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PSYC 140 MODULE 3 EXAM 2
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
โ which of the following sensorimotor substages occurs last, according to Piaget: Primary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, or coordination of secondary circular reactions A. primary circular reactions B. tertiary circular reactions C.coordination of secondary circular reactions. Answer: B. tertiary circular reactions โ Baby fat usually peaks at ________ months of age.. Answer: nine โ the ____ reflex involves a baby turning her head when her cheek is touched. Answer: rooting โ T/F infancy is one of the most rapid periods of development across the lifespan. Answer: true โ REM stands for rapid eye ________. Answer: movement โ T?F two year olds weigh, on average, about 30 pounds. Answer: true
โ T/F early in life, infants have far more neural connections than they need. Answer: true โ T/F gross motor skills generally develop before fine motor skills. Answer: true โ T/F Piaget emphasized the role of the individual in constructing knowledge. Answer: true โ 18 - month-old Marta was really upset when her mom left in the morning for work and cried for a long time at daycare. However, Marta doesn't seem very happy to see mom when she returns. She doesn't hug her back when she tries to hug her while picking her up. Instead, she just grabs onto her leg and stands there while she waits to leave. With what attachment style would Ainsworth most likely classify Marta?. Answer: anxious-ambivalent โ how is an infant's achievement of object permanence related to her ability to bond with her parents?. Answer: needs to be able to remember parents in order to attach โ the _______ reflex can be observed when infants make stepping motions when help above a table or other surface. Answer: stepping
โ T/F REM sleep makes up roughly half of an infant's sleep cycle?. Answer: true โ T/F infants' heads are disproportionately small compared to the rest of their bodies. Answer: false โ the _______ reflex is a startle response in which the infant arches his back and flings out his arms and legs. Answer: moro โ choose the correct option from the set of three choices: at birth, in infancy, in early childhood Infants have all or nearly all of their neurons. Answer: at birth โ choose the correct option from the set of three choices: at birth, in infancy, in early childhood Neural pruning occurs. Answer: in early childhood โ choose the correct option from the set of three choices: at birth, in infancy, in early childhood Rapid connections are made between neurons. Answer: in infancy โ which sensorimotor substage is the first one in which an infant can intentionally pick up a toy and intentionally play with it A. primary circular reactions
B. secondary circular reactions C. tertiary circular reactions. Answer: B. secondary circular reactions โ thirteen-month old Jack is staying with a new babysitter until Mom and Dad return from a date. Jack was not upset when his parents left, and when they return, he basically avoids them. With what attachment stype would Ainsworth most likely classify Jack?. Answer: Anxious-avoidant โ T/F Anxious-ambivalent attachment is considered to be a successful attachment style, according to Ainsworth. Answer: false โ which attachment style is thought to be the most problematic A. secure B. ambivalent C. avoidant D. disorganized. Answer: B. ambivalent โ T/F Shaking a baby can cause brain damage. Answer: true โ Little Max is two years old and have a squat trunk and a head that is disproportionately larger than other body patterns. Which infant growth pattern most accurately describes this A. cephalocaudal
โ Lizzy is two-years-old and is learning to throw a ball and use crayons. However, she has trouble catching balls and her crayon strokes are wide and imprecise. Which infant growth pattern (cephalacaudal or proximodistal) most accurately describes Lizzy's abilities?. Answer: proximodistal โ the (cephalocaudal/proximodistal) __________ pattern of physical development can be seen in infants who can grasp a crayon before they can effectively color with one. Answer: proximodistal โ T/F the stepping reflex is a reflex that stays with individuals for life. Answer: false โ T/F Piaget's estimation of the timing of achieving object permanence is now thought to be too pessimistic. Answer: true โ which sensorimotor substage is characterized by experimentation with objects and may even interact with multiple objects A. primary circular reactions B. secondary circular reactions C. tertiary circular reactions. Answer: C. tertiary circular reactions
โ which infant temperament is associated with the most problems with the infant adjusting to new people and situations. Answer: difficult โ T/F two year olds weigh, on average, about 45 pounds. Answer: false โ T/F the moro reflex typically disappears after 5 months. Answer: true โ what is neural pruning. Answer: removal of unneeded synaptic connections โ name two theorists or researchers mentioned in the module as making important contributions to our understanding of infant attachment. Answer: Bowlby and Ainsworth, Erikson, Harlow, Freud โ True or false? If the Babinski reflex lingers afer a child is two years old, it is possible that the child has some nerve damage.. Answer: True โ True or false? Experts believe that some infant reflexes are present to promote infant survival. Answer: True
and what is a correct understanding of how to apply this attachment theory?. Answer: Describe what you learned about infant-parent attachment in the module. The approximate length of the description should be a short paragraph, and it should include sufficient detail on what you learned. Then, describe how your current knowledge on this topic compares to what you knew before taking this module. Finally, describe your views on the following issues: a) how applicable is attachment theory to everyday life and working with infants, and b) what misconceptions about attachment do you think people have, and what is a correct understanding of how to apply this attachment theory? โ During Mary Answorth, strange situation, name, one aspect of the infant or child behaviour that is observed. Answer: Anxious- ambivalent attachment. Child behaviour can be cry, looking towards or following the caregiver, but then child feel anxious about the bonds of child and caregiver. โ In which Sensorimotor substage do infants learn to use symbols?. Answer: Internalization of Schemas โ Thirteen-month old Jack is staying with a new babysitter until Mom and Dad return from a date. Jack was not upset when his
parents left, and when they return, he basically avoids them. With what attachment style would Ainsworth most likely classify Jack?. Answer: Insecure Avoidant Attachment (type A) โ True or false? Piaget's estimation of the timing of achieving object permanence is now thought to be too pessimistic.. Answer: True โ During which Sensorimotor substage do infant reflexes start to go away and infant behavior become more intentional and habit- forming: Primary Circular Reactions, Tertiary Circular Reactions, or Coordination. Answer: Primary Circular Reactions โ Which Sensorimotor substage is characterized by experimentation with objects and may even interact with multiple objects: Primary Circular Reactions, Secondary Circular Reactions, or Tertiary Circular Reactions. Answer: Tertiary Circular Reactions โ What is the name of the successful outcome of Ainsworth's Strange Situation? Hint: it is an attachment style. Answer: Secure Attachment โ During Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation, name one aspect of the infant or child's behavior that is observed. Answer: One aspect of the infant or child's behavior that is observed is the reaction to the mother leaving the room
โ The "5 S's" of infant soothing and why do they help?. Answer: Swaddling, Swinging, Shushing, Sucking, Side position These provide touch that releases endorphins, provide calming "white noise," and mimic the motion the baby experienced in the womb. They also minimize overstimulation the baby might be experiencing. โ Why might it be important for parents to understand infant sleeping and crying?. Answer: Knowledge of typical patterns of sleeping and crying can help parents understand their own emotions and minimize frustration at a crying baby to avoid instances of shaken baby syndrome. โ cephalocaudal patterns of physical development. Answer: growth starts at the head and works toward the limbs and other body parts โ proximodistal patterns of physical development. Answer: growth starts at the trunk and works toward the limbs โ Scheme (or schema). Answer: an organized way of making sense of experience. Our brains categorize information in particular ways so that we remember concepts
โ Assimilation. Answer: New information is taken into existing schemas. Therefore, the information is changed and assimilated as it is brought in. Information is absorbed into an existing schema. โ Accommodation. Answer: Schemas are changed to make sense of incoming information. Thus, the schemas accommodate the new information. โ Easy children. Answer: establish routines, are generally happy, and easily adaptable. โ Difficult children. Answer: are difficult when establishing routines, not adaptable, and often irritable. โ Slow-to-warm-up children. Answer: are fairly inactive, and adjust slowly to novel situations. Their moods tend to be not as positive as the easy children, but not as negative as the difficult children. โ To what extent do infant temperaments predict adult personality?. Answer: There is mixed evidence that infant temperament predicts personality. Some factors seem connected, but others do not. โ What is attachment? How has it been measured? How have researchers understood both nature and nurture affecting attachment?. Answer: Attachment refers to a close emotional bond.
Infant Qualities Family Circumstances โ The module presented multiple factors influencing infant attachment. Name and describe in detail two of these factors.. Answer: Genetics and Child Temperament can both play a role in infant attachment. Genetics can play a role because some infants might have a "natural instinct" to form an attachment with a caregiver. Temperament plays a role because some infants can adapt more easily to new environments, routines, and people vs others who are more irritable, fussy, and less adaptable. โ Based on research since the Chess and Thomas study, to what extent do you think infant temperament predicts adult personality? Be sure to support your answer with what you learned from the module and article, rather than opinion alone.. Answer: Research conducted since the Chess and Thomas study suggests a moderate degree of continuity between infant temperament and adult personality. Longitudinal studies, such as those reviewed in the module and article, indicate that certain temperamental traits displayed in infancy can serve as precursors to specific aspects of adult personality. For instance, infants categorized as "difficult" may exhibit traits associated with neuroticism or emotional instability in adulthood. However, it's crucial to note that temperament is just one factor influencing personality development. Environmental factors, life experiences, and individual choices also play significant roles. While
there is evidence of a link between infant temperament and adult personality, the relationship is not deterministic. It highlights a predisposition rather than a fixed outcome, and individuals may still undergo significant changes and adaptations over their lifespan based on various influences. โ Abby is 18-months old. Abby and her mom are exploring a new daycare. Abby happily plays with toys while her mother talks with the staff. However, when mom goes out of sight, Abby starts to cry. She's immediately soothed when mom comes back. With what attachment style would Ainsworth most likely classify Abby?. Answer: Secure โ. Answer: โ. Answer: โ. Answer: โ. Answer: โ
