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Question 1. Which bone is primarily responsible for forming the posterior part of the skull? A) Frontal bone B) Occipital bone C) Temporal bone D) Parietal bone Answer: B Explanation: The occipital bone forms the posterior and part of the base of the skull, providing protection for the brain's posterior aspect. Question 2. Which type of muscle is involuntary, non-striated, and found in internal organs? A) Skeletal muscle B) Cardiac muscle C) Smooth muscle D) Voluntary muscle Answer: C Explanation: Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated, and lines internal organs, controlling functions like digestion and blood vessel dilation. Question 3. Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the diaphragm? A) Phrenic nerve
B) Vagus nerve C) Intercostal nerve D) Accessory nerve Answer: A Explanation: The phrenic nerve (C3-C5) provides motor innervation to the diaphragm, crucial for breathing. Question 4. In the circulatory system, which vessel is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary artery B) Pulmonary vein C) Aorta D) Superior vena cava Answer: B Explanation: Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. Question 5. Which respiratory condition is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airflow obstruction? A) COPD B) Asthma C) Pneumothorax
Explanation: Reversible cell injury often involves swelling and fat accumulation, which can be reversed if the damaging stimulus is removed. Question 8. Which pharmacological class is primarily used for reducing inflammation and pain? A) Antibiotics B) Analgesics C) Anti-inflammatory drugs D) Antipyretics Answer: C Explanation: Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation and pain, often used in musculoskeletal injuries. Question 9. Which principle states that the force applied to a lever is multiplied by the distance from fulcrum to effort? A) Newton’s third law B) Law of levers C) Law of inertia D) Hooke’s law Answer: B Explanation: The law of levers explains how forces are amplified through lever systems, based on the effort and load distances from the fulcrum.
Question 10. During a physical examination, which test is commonly used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)? A) Lachman test B) McMurray test C) Phalen test D) Tinel’s sign Answer: A Explanation: The Lachman test assesses ACL integrity by evaluating anterior tibial translation relative to the femur. Question 11. Which of the following is a contraindication for applying heat therapy? A) Chronic muscle pain B) Acute inflammation C) Muscle spasm D) Chronic arthritis Answer: B Explanation: Heat therapy is contraindicated in acute inflammation as it can exacerbate swelling and tissue damage. Question 12. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
C) Diarthrosis D) Synchondrosis Answer: C Explanation: Diarthrosis (synovial joints) permit extensive movement in multiple planes, such as the shoulder or knee. Question 15. When assessing a patient’s range of motion, which position is typically used for passive shoulder abduction? A) Supine with arm at side B) Sitting with arm relaxed at side C) Supine with arm resting on the table D) Standing with arm by the side Answer: C Explanation: Passive shoulder abduction is often assessed with the patient in supine, allowing the examiner to move the arm through the range without muscle activation. Question 16. Which muscle action occurs during the upward phase of a bicep curl? A) Elbow extension B) Elbow flexion C) Shoulder depression
D) Wrist extension Answer: B Explanation: During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii performs elbow flexion as the weight is lifted. Question 17. Which postural deviation is characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and increased lumbar lordosis? A) Kyphosis B) Scoliosis C) Lordosis D) Flat back Answer: C Explanation: Anterior pelvic tilt often results in increased lumbar lordosis, known as lumbar hyperlordosis. Question 18. Which phase of gait involves the foot being in contact with the ground and bearing weight? A) Swing phase B) Stance phase C) Double support phase D) Propulsion phase Answer: B
Question 21. Which modality uses high-frequency sound waves to promote tissue healing? A) TENS B) Ultrasound C) Interferential therapy D) Laser therapy Answer: B Explanation: Therapeutic ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to promote tissue repair and reduce pain. Question 22. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for ultrasound therapy? A) Acute inflammation B) Over malignant tumors C) Chronic tendonitis D) Muscle strain Answer: B Explanation: Ultrasound should not be applied over malignant tumors due to the risk of enhancing tumor growth. Question 23. Hydrotherapy benefits include all the following EXCEPT:
A) Reduced weight bearing B) Enhanced circulation C) Increased joint stress D) Improved muscle relaxation Answer: C Explanation: Hydrotherapy reduces joint stress due to buoyancy, making movement easier and less painful. Question 24. Which taping technique is primarily used to support the arch of the foot? A) Kinesiotaping B) McConnell taping C) Rigid taping for stability D) Strapping for joint fixation Answer: A Explanation: Kinesiotaping is often used for arch support and to facilitate or inhibit muscle activity. Question 25. Which is a key component of patient education in physiotherapy? A) Prescribing medication B) Explaining treatment plans and self-management strategies
Answer: A Explanation: Hemiplegia refers to paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body, often resulting from stroke. Question 28. Which is the most appropriate exercise modality for a patient with pulmonary fibrosis to improve breathing efficiency? A) High-intensity interval training B) Breathing exercises and endurances training C) Heavy weightlifting D) Running marathons Answer: B Explanation: Breathing exercises and endurance training help improve respiratory muscle strength and efficiency in pulmonary fibrosis. Question 29. Which type of rehabilitation approach is typically used for stroke patients to improve motor control? A) Bobath approach B) McKenzie approach C) Mulligan technique D) Rolfing Answer: A
Explanation: The Bobath approach focuses on neurodevelopmental principles to improve motor control and function post-stroke. Question 30. Which age-related change most significantly affects balance in elderly individuals? A) Decreased bone density B) Reduced proprioception and vestibular function C) Increased muscle strength D) Enhanced reflexes Answer: B Explanation: Reduced proprioception and vestibular function impair balance, increasing fall risk in the elderly. Question 31. Which of the following is a common side effect of NSAIDs (non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)? A) Hypertension B) Gastrointestinal irritation C) Hypoglycemia D) Sedation Answer: B Explanation: NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, and bleeding as common side effects.
Question 34. Which core stability exercise is most commonly recommended for improving trunk muscle endurance? A) Plank B) Biceps curl C) Leg press D) Shoulder press Answer: A Explanation: The plank exercise targets core muscles, enhancing stability and endurance of trunk musculature. Question 35. Which manual therapy grade is generally used for pain relief and increasing joint mobility in early rehabilitation? A) Grade I (Loosen) B) Grade II (Tighten) C) Grade III (Stretch) D) Grade IV (Manipulation) Answer: A Explanation: Grade I joint mobilizations are used for pain relief and reducing muscle guarding in early stages. Question 36. Which modality uses pulsed electromagnetic fields for tissue repair and pain relief?
A) Ultrasound B) Laser therapy C) Diathermy D) Pulsed electromagnetic therapy Answer: D Explanation: Pulsed electromagnetic therapy applies electromagnetic fields to promote tissue healing and pain reduction. Question 37. Which is the primary goal of hydrotherapy in physiotherapy? A) To increase joint loading B) To facilitate weight-bearing exercises with reduced joint stress C) To replace land-based therapy D) To provide thermal pain relief only Answer: B Explanation: Hydrotherapy allows weight-bearing exercises with reduced joint stress, aiding in functional recovery. Question 38. Which of the following is an example of passive range of motion (PROM) exercise? A) Patient actively moves their shoulder B) Therapist moves the patient’s knee without patient effort
Answer: B Explanation: Coronary artery disease involves narrowing of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, impairing blood flow. Question 41. Which respiratory test measures the maximum amount of air expelled after a full inhalation? A) Spirometry B) Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) C) Tidal volume measurement D) Vital capacity Answer: D Explanation: Vital capacity measures the maximum amount of air exhaled after a full inhalation, assessing lung function. Question 42. Which pathological process involves infiltration of neutrophils, tissue destruction, and repair? A) Chronic inflammation B) Acute inflammation C) Fibrosis D) Necrosis Answer: B
Explanation: Acute inflammation involves neutrophil infiltration, tissue swelling, and possible tissue destruction. Question 43. Which class of drugs is commonly used to relax skeletal muscles and reduce spasticity? A) Analgesics B) Muscle relaxants C) Antibiotics D) Antidepressants Answer: B Explanation: Muscle relaxants are used to decrease muscle spasticity, especially in neurological conditions. Question 44. Which lever system in the human body is exemplified by the forearm during a bicep curl? A) First class B) Second class C) Third class D) Fourth class Answer: C Explanation: The bicep curl involves a third-class lever where effort is applied between the load and fulcrum.
