9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 1
Microcomputer Structures
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Historical Development of Microcomputers: From 4-bit to 128-bit Architecture, Slides of Microcomputers
An historical overview of the development of microcomputers from the late 1960s to the present day. It covers the introduction of key microprocessors such as the 4000 series, the 8085, z80, 6502, 9900, 8086, 68000, 68020, and the evolution of architectural designs from 4-bit to 128-bit internal and external buses. Prices and applications of these microcomputers are also discussed.
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9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 1
Microcomputer Structures
Outline
Course Overview
Historical Perspective
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 2
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 4
Historical Perspective
Late 60’s – 4 bit calculator chips
1972 – 4040, 8080, 6800 (6 mo later) ~$
1974,75 – Intel 8085, Zilog Z80 ~$
1975 – MOS Technology 6502 ~$
1975,76 – TI 9900 (16 bit processor)
1978 – Intel 8086 – 16MHz ~ $3.
1979 – Motorola 68000 – 12 MHz ~$12.
1983,84 – Motorola 68020 – 16 MHz ~$39.
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 5
Architecural Evolution
4 bit internal – 4 bit data bus – 8 bit address
8 bit internal – 8 bit data bus – 16 bit address
16 bit internal – 8 bit data bus – 20 bit address
16 bit internal – 16 bit data bus – 22 bit addr
32 bit internal – 16 bit data bus – 24 bit addr
32 bit internal – 32 bit data bus – 28 bit addr
64 bit internal – 32 bit data bus – 32 bit addr
64 bit internal – 64 bit data bus – 32 bit addr
128 bit internal?????? and the future ?????
And the price for memory
In the 1970s
A 16 MB memory card for a TMS 80 (max
memory 64 MB) was $200.
Today
DDR2 2G Memory DIMM – 800MHz - $
DDR3 2G Memory DIMM– 1.333MHz - $
8 G Byte MMC memory card - $20 to $
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 7
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 8
Applications and use
General Purpose PCs and Workstations Scientific/Engineering Computer Automated Manufacturing Equip Robotic Control Systems Medical Equipment Business Computers and point of sale systems Desktop Publishing Data Communications and Networking Automotive uses Microwave ovens, Stoves, dishwashers, refrigerators,
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 10
Some basic definitions
Microprocessor – a single CPU on a single IC
chip. Contains both control and RALU
Does not have on chip memory, timers, or I/O
ports
Microcomputer – uProcessor with memory,
I/O, timing, control, interfaces, powersupply
RALU – Register/Arithmetic Logic Unit
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 11
Von Neumann Atchitecture
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 13 Example of von Neumann Architecture
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 14
Busses and Computer Structures
5 Components of a computer system
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 16
System Example
Morse Code Transmitter
9/22/2010 Lecture 1 - Introduction 17