Resumen Gramática Descriptiva, Resúmenes de Idioma Inglés

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• NOUN

_> Common or Proper _>Concrete or Abstract _>Countable or Uncountable _>Collective or individual ■ Noun Functions

• THE ARTICLES

■ DETERMINERS

a. (^) Articles: the/a/an b. Possessives: my/your/his/her… c. Demostratives: this/that/these/those d. Quantifiers: some/any/each/either/neither/more/most… e. Interrogatives: what/which/whose/whatever… ■ INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES The following interrogative words are used as adjectives: What, Which, Whose, How much, how many ■ A/AN We use a/an when the listener doesn´t know which thing we mean. ■ (^) THE We use the when it is clear which thing we mean and when it is clear in the situation which thing or person we mean.

• MUCH/MANY ■ MUCH a. Uncountable Nouns b. Interrogative c. Negative d. Much is especially unusual in positive sentences but we use too much/so much in positive sentences ( I can´t drink this tea. There´s too much sugar in it)
• MANY •.a. Plural nouns •.b. Negative Sentences •.c. Affirmative Sentences •.d. Countable Nouns

*Sometimes we can replace “much or many” for “a lot of”.

• LITTLE/A LITTLE

• A LITTLE is more than LITTLE
• LITTLE=NEARLY NONE/NOTHING
• (^) A LITTLE some but not much ■ Comparative - LITTLE-LESS-THE LEAST - LITTLE-MORE-THE MOST - FEW/A FEW
• A FEW is more than FEW
• FEW=NEARLY NONE
• A FEW is a positive idea ■ Comparative - FEW-FEWER-THE FEWEST - (^) A FEW-MORE-MOST - ANOTHER/THE OTHERS/THE OTHER/ OTHERS/OTHER
• ANOTHER-Second thing

THE OTHER-Singular -Plural Pronoun singular form

• THE OTHERS-Pronoun ( los otros/as)

Pronoun singular form

• OTHER- After any, negative. Pron.Singular.
• OTHERS- Pronoun Plural.
  • SOME/ANY

Some- Affirmative Any- Negative, Interrogative

Noun

• To be + Past Participle •.a. Describes how a person is affected by the object of the sentence. I am interested in politics
• To be + Present Participle •.b. Describes the quality of the Subject or Object itself. In fact the Participle Adjective placed in front of the noun in the normal way gives the same meaning. His speech was very interesting.
• Past Participles •.c. Used as Adjectives are normally followed by a preposition: interested in, bored by…
• THE POSITION OF ADBERVIALS A. ADJUNCTS: they provide additional information. They are not essential to the structure.
• Types: A.1. Manner A.2. Position/Place A.3. Direction/Place A.4. Time A.5. Frequency
• MULTIWORD: Adverbials of definite frequency. They are usually placed at the end. There is something good to watch on TV every evening. A.a. (^) SINGLE WORD: Adverbial of indefinite frequency. They are placed in mid position. You always need a car.
• Degree: no son muy communes. They simply go immediately preceding the verb, a noun or an adjective. Quite, even, rather… A.6. Position: they usually appear at the end of the sentence
• Manner
• Place
• Time

EXCEPTION: Although TIME usually comes at the end of the sentence after adbervials of MANNER and PLACE, it is also possible that the adverb of TIME appear at the beginning to emphasize when the action happens.

B. CONJUNCTS: They establish a logical link between a sentence and the next one. Moreover, yet, besides, as a result, altogether, to conclude… C. DISJUNTCS: They express subjectivity POSITION OF CONJUNCTS AND DISJUNCTS

1. They usually appear in initial position. 1.a. Personally, I don´t mind going on a trip(dsijunct) 1.b. That was not my point. However, I will always love you (conjunct)
2. (^) They can also appear in mid position. 1.c. I, personally, do not mind going on a trip.(disjunct) 1.d. I will, however, always love you (conjunct)
3. Disjuncts can ever rarely used at the end position. I didn´t say anything honestly.(disjunct)