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Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 1 Exam., Exams of Abnormal Psychology

DeVry University - ArizonaAbnormal Psychology

Psychological Disorder / Abnormal behavior - phobia - Psychological Dysfunction -

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 03/27/2024

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Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 1 Exam.
Psychological Disorder / Abnormal behavior - Correct Answer 1. a psychological
dysfunction within an individual associated
2. with distress or impairment in functioning
3. and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
phobia - Correct Answer An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and
avoidance of a specific object or situation.
Psychological Dysfunction - Correct Answer Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or
behavioral functioning
Just having a dysfunction is not enough to meet the criteria for psychological disorder. -
Correct Answer for this reason, these problems are often considered to be on a
continuum or a dimension rather than to be categories that are present or absent.
atypical - Correct Answer not typical; not conforming to the type; irregular; abnormal
DSM - Correct Answer Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - contains the current listing of
criteria for psychological disorders
Abnormal - Correct Answer describes behavioral, psychological, or biological
dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present
distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or
impairment
prototype - Correct Answer a typical profile. a pt may have only some features or
symptoms of the disorder (minimum number) and still meet criteria for the disorder
because his or her set of symptoms is close to the prototype.
Psychopathology - Correct Answer the scientific study of psychological disorders
counseling psychologists - Correct Answer tend to study and treat adjustment and
vocational issues encountered by relatively healthy individuals
clinical psychologists - Correct Answer usually concentrate on more severe
psychological disorders
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Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 1 Exam.

Psychological Disorder / Abnormal behavior - Correct Answer 1. a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated

  1. with distress or impairment in functioning
  2. and a response that is not typical or culturally expected phobia - Correct Answer An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. Psychological Dysfunction - Correct Answer Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning Just having a dysfunction is not enough to meet the criteria for psychological disorder. - Correct Answer for this reason, these problems are often considered to be on a continuum or a dimension rather than to be categories that are present or absent. atypical - Correct Answer not typical; not conforming to the type; irregular; abnormal DSM - Correct Answer Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - contains the current listing of criteria for psychological disorders Abnormal - Correct Answer describes behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment prototype - Correct Answer a typical profile. a pt may have only some features or symptoms of the disorder (minimum number) and still meet criteria for the disorder because his or her set of symptoms is close to the prototype. Psychopathology - Correct Answer the scientific study of psychological disorders counseling psychologists - Correct Answer tend to study and treat adjustment and vocational issues encountered by relatively healthy individuals clinical psychologists - Correct Answer usually concentrate on more severe psychological disorders

Functions of Mental Health Practitioners - Correct Answer 1. Consumers of the science of psychopathology. That is that they keep up with recent developments which benefits their patients.

  1. Evaluators of own assessments or treatment procedures to see whether they work.
  2. Research. This research attempts to: a. describe psychological disorders b. determine causes c. treatment Presenting problem - Correct Answer why the person came to the clinic Clinical description - Correct Answer represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder. Clinical - Correct Answer refers to both types of problems and disorders that would be found in a clinic or hospital and to be the activities connected with assessment and treatment Prevalence - Correct Answer how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder Incidence - Correct Answer rate of occurrence; particular occurrence; Ex. high incidence of infant mortality Chronic course - Correct Answer Generally a long-term disorder, such as schizophrenia Episodic course - Correct Answer disorder that may end after a few months only to reoccur at a later time Time-limited course - Correct Answer The disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period Acute onset - Correct Answer disorder begins suddenly Insidious onset - Correct Answer Development of a disorder that occurs gradually over an extended period (contrast with acute onset). Prognosis - Correct Answer a prediction of the course of a disease Developmental psychology - Correct Answer the study of changes that occur as an individual matures Developmental psychopathology - Correct Answer Study of changes in abnormal behavior that occur over time.

psychosis - Correct Answer any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted delusions - Correct Answer false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality hallucinations - Correct Answer false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus John P. Grey - Correct Answer Psychiatrist who believed that the causes of insanity were always physical Insulin shock therapy - Correct Answer Dangerous biological treatment involving the administration of large doses of insulin to induce seizures. electroconvulsive therapy - Correct Answer a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient reserpine - Correct Answer the first monoamine antagonist to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia; the active ingredient of the snakeroot plant neuroleptics - Correct Answer Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia. benzodiazapine - Correct Answer Xanax (alprazolam), Librium (chlordiazepoxide), Valium (diazepam), Ativan (lorazepam), Versed (midazolam), Restoril (temazepam) Emil Kraepelin - Correct Answer German psychiatrist responsible for creating the first truly comprehensive classification system of psychological disorders psychosocial treatment - Correct Answer Treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors (such as family experience), as well as psychological influences. These approaches include cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal methods. moral therapy - Correct Answer philosophy of treatment that emphasized treating mentally ill people with compassion and understanding, rather than shackling them in chains asylums - Correct Answer facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century. Dorothea Dix - Correct Answer A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the

mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. psychoanalysis - Correct Answer Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions Sigmund Freud - Correct Answer Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the ** id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual, aggressive, and pleasure-seeking desires) and ** ego (rationalizing conscious, what one can do) and **superego (ingrained moral values, what one should do). Anton Mesmer - Correct Answer Believed that the healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of people's bodily fluids. His technique of mesmerism was used with hypnotism. behaviorism - Correct Answer an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior animal magnetism - Correct Answer A term coined by F.A. Mesmer to refer to a putative force or fluid capable of being transmitted from one person to another, producing healing effects. See also Mesmerism. unconscious - Correct Answer that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY Catharsis - Correct Answer (psychoanalysis) purging of emotional tensions. SECOND MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT psychoanalytic model - Correct Answer Complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces. Psychoanalytic theory - Correct Answer 1. the structure of the mind and the distinct functions of personality that sometimes clash with one another

  1. the defense mechanisms with which the mind defends itself from these clashes or conflicts
  2. the stages of early psychosexual development that provide gist for the mill of our inner conflicts

begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. extinction - Correct Answer a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus introspection - Correct Answer a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings John B. Watson - Correct Answer behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat Joseph Wolpe - Correct Answer Used classical conditioning theory in psychotherapy and introduced Systematic Desensitatization and concepts of reciprocal inhibition which he applied to reduce anxiety. In treatment he paired relaxation with an anxiety - provoking stimulus until the stimulus no longer produced anxiety. Behavior Therapy - Correct Answer Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. B.F. Skinner - Correct Answer pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons and rats. Operant Conditioning - Correct Answer a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher Shaping - Correct Answer an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior