they locate an article of interest on the internet? - correct answer To determine whether the source publishers sensationalized or overly biased stories A person encounters an internet source with a headline of "This is NOT a hoax!" Which conclusion would be reasonable for this person to make? - correct answer The content is sensationalized For which two reasons do critical thinkers follow the principle of charity? Choose 2 answers. - correct answer To present a more convincing argument. To discover the truth. Which two descriptors accurately characterize the nature of human beliefs? Choose 2 answers. - correct answer Subject to bias
Sometimes irrational Why can heuristics be advantageous? - correct answer They enable individuals to make quick decisions. An individual read a report that professional athletes spend an average of thirty hours per week exercising at the gym. Based on this report, the individual concludes that people who belong to a gym spend an average of thirty hours per week exercising. Which concept does this conclusion illustrate? - correct answer Selection bias Quinn favors strict industry regulations. Robin disagrees because they would increase costs for many businesses and stifle the economy. Robin does, however, understand and acknowledge that industrial operations have environmental and social impacts and that regulatory measures may help prevent unnecessary harm. Which argumentation concept does this passage illustrate? - correct answer The principle of charity Which argumentation concept does the following passage illustrate? "Some people point to the large number of unidentified flying object sightings and the discovery of many earth-like planets in the universe as evidence of extraterrestrial life. I don't take this evidence seriously, though, because I do not believe in extraterrestrial life." - correct answer Confirmation bias A person is buying a car. The car salesperson initially quotes a base price. The buyer relies on this initial quote to make a purchasing decision despite the subsequent addition of options that significantly increase the final price. Which cognitive bias is the buyer exhibiting? - correct answer Anchoring and adjustment A university student surveys incoming freshman to understand how student at the university feel about a proposed tuition increase?
"There are not any good seafood restaurants in this city. I tried two, and they were both terrible" Which fallacy of weak induction best describes this example? - correct answer Hasty generalization A flight attendant accidentally spills a drink on a passenger. The passenger tells a friend that the flight attendants for the airline are incompetent. Which fallacy of weak induction best describes this example? - correct answer Hasty generalization A teacher talks with a student about failing to turn in homework. The student replies by expressing a desire to dress up as a superhero for Halloween. Which response best matches this fallacy of relevance? - correct answer Red Herring Either everyone will devour this pecan pie, or they will choose another dessert. Which two statements accurately describe this proposition? - correct answer The proposition includes a false dichotomy The proposition contains black and white thinking Which fallacy of weak induction best describes the following example? "If we allow the children to stay home from school today, they will expect to stay home every time it snows. Next they will expect to stay home whenever it rains, when it is too cold, too hot, or even too nice outside. Eventually the children will stay home from school every day." - correct answer Slippery Slope
A soccer fan buys a jersey with his favorite player's name and number on the back. When the player's performance decreases, the fan attributes it to the jersey he bought. Which fallacy of weak introduction best describes this argument? - correct answer Post hoc, ergo propter hoc "Peyton is an excellent dentist, so she sings well." Which statement represents the hidden assumption that would make this argument valid? - correct answer All excellent dentists sing well Which argument contains the general-specific pattern? - correct answer Dogs are a subspecies of a wolf and collie is a breed of dog, so collies are wolves Ren is an excellent barista, so he is a master chess player. Which statement represents the hidden assumption that would best complete this argument? - correct answer Anyone who is an excellent barista must be a master chess player Traces of ammonia have been found in Mars' atmosphere. So there must be life on Mars. Which statement summarizes the hidden assumption in the given argument? - correct answer Only living things produce ammonia "All dogs have four legs. Grover is a dog, because Grover barks like a dog. So Grover has four legs" Which statement represents indirect support? - correct answer Grover barks like a dog
