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1.Task 1/ P Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards. Introduction Network can be defined as a group of two or more than two computer system which are linked together. A suitable example of a network is the Internet, in which millions of people all over the world are connected. And the process of developing network between the set of computers for the purpose of sharing resources is called as networking. Connection between two devices through wire or wireless media. (Oecd.org, 2018) There are many types of computer network including the following: - ➢ LAN ➢ WAN ➢ PAN ➢ MAN Local Area Network (LAN) Local area network is a small area network. It connects network devices over a relatively short distance, computers geographically together i.e. may in the same building. It can be used as home network, school or office within same building.
Fig: - LAN Advantages of local area network ➢ Through the LAN network we can shared Computer hardware resources like printers, modems, DVD-Rom drives and hard disks easily. ➢ It is efficient to software application sharing. ➢ In LAN, data will be more secure, because of more security for the server computer. ➢ Centralized Data system on LAN. Disadvantages of local area network ➢ Initial Setup of LAN network is more expensive in cost. ➢ There would be Privacy Violations in this network. ➢ Local Area Network covers limited area. (Computergap.com, 2018)
➢ Setting up of the WAN network could be expensive. ➢ Extra manpower is needed to maintaining a network. ➢ Weak security system, different people have the ability to use information from other computers. ➢ It need a good firewall security. (Anon, 2018) Personal Area Network (PAN) The computer network which is used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers, telephones, mobile phone, tablets and personal digital assistants is known as personal area network (PAN). PAN is a personal devices network equipped at a limited area whose concept originates at M.I.T.'s Media Lab. (http://www.conceptdraw.com, 2018) Fig: - Example of PAN Advantages of personal area network; ➢ It reduced hardware costs. ➢ Helps in application and information resources sharing.
➢ Centralized data management. Disadvantages of personal area network; ➢ Can loss autonomy. ➢ Lack of privacy and security threats can be found. ➢ Loss of productivity. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) It is a large computer network system on the large geographical area that may covers large number of building or entire city. Its geographical is larger than LAN but smaller than WAN. MAN is used to combine into a network group located in different buildings into a single network. The diameter of such a network can range from 5 to 50 kilometers. It may be a single network such as cable television network available in many cities. (http://www.conceptdraw.com, 2018) Fig: - example of MAN Advantages of metropolitan area network;
Fig: peer to peer network The above figure shows the example of peer to peer network. Benefits of peer to peer network Peer to peer network can be used in small organization as the installation cost is low as it does not need to keep a server computer. Some of the advantages and benefits of peer to peer network are as follows:
- Easy to install and configuration.
- The connection is more reliable.
- It is less expensive regarded to other network types.
- Connection startup is very cost effective. No need of a networking operating system. 5. System administrator is not required. (AnswerKid.co.uk, 2018) constraint of peer to peer network There are many benefits of peer to peer network but it has got its some constraints also. Some of the constraints are as follows:
- It has less security. Viruses and trojans can be passed very easily since less protection.
- The whole system is decentralized so it is harder to handle by one administrator.
- Data recovery and backup system are very weak where every computer in this network should have their own backups in case of data loss.
- Network security should be applied to each computer separately. (Quora.com, 2018) 1.3 Client Server Network: It is a network model in which there is at least one computer with the server operating and other computers are configured as the clients. In client server network all resources are stored centrally 0n the server and are assessed by the client stations. In client server computer is more powerful regarded to client computers. In this network all the important types of data and information are kept in the server computer. (Study.com, 2018) Fig: client – server network The above figure shows client-server Network. Advantages of client-server network Following are the main advantages of client server network.
- It has centralized security and backups.
Fig: cloud networking system The above figure shows the cloud networking system. Benefits and Advantages of cloud network Cloud network system has many benefits and advantages. Some of them are as follows:
- Lower cost of ownership.
- No IT maintenance costs required.
- It is flexible as resource provider is third party we can add or remove firms at any time.
- Disaster assistance available.
- Off-site data storage features.
- By using cloud network user can collect data and information in no time as it is running all the time. Constraints of cloud network
Following are the constraints and disadvantages of cloud network.
- Cloud computing is impossible without internet connection.
- Difficult to find drivers from new devices/hardware.
- There is always privacy and security issues as the data are stored in third party server. 1.5 Cluster Network A cluster is a group of independent servers interconnected through a dedicated network to work as one centralized data processing resource. The network is made my compromising or connecting two or more computers also known as nodes which works together to execute program or perform other tasks. A cluster is the logical unit of file storage on a hard disk; it's managed by the computer's operating system. (Www-users.cs.umn.edu, 2018) Fig: example of cluster network Benefits of Cluster Network Following are some benefits of cluster network.
- It provides much faster processing speed, larger storage capacity and wider availability of resources.
- It reduces single point of failure.
Advantages of centralized Network 1.In this type of network backup can be easily done as files are stored in centralized server. 2.Server helps to manage the whole network. 3.Secured as data is all located in one place only. Disadvantages of centralized network
- Centralized systems require users to access information on the network uniformly using the same processes.
- All the files are located in server so if server fails whole network fails.
- Expensive to install 1.8 Virtualized Network In this type of network, the resources are combined in a network by splitting of the available bandwidth into channels, each of them are independent of each other and each of them can be assigned or reassigned to a particular server in real time. (Webopedia.com, 2018) Network Standards: Network standards are defined as exact and detailed specification regarding physical layout of network, cabling and methods used to access and maintain communication in between internetworking media. Networking standards are important in a network. Some of the networking standards commonly used are OSI, TCP/IP model etc. (slideshare, 2018)
- OSI Model: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems. This model is broken to seven layers is of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above it or below it. It also helps to defines the logical network and it effectively describes the computer packets transfer by using different subcomponents of OSI Model and it protocol. The OSI Model is also known as seven layer model as it has seven layer on it. (Anon., 2018)
- TCP/IP Model: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Model it helps to separate networking functions into discrete layers. It also helps to describe general guidelines for designing and implementing computer protocols. TCP/IP model consists of four layers. TCP/IP model is the closest model of internet, which uses TCP/IP. In this model network models are used to decide how networks should work, so that other hardware and network policies or protocols can inter cooperate with each other.
- IEEE 802.x Model: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has developed enhancement specific of NICs and cabling of bottom two standards of OSI model. These refinements and enhancements are known as IEEE 802.x model or project. This model is related to the OSI Model. It defines the ways the NICs accesses and transfer data over physical media. These includes connecting, maintaining, and disabling the internetworking devices from the network.
