equipamento de testes, Manuais, Projetos, Pesquisas de Matérias técnicas

Baixe equipamento de testes e outras Manuais, Projetos, Pesquisas em PDF para Matérias técnicas, somente na Docsity!

CPC 100

Multi-functional primary test system for

substation commissioning and maintenance

CPC 100 – The revolutionary all-in-one test system

The patented test system replaces numerous individual testing devices and offers new, innovative testing methods. This makes testing with the CPC 100 a time- saving and cost-effective alternative for conventional testing methods. Despite its expansive capabilities, the CPC 100 is very simple to use. The powerful testing device provides up to 800 A or 2 kV (2 kA or 12 kV with accessories) with up to 5 kVA over a frequency range of 15 Hz to 400 Hz or 400 ADC. Its compact design (29 kg / 64 lbs) makes it easy to transport and ideal for on-site testing. Using the CPC 100, electrical tests on various assets can be performed:

> Current transformers

> Voltage transformers

> Power transformers

> Power lines

> High-voltage (HV) cables

> Grounding systems

> Rotating machines

> GIS systems

> Switchgear and circuit breakers

> IEC 61850 installations

> Protection relays

Quality & Experience The usage of high-quality components & intensive routine testing in our factory have made the CPC 100 a reliable companion for for our customers worldwide. The CPC 100 is being improved continuously in close cooperation with our customers. Its new accessories and continuous updates guarantee a future proof concept. On load tap changer test equipment High-current injection transformer Phase angle meter Excitation curve tester Power meter (P, Q, S) Line impedance and cable measurement Turns ratio meter for transformers, CTs and VTs

2 kV

12 kV / 15 kV

(with booster)

9 good reasons for one system

> Test several assets

(e.g. CT, VT, CB, power transformer)

> Test different parts of an asset

(e.g. core, windings, bushing, insulation)

> Perform numerous tests

(e.g. ratio, polarity, burden, excitation current)

> Voltage and current injection with variable frequency

> Suppression of mains-related interference and

disturbances

> Test results at different frequencies provide more

detailed information about an asset

> Variable frequency testing is necessary for some

standardized and advanced diagnostic tests

> CPC 100 fulfills highest safety requirements

> CPC 100 is CE & TÜV tested

> CPC 100 tests according to IEEE and IEC standards

> Measurements with the CPC 100 deliver reliable

and repeatable results due to high signal and measurement accuracy

> Offline test preparation possibilities

(time-saving and less error-prone)

> CPC 100 software automatically guides

the user through the test

> Automated report generation

> Customizable test reports

(e.g. different languages, customer logo)

> Light-weight (29 kg / 64 lbs)

> Compact design

> Save costs on:

> Transport

> Handling

> Storage

> Emergency switch-off button

> Protective Earth conductor connection check

> Overload detection

> Multiple isolated outputs

> Safety key lock

> Discharge circuit to de-energize DC

test objects

> SAA1 - audible beeper dongle

> SAA2 - Warning Lamp Set

> SAA3 - 3-position remote safety switch

> Grounding box

> Rapid fault sense (RFS)

> Further applications can be covered by

adding additional hardware accessories

> By upgrading the software:

> Additional tests can be performed

> Additional assets can be tested

> Durable case design for rough environments with

test field accuracy

> Long lifetime due to high quality components

> Premium quality cables and clamps

> Comprehensive documentation (e.g. user manual

with connection diagrams, software help function, videos, application notes)

> Unconventional assets can be tested

(e.g. Rogowski coils, low power CTs)

> Testing according to IEC 61850-9-

(e.g. Sample Values, Merging Unit testing)

> Future applications areas will be covered

by newly developed accessories and software

Rotating machine diagnosis (page 18 – 19) HV cable and power line analysis (page 14 – 15) Gas Insulated Switchgear testing (page 20 – 21) Extended range with accessories Coupling unit HV-source Switch box Tan Delta test set (power factor) Current booster Compensation reactor Resonance circuit Current transformer testing (page 8 – 9) Voltage transformer testing (page 10 – 11) Sampled Values testing (page 26 – 27) Grounding system analysis (page 16 – 17) Switchgear / circuit breaker testing (page 22 – 23) Power and distribution transformer diagnosis (page 12 – 13) M/G Handheld grounding tester Remote control Grounding box

Current transformer (CT) testing Why testing CTs? Testing current transformers helps to detect installation related and in-service related problems, such as: Installation related

> Transportation damages

> Wiring errors

> Manufacturing defects

In-service related

> Degradation of accuracy class

> Shorted turns

> Magnetized core

> Burden failures in secondary circuit

> Insulation material failures

With the CPC 100 many standard electrical tests for CTs can be performed with one single device saving testing time and labor costs. Additionally, unconventional CTs, like Rogowski coils and IEC 61850 integrated systems, can also be tested. CT testing with the CPC 100 Supplied from a single phase wall outlet, the CPC 100 can generate up to 800 AAC (2 000 A with CP CB2 current booster) for injecting into the CT‘s primary side and testing its ratio, polarity and burden. Excitation curve measurement For excitation curve measurement, the CPC 100‘s output is connected to the secondary terminals of the core. Within an automatic test run, the CPC 100 measures the excitation curve and displays the knee point voltage and knee point current at rated frequency (according to the relevant IEC or IEEE / ANSI standard). The CPC 100 also automatically demagnetizes the CT core after the test. Your benefits

> Mulifunctional CT tests

> Primary injection up to 2 kA

> Simple wiring test with handheld

polarity checker (CPOL2)

> Voltage withstand test up to 2 kV

+ CPOL

The CPOL2 can check the correct polarity along the different connection points in the secondary wiring by analyzing the sawtooth signal injected into the CT’s primary side using the CPC 100.

Voltage transformer (VT) / potential transformer testing VT testing with the CPC 100 With a voltage output of up to 2 000 VAC the CPC 100 can be used to test VT ratio, polarity and burden. By injecting voltage into the primary side, ratio can be mea- sured. Thereby the phase angles of high-voltage output and voltage measurement input are also measured. Thus the correct VT polarity can be verified. Applying voltage to the secondary VT circuits and measuring the load current in amplitude and phase allows the actual burden to be measured, ensuring that it is within the VT´s specification data. Why testing VTs? The majority of VT failures occur due to electrical stresses or manufacturing and installation errors. Typically electrical stresses are caused by:

> Thunderstorms

> Ferro-resonances effects

> Over-voltages

Especially in high-voltage and extra high-voltage installations supervision of the VT insulation system is important to ensure that its dielectric characteristics have not degraded over time. In case of (re-)commissioning of substations VT circuits should also be checked. Verifying the VT´s nameplate data helps to identify damages of the VT or wrong connections. Your benefits

> Ratio testing from 15 Hz – 400 Hz

> Multi-functional VT testing

> Simple wiring check with handheld

polarity checker (CPOL2)

+ CPOL

The CPOL2 can check the correct polarity along the different connection points in the secondary wiring by analyzing the sawtooth signal injected into the VT’s primary side using the CPC 100. Voltage/potential transformer testing

> VT ratio

up to 2 kVAC | polarity and burden

> VT burden

up to 130 VAC | secondary

> VT secondary voltage withstand test

up to 2 kVAC

> Polarity check with CPOL

up to 2 kVAC

> VT electronics

up to 2 kVAC

> VT voltage withstand test

up to 2 kVAC

> IEC 61850 Sampled Values testing

> Power/dissipation factor test

up to 12 kV/15kV, 300 mA | with CP TD12/ Disturbance-free measurement The VT‘s secondary signal may be difficult to measure if it is small in amplitude – especially if neighboring parts of the substation are in operation. In case of strong disturbances, the user can select a frequency different to that of the power system and utilizes the “frequency selective mea- surement” function. Thus only the VT‘s output signal with this particular frequency is measured while all other signals are filtered out.

• CP TD12/ For high-voltage VTs, insulation material tests are very important and can be easily done with the CP TD12/15 accessory.

Power transformer testing

> DC winding resistance up to 100 ADC

> Transformer demagnetization with CP SB

> Dynamic load tap changer diagnostics

(on load tap changer test) up to 100 ADC | optionally with CP SB

> Transformer turns ratio (TTR) per tap

up to 2 kVAC | including polarity and excitation current | IEC 61387-1 support for transformer with unconventional vector groups

> Automatically determination of the transformer’s

vector group with CP SB

> Leakage reactance / short circuit impedance up to 6 AAC

> Transformer, bushing: power/dissipation factor

• insulation capacitance up to 12 kV/15kV, 300 mA | frequency from 15 Hz to 400 Hz | with CP TD12/

> Insulating fluids: power/dissipation factor

up to 12 kV/15kV, 300 mA | with CP TD12/15 and CP TC

> Excitation current per tap up to 12 kV/15kV, 300 mA | with CP TD12/

> Frequency response of stray losses (FRSL)

> Surge arrestors: leakage current and watt losses

up to 12 kV/15kV, 300 mA | with CP TD12/

> HV source for voltage withstand test

up to 15 kVA | with 3 CPCs + TRC

> HV source for PD measurements

up to 15 kVA | with 3 CPCs + TRC Power/dissipation factor (PF/DF) measurement For PF/DF measurement on power transformers and bushings, the CPC 100 is combined with the CP TD12/15. Measuring this factor over a broad frequency range – in addition to mains frequency – helps to better assess the insulation condition, for example detect whether the cellulose or the oil is contaminated by moisture. Dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) The DRM can be performed as a supplementary measurement in order to analyze the OLTC’s switching process. The CPC 100 + CP SB1 injects a DC current in the same way that it does for static winding resistance measurements with the the addition of recording the dynamic behaviour of the diverter switch. Based on this non-invasive testing method, failures can be detected without opening the OLTC compartment.

• TRC The triple remote control TRC1 allows three CPCs to be synchronized safely. This allows the CPC 100 to be used as a powerful HV source. Matching transformers are provided in order to match the rated voltage on the LV side.

+ CP SB

The switchbox CP SB reduces wiring work at power transformers. Thereby, the time needed for testing can be reduced and, at the same time, safety can be significantly increased.

+ CP TD12/

Insulation condition assessment of transformers, bushings and insulation fluids (with the CP TC12). HV-source

Line impedance measurement Line parameters for distance protection Correct line parameters are crucial for reliable and selective distance protection. The set of parameters contains the positive and the zero sequence impedance (Z 1 , Z 0 ) as well as the k-factor (kL, RE/RL and XE/XL, k 0 ). These parameters are often calculated from software tools, which do not provide actual line parameters due to unknown soil properties, such as different soil resistivities, pipelines or other unknown conductors. This leads to under- or overreach of your distance protection relay resulting in outage and loss of grid stability. Zone under- and overreach The most frequent faults on power lines are ground faults. In particular, inaccuracies from software calculation effect this kind of fault. The example on the right shows a zone overreach for a ground fault due to an incorrect k-factor setting. In this case the assumed k-factor is higher than the actual one. Therefore, a ground fault at the remote end of the line is seen incorrectly in the first zone. Mutual coupling With this unique testing equipment, the mutual coupling impedance between parallel lines can also be determined to consider coupling effects for correct parameterization. Incorrect k-factor (tendancy to overreach) 100 % of Line length Phase-to-ground Fault: Calculated impedance Line impedance Z L Zone 1, t 1 = 0 ms Zone 2, t 2 = 300 ms R in Ω X in Ω Your benefits

> Accurate distance protection relay

settings by performing a line impedance measurement

> Safe and quick determination of Z 1 , Z 0

and k-factors

> Mutual coupling impedance

measurement between parallel lines Ground grid

Grounding system testing Personnel safety In the event of a ground fault hazardous step and touch voltage can occur inside and outside of a substation. Ground tests prove the effectiveness of grounding systems and guarantee safety of people inside and outside the substation. A fall-of-potential measurement is usually performed to determine the condition of the entire ground grid. On top of that, step and touch voltages are measured at exposed locations in order to ensure human safety in select areas. Fall-of-potential measurement (3-point test) The fall-of-potential measurement with the CPC 100 is performed according to EN 50522 or IEEE 81. For the fall-of-potential measurement the voltage between the ground grid and ground electrodes in different distances to the ground grid is measured until reference ground is reached. Dedicated software transforms the test results into a voltage and impedance chart which allows the ground potential rise and the ground impedance to be determined. Your benefits

Determine true test values by power line injection Simple and accurate step and touch voltage measurements with handheld HGT1 device Reduction factor measurement on ground wires and cable shields Ground grid

When testing large ground grids the potential of the ground grid under test and the counter electrode must not overlap. This is done in order to ensure human safety in a worst case scenario, which is always crucial. The CPC 100 + CP CU overcomes this problem by injecting the test current into a remote substation via an existing power line. Ground system analysis

> Ground grid impedance for large systems

up to 100 A | with CP CU

> Step and touch voltage

up to 100 A | with CP CU1 and HGT

> Ground grid impedance for small systems

up to 6 AAC

> Soil resistivity

up to 6 AAC

> Integrity check of grounding connection

up to 400 ADC

> Reduction factor / current split factor

> Measure multiple current paths with Rogowski coil

Step and touch voltage measurement Step and touch voltage measurements according to EN 50522 and IEEE 81 are performed with the HGT1. This handheld device employs frequency selective measurements for effective noise suppression. Furthermore, tests can be executed quickly and easily since long test cables for connecting to the main device are no longer necessary. Dedicated test templates assess measured step and touch voltages according to EN 50522 and IEEE 80 automatically.

• HGT Primary Test Manager (PTM) and HGT1 enable you to quickly, simply and conveniently measure ground impedance as well as step and touch voltage. Due to a new approach there is no operational personal required at the CPC 100 anymore. Together, the test director and assistants perform all measurements out in the field in order to avoid miscommunication and selection of inadequate test points. Ground grid (^) CP GB

Rotating machines diagnosis

> Power/dissipation factor tip-up test

at 50 Hz / 60 Hz up to 15 kV | 5 A| with CP TD15 and CP CR

> Power/dissipation factor test with variable frequency

up to 15 kV | frequency from 15 Hz to 400 Hz | with CP TD

> HV source for testing rotating machines

up to 15 kV | max. 2 μF | with CP TD15 and CP CR

> DC winding resistance measurement

up to 400 A DC and 5 kVA down to the microohm range.

> Pole drop test

> Electromagnetic imperfection testing

> Stator core measurement

Semi-automatic scanning of the stator core, measurement and excitation in one solution

• CP CR The CP CR600 compensator reactor enables the CP TD15 to be used with test objects with large capacitance such as large motors and generators.

+ CP TD

Insulation condition assessment of motors and generators. The CPC 100

• CP TD15 can provide up to 15 kV. It can be be used as HV source and PF/DF measurement system at the same time. Pole drop test Mechanical stress in rotor windings cause inter turn faults (short circuits), which can lead to a magnetic imbalance. This causes higher shaft vibrations which puts more stress on the bearings and can potentially damage them. The CPC 100 provides the AC source and the accurate voltage inputs nedded to perform the pole drop test. Electromagnetic imperfection testing This test (also known as stray flux measurement) is performed to detect stator core interlamination faults that can cause overheating and damage during machine operation. The stator core is energized with a small percentage of nominal flux and the stray flux on the surface is measured along the slots. Faults are indicated by an increase of stray flux in amplitude and/or a change in the phase.

Gas-insulated switchgear testing Testing gas-insulated switchgear to date Gas-insulated switchgears (GIS) are compact and are, therefore, used in applications where space is limited. For commissioning of GIS a high-voltage (HV) withstand test is required in accordance with standards (IEC 62271-203). To date the test voltage needed for a withstand test has been produced by a resonance circuit. This test system consists of an HV test transformer, a coupling capacitor and a power control unit. The HV test transformer and the coupling capacitor have to be connected directly to the GIS. Weak points of this testing principle:

> The complete test system is difficult to transport,

because it consists of very heavy and large components.

> It is difficult to use it at test sites with limited space,

such as wind turbines.

> The HV test lead must be connected to, and

disconnected from, the GIS system for testing. This normally includes a time-consuming venting and refilling process of the SF 6 gas. Innovative GIS testing With the CPC 100 + CP RC it is possible to perform GIS tests without the need of a big HV transformer. This is possible because the system directly makes use of a specially designed “Power VT” for testing. This Power VT is an integral part of the GIS and generates the required test voltage. CPC 100 injects power at the LV side of the VT, producing the necessary voltage on the HV side. A direct connection of the measuring system to the integrated VT of the GIS system eliminates the need for draining and refilling any SF 6 gas. The CPC 100 + CP RC system comprises several small and light-weight components (< 21 kg / 46 lbs) which can be transported by one person. With its modular design GIS tests can even be accomplished at test sites with limited space. Your benefits

Small and light-weight test system with high output power Testing without gas venting and refilling procedure Automatic frequency tuning for ideal load compensation